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Let A be a finite dimensional algebra, the Bongartz lemma for classic tilting modules says that any partial tilting module is a direct summand of a tilting module. In this paper, we prove that a Bongartz-type lemma for silting complexes in the bounded derived category D b (A) holds if A is a hereditary algebra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our motivation is to build a systematic method in order to investigate the structure of cluster algebras of geometric type. The method is given through the notion of mixing-type sub-seeds, the theory of seed homomorphisms and the view-point of gluing of seeds. As an application, for (rooted) cluster algebras, we completely classify rooted cluster subalgebras and characterize rooted cluster quotient algebras in detail. Also, we build the relationship between the categorification of a rooted cluster algebra and that of its rooted cluster subalgebras. Note that cluster algebras of geometric type studied here are of the sign-skew-symmetric case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the contributions of Clonorchis sinensis and hepatitis B virus to the development of cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), C. sinensis and hepatitis B virus infections in 20 clinical liver cancer cases from a C. sinensis- and hepatitis B virus-epidemic region were detected. Eight cases of ICC, 11 cases of HCC and one mixed ICC and HCC case were verified by CT, pathological section and (or) observations during surgery. The C. sinensis infection was detected by stool microscopy and ELISA, and the worms and eggs found during surgery and in pathological sections also allowed for diagnoses. Hepatitis B virus infections were detected by ELISA. In the 20 cases, 18 patients were diagnosed with C. sinensis infections. Eight of the 20 patients were infected with the hepatitis B virus, and seven were co-infected with C. sinensis. In the eight ICC patients, seven were diagnosed with C. sinensis infection, and two had mixed infections with the hepatitis B virus. In the 11 HCC patients, 10 were diagnosed with C. sinensis, four had mixed infections with the hepatitis B virus, and only one HCC patient presented a single infection by the hepatitis B virus. These clinical observations revealed that C. sinensis infection and C. sinensis co-infection with the hepatitis B virus are important factors in ICC and HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans are definitive hosts of three species of the Taenia genus, namely Taenia solium, Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica. The relative novelty of the latter explains the lack of knowledge concerning certain relevant aspects related to this parasite, such as its definite geographical distribution and whether its eggs can infect humans or not. So far, only the eggs of T. solium are known to be infective for humans, producing cysticercosis. Although eggs contain the infective stage, the oncosphere, there is a lack of research on the ultrastructure of eggs of human taeniids. We show, for the first time, the ultrastructure of eggs of T. asiatica by means of SEM and TEM analyses. We detected all the envelopes, namely the egg shell, vitelline layer, outer embryophoric membrane, embryophore, granular layer, basal membrane, oncospheral membrane and oncospheral tegument. Hooks surrounded by myofibrils and glycogen-like particles, the two types of secretory granules of the penetration glands, as well as several nuclei and mitochondria were also revealed in the oncospheres. In addition to the already known structures in eggs from other Taenia species, the presence of two types of small vesicles is described herein, possibly corresponding to exosomes and ectosomes because of their shape and size, which could participate in the host/parasite intercellular communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We give the condition of isomorphisms between tilting graphs and cluster-tilting graphs of hereditary algebras. As a conclusion, it is proved that a graph is a skeleton graph of Stasheff polytope if and only if it is both the tilting graph of a hereditary algebra and also the cluster-tilting graph of another hereditary algebra. At last, when comparing such uniformity, the geometric realizations of simplicial complexes associated with tilting modules and cluster-tilting objects are discussed respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, any directed graph is called a quiver. We first introduce the notions of skeleton graph and reduced skeleton graph of K and K types. Then a complete classification of reduced skeleton graphs of K and K types is given. Moreover, as a specification of Kuratowski's theorem, the precise characterization of non-planar cluster quivers from surface is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]