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The Inter-Satellite Link (ISL) technology plays a vital role in BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), and it's a developmental trend of the future GNSS. However, ISL is insensitive to both the Earth's rotation and the constellation's overall rotation, which has resulted in persistent overall constellation drift issues for autonomous navigation. Due to technical limitations, the current method for autonomous navigation requires adding ground anchor stations in order to connect the satellite constellation to Earth's surface, thereby minimizing the drift of constellation. Nevertheless, this approach is not a fully autonomous navigation as we expected. This paper proposes an autonomous navigation scheme based on ISL utilizing a lunar satellite as a spatial anchor point and leveraging lunar gravity to establish an inertial space direction reference for the satellite constellation. The feasibility and effectiveness of this scheme are validated through theoretical analysis and simulation experiments. After 120 days of precise orbit determination simulation, the accuracy of result is improved from 408.56 m to 7.78 m, which shows a 98% improvement for all GNSS orbit by adding a lunar satellite into ISL net. This improvement is primarily observed in terms of tangent and normal directions, which experience enhancements of 89.6% and 98.6%, respectively. Specifically, we achieve an improvement of approximately 89% in the accuracy of the inclination angle, around 99% in the right ascension of ascending node, and about 89% in the sum of the argument of perigee and mean anomaly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used the time series data of Ganzhou city to explore the individual and interaction effects of temperature and humidity on COPD death, and identify vulnerable subgroups of the population. We collected daily COPD mortality and meteorological data in Ganzhou from 2016 to 2019. The nonlinear distribution lag model was used to examine the associations and interaction between daily mean temperature and humidity and COPD mortality. For the total population, male and 65 years old or above, the relative risk (RR) for COPD mortality could be significant at extremely low temperature (3.3 ℃), reaching 1.799 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.216, 2.662), 1.894 (95% CI: 1.164, 3.084) and 1.779 (95% CI:1.185, 2.670). Also, at extremely low humidity (47.8%), the risk reached 1.888 (95% CI: 1.217, 2.930), 1.837 (95% CI: 1.066, 3.165) and 2.166 (95% CI: 1.375, 3.414). The cumulative COPD death risk for females was 3.524 (95% CI: 1.340, 9.267) at high temperature (30.7 ℃), 1.953(95% CI: 1.036, 3.683) at low humidity (47.8%) and 1.726 (95% CI: 1.048, 2.845) at high humidity (96.7%). For the total COPD deaths and subgroups, the interaction effects between daily temperature and humidity were not significant (p > 0.05). Both extremely low temperature and low humidity increased the risk of COPD death in Ganzhou city, especially for males and people over 65 years old. Females were more sensitive to extremely high temperature and humidity. Patients with COPD should pay attention to self-protection under extreme temperature and humidity weather conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the link between various forms of obesity, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), and the risk of dyslipidemia among Chinese residents. We selected the study population through a multi-stage random sampling method from permanent residents aged 35 and older in Ganzhou. Obesity was categorized as non-obesity, general obesity, central obesity, or compound obesity according to established diagnostic criteria. We employed a logistic regression model to assess the relationship between different types of obesity and the risk of dyslipidemia. Additionally, we used the restricted cubic spline model to analyze the association between BMI, WC, and the risk of dyslipidemia. The study included 2030 residents aged 35 or older from Ganzhou, China. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was found to be 39.31%, with an age-standardized prevalence of 36.51%. The highest prevalence of dyslipidemia, 58.79%, was observed among those with compound obesity. After adjusting for confounding factors, we found that the risk of dyslipidemia in those with central and compound obesity was respectively 2.00 (95% CI 1.62–2.46) and 2.86 (95% CI 2.03–4.03) times higher than in the non-obese population. Moreover, the analysis using the restricted cubic spline model indicated a nearly linear association between BMI, WC, and the risk of dyslipidemia. The findings emphasize the significant prevalence of both dyslipidemia and obesity among adults aged 35 and above in Ganzhou, China. Notably, individuals with compound obesity are at a substantially increased risk of dyslipidemia. