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Novel CHCHD2 mutations causing C-terminal truncation and interrupted CHCHD2 protein stability in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients were previously found. However, there is limited understanding of the underlying mechanism and impact of subsequent CHCHD2 loss-of-function on PD pathogenesis. The current study further identified the crucial motif (aa125-133) responsible for diminished CHCHD2 expression and the molecular interplay within the C1QBP/CHCHD2/CHCHD10 complex to regulate mitochondrial functions. Specifically, CHCHD2 deficiency led to decreased neural cell viability and mitochondrial structural and functional impairments, paralleling the upregulation of autophagy under cellular stresses. Meanwhile, as a binding partner of CHCHD2, C1QBP was found to regulate the stability of CHCHD2 and CHCHD10 proteins to maintain the integrity of the C1QBP/CHCHD2/CHCHD10 complex. Moreover, C1QBP-silenced neural cells displayed severe cell death phenotype along with mitochondrial damage that initiated a significant mitophagy process. Taken together, the evidence obtained from our in vitro and in vivo studies emphasized the critical role of CHCHD2 in regulating mitochondria functions via coordination among CHCHD2, CHCHD10, and C1QBP, suggesting the potential mechanism by which CHCHD2 function loss takes part in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Zhejiang University: Science A is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central South University is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A new type of Fe–Ni ceramet inert anode with the NiO contents of 0, 10, 20 and 30 wt% for aluminum electrolysis was prepared by the powder metallurgy process. The effects of NiO addition on the high-temperature oxidation and corrosion behaviors of the ceramet had been investigated by the thermogravimetric analysis and electrolysis, respectively. The results indicated that the pre-existing oxide phase shortened the time for formation of the oxide scale on the sample, which promoted the formation of continuous dense scale with the good adhesion to substrate materials during high-temperature oxidation. Besides, the appearance of NiO at the grain boundary hindered the oxidation of the metal phase, which avoids the peeling phenomenon. As a result, the addition of NiO in the Fe–Ni alloy played an important role in hindering the oxidation process, which greatly improved the anti-oxidant properties. Compared with the alloy anode, additionally, the total impurity content in the melted aluminum electrolyte was 0.28 mass% for 100 h of electrolysis at 20 A. It indicated that the addition of NiO improved the corrosion resistance of Fe–Ni ceramet anode significantly. Therefore, the Fe–Ni ceramet anode may be the promising inert anode materials for the aluminum electrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crude oil leakage from tankers, offshore platforms, drilling rigs and wells, causing severe pollution to the environment has led to irreversible damage to ocean habitat and inhabitants. It has become one of the greatest global environmental concerns which has recently attracted major public awareness. In addition, the contamination of sea and inhabitants. It has significantly harmed the fishing and seafood industry, and even raises health and life issues for millions of human beings. Until now, there is still no viable and practical method to effectively reduce the damage from crude oil spill. This has attracted numerous researchers' attention. For developing an environmentally friendly and cost-effective polymer absorbent for oil spill cleaning. Recently, among all the efforts, it is proven that biomass aerogel can be used as an outstanding absorbent for oil–water separation, which is a feasible solution for tackling the crude oil issue. In this article, a comprehensive review on the current state-of-art for biomass-based aerogels utilised in the field of oil/water separation is provided. This includes the preparation procedures, fabrication processes, and the categorisation of various types of aerogels. Additionally, the future direction and technological advancement will be discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of black tooth stain and associated factors in primary dentition in Shanghai, China. Materials and methods: Through a cross-sectional design, preschool children were randomly recruited from 12 kindergartens. Children's dental caries were assessed on the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) and surfaces (dmfs). The presence of black tooth stain was examined, and the visible plaque index was calculated. Questionnaires were completed by the children's parents or guardians. Negative binomial regression was used to investigate the associated factors. Results: A total of 2,023 children were invited, and 1,397 examined participants with questionnaire data were included in final analysis. The rate of black tooth stain was 9.9 % with mean age of 4.55 years. Compared to children without black stain, children with black stain had a significant lower prevalence and experience of dental caries ( P < 0.01). Factors for black stain were age, born in Shanghai, parents' higher education level, lower visible plaque index and mean dmfs, less use of nursing bottle, food with more soy sauce, and history of pneumonia. Conclusions: Preschool children with black tooth stain had fewer dental caries. Further studies are warranted to explore the microbiologic risk factors for black tooth stain and to evaluate the causal-effect factors using prospective study design. Clinical relevance: In clinics, dentists should pay more attention to this aesthetic problem for the relative high prevalence of black tooth stain in primary dentition. Also, the related factors can be explained to parents for the prevention of black tooth stain in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the capability of spectral CT imaging to detect the different stages and angiogenesis of myocardial infarction (MI).Methods: MI was surgically induced in 40 rabbits that were evenly divided into four stages of MI: 6 h (6H), 3 days (3D), 7 days (7D) and 14 days (14D). Spectral CT was performed at 10 s, 1 min and 3 min after intravenous contrast medium administration. CD31 immunohistochemistry was used for the microvessel density (MVD) measurement. Iodine concentrations in the myocardium were measured and normalised to the aorta as nIC. The relationships between infarcted myocardial nIC and MVD were analysed.Results: The nIC of infarct myocardium decreased at 10 s and increased in late-phase CT images. There were significant differences between the 6H and other groups (P ( 6H-3D )  = 0.01, P ( 6H-7D )  = 0.01, P ( 6H-14D )  = 0.00). There was a significant difference in the MVD of infarct myocardium between the two groups except in the 7D and 14D groups (P = 0.08). In the 10-s phase, the nIC of infarct myocardium was negatively correlated with MVD (r = -0.54, P = 0.00), whereas in the late phases, there was a positive correlation between them (r = 0.57, P = 0.00 in the 1-min phase, r = 0.48, P = 0.00 in the 3-min phase).Conclusion: Spectral CT imaging of the myocardium can be used to evaluate the different stages and angiogenesis of MI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MYB genes are widely distributed in higher plants and comprise one of the largest transcription factors, which are characterized by the presence of a highly conserved MYB domain at their N-termini. Over recent decades, biochemical and molecular characterizations of MYB have been extensively studied and reported to be involved in many physiological and biochemical processes. This review describes current knowledge of their structure characteristic, classification, multi-functionality, mechanism of combinational control, evolution, and function redundancy. It shows that the MYB transcription factors play a key role in plant development, such as secondary metabolism, hormone signal transduction, disease resistance, cell shape, organ development, etc. Furthermore, the expression of some members of the MYB family shows tissuespecificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]