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize the use of BMI and WC as screening and preventive measures for related health conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs) have shown good as-cast tensile strength and ductility due to the combination of soft and hard phases. However, the yield strengths of casting EHEAs are less competitive. We here induced precipitation hardening to overcome the above challenge in the casting Ni44Co10Cr12Fe15Al17W2 EHEA. L12 and BCC dual-coherent phases precipitate from the FCC/B2 eutectics of Ni44Co10Cr12Fe15Al17W2, leading to an excellent yield strength of 805 ± 45 MPa with uniform elongation of 17.7 ± 0.9 pct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High myopia is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. It may lead to emotional defects that rely closely on the link between visual sensation and the central nervous system. However, the extent of the defects and its underlying mechanism remain unknown. Here, we report that highly myopic patients exhibit greater anxiety, accompanied by higher CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and monocyte levels in the blood. Similar findings are found in the mouse model of high myopia. Mechanistic evaluations using GFP-positive bone marrow chimeric mice, parabiotic mouse model, enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, etc., show that highly myopic visual stimulation increases CCL2 expression in eyes, aggravates monocyte/macrophage infiltration into eyes and brains, and disrupts blood–ocular barrier and blood–brain barrier of mice. Conversely, Ccl2-deficient highly myopic mice exhibit attenuated ocular and brain infiltration of monocytes/macrophages, reduced disruption of the blood–ocular barrier and blood–brain barrier, and less anxiety. Substantial alleviation of high myopia-related anxiety can also be achieved with the administration of CCL2-neutralizing antibodies. Our results establish the association between high myopia and anxiety, and implicate the CCL2-mediated inflammatory pathogenesis as an underlying mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well accepted that the phenology of insects whose life activities are closely related to temperature is changing in response to global climate warming. To investigate the impacts of climate warming on the phenology of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) across large temporal and spatial scales, this study collected historical data on the occurrence and population dynamic of this pest in China, and systematically explored its phenological responses. The results showed a delayed trend for the dates of first occurrence, end occurrence, population initial growth, and population peak of B. dorsalis in China during 40 years, and the changes of the latter two phenological parameters were significant. The mean temperature in spring and summer were the key climatic factors affecting the occurrence and population growth of B. dorsalis in China, respectively. Moreover, the B. dorsalis data in eastern, southern, central, and southwestern China showed spatial heterogeneity of phenological responses to climate warming at a regional scale. B. dorsalis phenology and their changing patterns with climate warming varied by geographical location. This study provides valuable information for future monitoring, prediction, and prevention of the oriental fruit fly in the context of climate warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleep disorders are common among pregnant females. However, its association with postpartum depression (PPD) is unknown. We aimed to assess if sleep disorders during pregnancy increase the risk of PPD by a systematic review. The databases of PubMed, CENTRAL, ScienceDirect, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for studies reporting the association between any type of sleep disorder during pregnancy and the risk of PPD. Effect sizes were pooled in a random-effects model. Sixteen studies with data of 12,614 women were included. Meta-analysis indicated that sleep disorders during pregnancy resulted in a statistically significant increased risk of PPD (OR: 2.36 95% CI: 1.72, 2.32). The overall result had high heterogeneity (I2 = 84%). Sub-group analysis based on study location (Asian vs Western), sample size (> 500 vs < 500), depression scale, and PPD assessment time did not change the results. However, we found that only poor sleep quality but not insomnia was associated with PPD. The risk was also increased only with sleep disorders measured in the 3rd trimester but not for the 1st and 2nd trimesters. Evidence suggests that sleep disorders during pregnancy may increase risk of PPD. The risk is high for sleep disorders occurring in the 3rd trimester. Based on these findings, there is a need for thorough screening and subsequent corrective measures to ensure adequate and quality sleep among pregnant females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the precipitation and recrystallization behavior, the precipitation and recrystallization can be concurrently tuned toward the excellent mechanical property. In this study, a synergistically strengthened Co 37 Cr 20 Ni 37 Ti 3 Al 3 high-entropy alloy was developed through concurrent recrystallization and precipitation (CRP) approach. After the treatment, the high-density γ' precipitates were introduced in the matrix, while the fully-recrystallized ultrafine grains and annealing twins were obtained from the recrystallization. Compared with conventional treatment, the CRP-HEA exhibits a superior combination of ~ 1.62GPa tensile strength and ~ 28% elongation, which is attributed to the synergistic strengthening of precipitation and grain boundary. In addition, the deformation mechanisms were characterized by TEM. The cutting-through mechanism dominates the deformation behaviors. Moreover, interesting stacking faults in different slip planes prevail during plastic deformation. The concurrent recrystallization and precipitation for ultra-fine grain structure with nano-precipitates would provide an effective strategy to achieve outstanding combination of strength and ductility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs) have excellent properties with in situ two-phase composites. In EHEAs, the combination of hard and soft phases generates promising applications in the area of wear. Laser remelting modification and heat treatment can be used to further regulate the surface microstructure for the enhancement of surface properties. In this investigation, the surface hardness of Ni32-xCo30Cr10Fe10Al18Tix EHEAs was significantly improved by laser remelting and subsequent aging. It was found that the remelted area of the alloy showed a refined microstructure and the nanoindentation confirmed the increased microhardness from the substrate to the remelted area. The optimal aging process was explored to further strengthen the surface by introducing precipitates while avoiding severe coarsening of the matrix. The surface of the remelted and the aged Ni29Co30Cr10Fe10Al18Ti3 alloy has the highest average microhardness of ~ 620 HV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excellent ductility is crucial not only for shaping but also for strengthening metals and alloys. The ever most widely used eutectic alloys are suffering from the limited ductility and losing competitiveness among advanced structural materials. Here we report a distinctive concept of phase-selective recrystallization to overcome this challenge for eutectic alloys by triggering the strain hardening capacity of the duplex phases completely. We manipulate the strain partitioning behavior of the two phases in a eutectic high-entropy alloy (EHEA) to obtain the phase-selectively recrystallized microstructure with a fully recrystallized soft phase embedded in the skeleton of a hard phase. The resulting microstructure fully releases the strain hardening capacity in EHEA by eliminating the weak boundaries. Our phase-selectively recrystallized EHEA achieves a high ductility of ∼35% uniform elongation with true stress of ∼2 GPa. This concept is universal for various duplex alloys with soft and hard phases and opens new frontiers for traditional eutectic alloys as high-strength metallic materials. The ever most widely used eutectic alloys often suffer from limited ductility. Here the authors propose a distinctive concept of phase-selective recrystallization to significantly improve their ductility and strength and pave the way for new applications of the widespread eutectic alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal interstitial fibrosis is the pathological basis of end-stage renal disease, in which the heterogeneity of macrophages in renal microenvironment plays an important role. However, the molecular mechanisms of macrophage plasticity during renal fibrosis progression remain unclear. In this study, we found for the first time that increased expression of Twist1 in macrophages was significantly associated with the severity of renal fibrosis in IgA nephropathy patients and mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Ablation of Twist1 in macrophages markedly alleviated renal tubular injury and renal fibrosis in UUO mice, accompanied by a lower extent of macrophage infiltration and M2 polarization in the kidney. The knockdown of Twist1 inhibited the chemotaxis and migration of macrophages, at least partially, through the CCL2/CCR2 axis. Twist1 downregulation inhibited M2 macrophage polarization and reduced the secretion of the profibrotic factors Arg-1, MR (CD206), IL-10, and TGF-β. Galectin-3 was decreased in the macrophages of the conditional Twist1-deficient mice, and Twist1 was shown to directly activate galectin-3 transcription. Up-regulation of galectin-3 recovered Twist1-mediated M2 macrophage polarization. In conclusion, Twist1/galectin-3 signaling regulates macrophage plasticity (M2 phenotype) and promotes renal fibrosis. This study could suggest new strategies for delaying kidney fibrosis in patients with chronic kidney disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The MR/FI bimodal imaging has attracted widely studied due to combining the advantages of MRI and FI can bridge gaps in sensitivity and depth between these two modalities. Herein, a novel MR/FI bimodal imaging probe is facile fabricated by coating the Mn-phenolic coordination polymer on the surface of the carbon quantum dots. The structure of the as-prepared nanocomposite probe is carefully validated via SEM, TEM, and XPS. The content of Mn2+ is calculated through the EDS and TGA. The quantum yield (QY) and emission wavelength of the probe are about 7.24% and 490 nm, respectively. The longitudinal r1 value (2.43 mM−1 s−1) with low r2/r1 (4.45) of the probe is obtained. Subsequently, fluorescence and MR imaging are performed. The metabolic pathways in vivo are inferred by studying the bio-distribution of the probe in major organs. Thus, these results indicate that probe would be an excellent dual-modal imaging probe for enhanced MR imaging and fluorescence imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recrystallization has been a major method to induce heterogeneous grain structure for improving the strength–ductility combination of single-phase high-entropy alloys (HEAs). However, the recrystallization kinetics, which are the guideline for controlling the recrystallization behavior, of single-phase HEAs are relatively less explored. Here, we uncover the recrystallization behaviors of typical single-phase NiCoCrFe and Ni2CoCrFe HEAs. Our results showed that the two investigated HEAs exhibit almost similar recrystallization activation energy around 230 kJ·mol−1, but distinctively different recrystallization kinetics. This abnormal difference is attributed to the deformation twins of NiCoCrFe. These findings indicate that, except for textbook factors, deformation twinning significantly enhances the recrystallization behavior of HEAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High myopia is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Myopia progression may lead to pathological changes of lens and affect the outcome of lens surgery, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we find an increased lens size in highly myopic eyes associated with up-regulation of β/γ-crystallin expressions. Similar findings are replicated in two independent mouse models of high myopia. Mechanistic studies show that the transcription factor MAF plays an essential role in up-regulating β/γ-crystallins in high myopia, by direct activation of the crystallin gene promoters and by activation of TGF-β1-Smad signaling. Our results establish lens morphological and molecular changes as a characteristic feature of high myopia, and point to the dysregulation of the MAF-TGF-β1-crystallin axis as an underlying mechanism, providing an insight for therapeutic interventions. High myopia is associated with lens changes, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show increased equatorial diameter of the lens in subjects affected by high myopia, and find that these changes are associated with an increase in crystallin expression driven by the transcription factor MAF and TGF-β1 signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphs have been widely applied in many real applications like knowledge mining of social networks, pattern recognition, biological analysis, etc. However, precise matching for large graphs has been proven to be a NP-hard problem. In the context, an efficient similarity join method is proposed to quickly seek similar candidate graph pairs from a large number of graphs in the paper. It is a new method, where local sensitive hash (LSH) and Minhash are used to sharply reduce the time needed to compare candidate graph pairs as well as improve the quality of similarity matching through graph associated vertex degree matrix. Furthermore, the bound filtering strategy is adopted to avoid invalid comparing between graph pairs, which can improve graph similarity join efficiency. To test the advantages of our method, various experiments on synthetic data and real data were conducted. The results of these experiments illustrate that the method in this paper has both good efficiency and effectiveness. In terms of the running time and the precision of the algorithm, the new method yields better results than the other similar methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming to aid Electric-Power Industry to accurately understand users, hybrid learning model based ensemble learning algorithms for recognizing user to be sensitive to electric charge is proposed in this paper. On the basis of big data presented by CCF competition sponsor in China, with some excellent technology or algorithm such as JieBa, SFFS, etc., we extract many key features from data set and successfully draw a portrait for users who pay close attention to electric charge. Furthermore, machine learning algorithms and the strategy selection model related to them are investigated. The feasibility that hybrid learning model combining several ensemble learning algorithms can substantially improve classification accuracy are proved from theoretical level. Then the details of implementing hybrid learning model are described in the paper. Lastly, the hybrid learning model named Stacking is achieved, which yields better performance in contrast to the state-of-the-art competitors. The experimental results indicate that Stacking has both high precision and recall with 0.8 and 0.85 respectively. Furthermore the F1 score of Stacking evaluation is 0.823. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High entropy alloys (HEAs) have shown many unique properties and have been attracting more attention during the past decade. However, the investigations of HEAs have mainly focused on bulk materials. Nanoparticles or quantum dots have shown outstanding properties and yielded very interesting and varied applications; thus, we believe that making nanoscale HEAs will generate more interesting phenomena. Preparing HEA nanoparticles is limited because of the difficulties in the simultaneous reduction of different precursors during the co-reduction reaction. In this article, we prepared crystalline HEA nanoparticles ranging from several to 20 nanometers in diameter. Composition analysis confirmed that all component elements distribute uniformly in a single nanoparticle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though the strengthening effect of σ and μ phases in CoCrFeNiMox high entropy alloys has been confirmed, the selection of these two phases remains unclear, which restricts the further strengthening design. In this study, microstructures and phase compositions of CoCrFeNiMox (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) alloys were investigated through annealing at 600, 750, 900, 1000 °C for 7 days and 1080 °C for 3 days, respectively. Based on the experiment results, a (CoCrFeNi)-Mo phase selection diagram was drawn and compared with the calculated isopleth phase diagram of (CoCrFeNi)-Mo. The results indicate that the selection of σ and μ phases depends on the content of Mo greatly. Due to the limited prediction of phase selection and transformation by the isopleth phase diagram of (CoCrFeNi)-Mo, we design a (CoFeNi)-Mo-Cr isothermal phase diagram to reveal the transformation between σ and μ phases and their selections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These authors contributed equally: Xiangjia Zhu, Yu Du, Dan Li, Jie Xu Correction to: I Nature Communications i https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22041-2, published online 08 April 2021 In this article, the grant numbers 81790643 and 82121003 relating to the National Natural Science Foundation of the People's Republic of China were omitted. In addition, the affiliation details for Zhenglin Yang were incorrectly given as 'Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China' but should have been 'Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and the Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China'. and 'Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China'. Author Correction: Aberrant TGF- 1 signaling activation by MAF underlies pathological lens growth in high myopia. [Extracted from the article]

This study reports the improved performance of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells by inserting ZnS layer between the TiO film and CdS/CdSe quantum dots. An energy conversion efficiency of 2.84 % was attained. The enhancement introduced by inserting ZnS in moderation was attributed to the promoted nucleation of CdS QDs and enhanced light harvesting, as well as the improved electron transport at the interface in the photoanode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zirconia-palladium (ZrO-Pd) core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized by two different methods, namely, hydrothermal and common precipitation method. A non-ionic surfactant polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as dispersant while ammonia solution as precipitator to fabricate the zirconia core particles, on which the palladium shell was subsequently forming by reducing palladium nitrate with an eco-friendly reductant-ascorbic acid. A mechanical blending method was applied to fabricate the three-way catalysts (TWCs). The physicochemical properties of ZrO-Pd nanoparticles and catalytic performance of each catalyst were systematically studied and compared. The scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy-energy diffraction X-ray, BET, X-ray diffraction of the ZrO or the ZrO-Pd nanoparticles results clarified that ZrO-Pd core-shell nanoparticles with high dispersion and surface area were successfully prepared through hydrothermal method. A higher content of Pd was obtained in catalysts fabricated by hydrothermal method according to the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry results. The CO pulse adsorption, H-temperature-programmed reduction results and catalytic tests indicated that the aged catalysts (calcined at 1000 °C) possessed the higher active component dispersion, lower reduction temperature and performed the higher catalytic activity than the fresh catalysts (calcined at 550 °C), especially for that with ZrO-Pd core-shell nanoparticles synthesized through hydrothermal method. Thus, the ZrO-Pd core-shell structure can significantly enhance the thermal stability of TWCs. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rhodamine nitroxide probe was designed to detect the hydroxyl radical (·OH), which presented high selectivity for ·OH over other reactive oxygen species (ROS) and linear fluorescence response to ·OH produced by Fenton reaction. The product was detected by HPLC-MS, indicating that the main product of the reaction was O-methylhydroxylamine and the product peak areas measured by HPLC-UV/vis and HPLC-FLD both enhanced proportionally with the increase of ·OH concentration. The application of the probe in biological system was explored to trace the production of ·OH in cells under oxidative stress condition induced by rotenone which can inhibit the mitochondria respiratory chain complex I and we found that appropriate rotenone may induce the normal human liver cells (L02) and human hepatoma cells (HepG2) to produce ·OH at different degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NiO nanosheets were prepared by a facile and template-free hydrothermal process using l-arginine as the alternative precipitator and nickel sulfate as the nickel source. The as-synthesized materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, N adsorption-desorption, and the electrochemical workstation. The results show that the novel NiO material possesses a large surface area of 121 m/g and binary pore structure of micropore and mesopore. The electrochemical tests show that the NiO electrode exhibits a specific capacitance as large as 300 F/g at the current density of 1 A/g and the specific capacitance retention can maintain 84% after 500 cycles at the current density of 15 A/g in 6 mol/L KOH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical flower-like NiO microsphere was successfully synthesized by a simple one-step template-free hydrothermal process, using l-lysine as precipitator and nickel sulfate as nickel source. The as-synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, and the electrochemical workstation. The electrochemical results show that the flower-like NiO microspheres exhibit specific capacitance as large as 324 F g at the current density of 2 A g and the specific capacitance retention can maintain 83 % after 1,000 cycles at the current density of 20 A g in 6 M KOH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) can be classified as secretory (FGF1-10 and FGF15-23) or intracellular non-secretory forms (FGF11-14). Secretory forms of FGF and their receptors are best known for their regulatory roles in cell growth, differentiation and morphogenesis in the early stages of neural development. However, the functions of intracellular FGFs remain to be explored. FGF12 and FGF14 are found to interact with voltage-gated sodium channels, and regulate the channel activity in neurons. FGF13 is expressed in primary sensory neurons, and is colocalized with sodium channels at the nodes of Ranvier along the myelinated afferent fibers. FGF13 is also expressed in cerebral cortical neurons during the late developmental stage. A recent study showed that FGF13 is a microtubule-stabilizing protein required for regulating the neuronal development in the cerebral cortex. Thus, non-secretory forms of FGF appear to have important roles in the brain, and it would be interesting to further investigate the functions of intracellular FGFs in the nervous system and in neural diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the most important soil components, montmorillonite plays a vital role in transport and retention of organic pollutants in soils. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), an antibiotic of fluoroquiolones, has been frequently detected in water and soil environments due to its wide use in human and veterinary medicine. In this study, the adsorption of CIP onto different homoionic montmorillonite such as Na-, Ca- and Al-MMT was investigated, and the influence of types and charges of exchangeable cations in the interlayer of montmorillonite on CIP adsorption was evaluated. The results showed that different homoionic montmorillonite exhibited different sorption capacity of CIP. At pH 3, the sorption capacity of CIP decreased in the order Na-MMT > Ca-MMT > Al-MMT, following the lyotropic series. When solution pH increased to 11, the sorption capacity of CIP followed the order Ca-MMT > Al-MMT > Na-MMT. Accompanying CIP adsorption on Ca-MMT, a certain amount of Ca was released into solution. Compared to pH 3, the lower Ca concentration in solution at pH 11 indicated that the adsorption of CIP on Ca-MMT at strong alkaline pH was no longer via cation exchange, and surface complexation or cation bridging might contribute to CIP adsorption. The adsorption of CIP on Na- and Ca-MMT at pH 3 and 11 resulted in the expansion of d-spacing, indicative of intercalation of CIP into the interlayer space of the montmorillonite. However, a decrease of d-spacing was observed when CIP adsorbed on Al-MMT at pH 11, which might be attributed to the dissolution of Al-CIP complex formed between CIP and Al in the interlayer of montmorillonite. The results suggest that the types and charges of exchangeable cations in the interlayer of montmorillonite play an important role in CIP adsorption on montmorillonite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grass pea ( Lathyrus sativus L.) is the most drought-tolerant legume crop rich in dietary protein. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of its drought resistance. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) is an important experiment technique in proteomics, which has been applied extensively in studies on plant resistance to abiotic stress. To establish an effective 2-DE platform and further study the drought-resistance mechanisms of grass pea using proteomic approaches, three protein extraction methods, different isoelectric focusing (IEF) conditions and various types of gel strips were evaluated using mature leaves. The results showed that the trichloroacetic acid (TCA)/acetone protein extraction method, extending time at low voltage for IEF and using 18 cm gel strip with pH 4.0-7.0 were optimum conditions for 2-DE analysis of grass pea leaves. Applying these optimized 2-DE conditions, 1,481 total protein spots were detected in control leaves and 1,346 spots in polyethylene glycol -treated leaves, of which 67 differentially expressed protein spots were obtained relative to the control. These data suggested that an efficient 2-DE platform with high repeatability and resolution for grass pea mature leaves had been established for the first time here, which could be further used to investigate the drought-resistance molecular mechanisms of grass pea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eutectic high entropy alloys (EHEAs) exhibit excellent mechanical properties in the as-cast condition. In this paper, Mo element was chosen to further strengthen the EHEAs by solid solution strengthening. The microstructures, phase compositions and mechanical properties of Co30Cr10Fe10Al18Ni32 − xMox (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) alloys were investigated. It was found that Mo acts as a solid solution strengthening element in the face-centered cubic (FCC) and body-centered cubic (BCC) phases. Meanwhile, Mo can promote the formation of the primary BCC phase. Among all alloys, the alloy with Mo (x = 2) has the highest fracture tensile strength of 1250 MPa and the acceptable elongation of 14%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/srep34628 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]