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In the present study, the out-of-phase thermomechanical fatigue (OP-TMF) behavior of a cast aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, the A356.0 alloy which has been widely used in diesel engine cylinder heads, is compared to room-temperature and high-temperature low cycle fatigue (RT-, HT-LCF) behaviors. For this purpose, strain/temperature-controlled isothermal and non-isothermal fatigue tests were performed based on realistic loading conditions in cylinder heads. Fatigue tests results showed that the plastic strain increased during cycles under constant mechanical strain amplitude, while the specimen failed. Under LCF loadings, the cyclic hardening occurred at low temperatures for the A356.0 alloy and the cyclic softening occurred at high temperatures, as it was also observed in TMF tests. The radial and longitudinal temperature gradients during TMF tests were almost 2 and 3°C, respectively. Comparing stress-strain hysteresis loops, tensile stresses at minimum temperatures under TMF loadings were more than tensile stresses at LCF cases, due to the out-of-phase loading condition in TMF tests. In this state, maximum temperatures occurred within compressive regimes and minimum temperatures occurred at tensile loads. In general, TMF lifetimes were less than LCF ones due to severe conditions and the temperature deviation in TMF tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is indispensable for the viability of melanocytic cells, is an oncogene in melanoma and has a cell type-specific expression pattern. As the modulation of MITF activity by direct chemical targeting remains a challenge, we assessed a panel of drugs for their ability to downregulate MITF expression or activity by targeting its upstream modulators. We found that the multi-kinase inhibitors midostaurin and sunitinib downregulate MITF protein levels. To identify the target molecules shared by both the drugs in melanocytic cells, a chemical proteomic approach was applied and AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) was identified as the relevant target for the observed phenotype. RNA interference and chemical inhibition of AMPK led to a decrease in MITF protein levels. Reduction of MITF protein levels was the result of proteasomal degradation, which was preceded by enhanced phosphorylation of MITF mediated by ERK. As expected, downregulation of MITF protein levels by AMPK inhibition was associated with decreased viability. Together, these results identify AMPK as an important regulator for the maintenance of MITF protein levels in melanocytic cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

KRAS mutation testing is mandatory for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who are eligible for treatment with an epidermal growth factor receptor targeting agent, since tumors with a mutation are not sensitive to the drug. Several methods for mutation testing are in use and the need for external quality assurance has been demonstrated. An often little addressed but important issue in external quality assurance schemes is a low percentage of tumor cells in the test samples, where the analytical sensitivity of most tests becomes critical. Using artificial samples based on a mixture of cell lines with known mutation status of the KRAS gene, we assessed the reliability of a series of commonly used methods (Sanger sequencing, high resolution melting, pyrosequencing, and amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction) on samples with 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 % mutated cells. Nine laboratories throughout Europe participated and submitted a total of ten data sets. The limit of detection of each method differed, ranging from >15-5 % tumor cells. All methods showed a decreasing correct mutation call rate proportionally with decreasing percentage of tumor cells. Our findings indicate that laboratories and clinicians need to be aware of the decrease in correct mutation call rate proportionally with decreasing percentage of tumor cells and that external quality assurance schemes need to address the issue of low tumor cell percentage in the test samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Describes the inhibition of tumor growth by the in situ production of phage-derived anti-laminin single-chain human antibody fragments blocking functionally active sites of cell-associated matrices. Gene therapy; Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography; Inhibition of angiogenesis.

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Copyright of Il Nuovo Cimento: B is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This pilot study includes 115 consecutive patients admitted in the period from 1978 to 1981. Patients eligible for this study were at high risk according to the TNM classification with stages pT1-pT3 and pN+, MO. Primary therapy included modified radical mastectomy and axillary-node clearance, one or more ipsilateral nodes being involved in routine histology. All tumors were assayed for estrogen and progesterone receptors. According to the result of the estrogen receptor assay, estrogen-receptor-positive patients were treated with Tamoxifen 30 mg/day for a period of 2 years. Estrogen-receptor-negative patients were treated with cytoxan, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil or adriblastin, cytoxan. After a median observation time of 36 months, overall there have been 31 recurrences: 9=17.3% in the estrogen-receptor-positive group and 22=34.9% in the estrogen-receptor-negative group. The analysis of different subgroups showed no significant differences, either in relation to axillary lymph-node status or in relation to menopausal status in the endocrine-treated compared with the polychemotherapy group. This result suggests, especially in the subgroup of patients with involvement of one to three axillary nodes, that estrogen-receptor-positive and estrogen-receptor-negative patients should be considered as separate groups when adjuvant therapy is indicated. Possibly hormone-receptor-positive patients may benefit from endocrine therapy and do not need polychemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the CELLO detector, we have measured cross sections for the process γγ→ π π in the mass range 0.75-1.9 GeV/c. A partial wave fit to the data indicates the presence of a sizeable S-wave amplitude with signs of resonant behaviour. Values for the γγ width of the f(1270) are given, showing the model-dependence of this quantity. At higher dipion masses, the model of Brodsky and Lepage is found to give an order of magnitude description of the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have measured the cross section and Q-dependence of the reaction γγ→ multihadrons, using the CELLO detector at DESY, for visible final-state masses between 4 and 9 GeV. The data are well fitted by an incoherent sum of Generalised Vector Meson Dominance and Quark Parton Model terms, but at low Q require the addition of a third component which resembles the QPM but is less two-jet-like. With and without this term, the GVDM cross section at Q=0 is found to be 200±20 and 250±25 nb, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have studied the reaction e e→ e e using data taken by the CELLO detector at 35 GeV centre of mass energy with an integrated luminosity of 86 pb. The differential cross section is found to agree with the Standard Model and is used to set limits on possible deviations from the pointlike structure of the electron. The lower limits obtained for the compositeness scale Λ range from 0.8 to 6.0 TeV (95% C.L.), depending on the structure of the current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differential cross section data of the CELLO experiment on pair production of muons, taus, and heavy quarks in e e-annihilation are presented and analysed, together with our data on Bhabha scattering, in terms of compositeness effects characterized by the mass scale Λ. We discuss difficulties in the combination of limits Λ from different experiments. The appropriate parameter to combine different results turns out to be ɛ=±1/ Λ, which is in contrast to Λ Gaussian distributed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present measurement of the πγγ, ηγγ and η′γγ form factors. The π-form factor is for the first time observed in the space-like region. The transition form factor of the η-meson is determined from its decay modes πππ, ππγ and the neutral decay mode γγ. The decay of the η′ is observed in the decay channels ργ, ηππ with η→γγ and in the four charged prong final state stemming from ηππ with the η decaying into ππ(π/γ). All form factors agree well with a simple ρ-pole predicted by the vector meson dominance model and also with the QCD inspired Brodsky-Lepage model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have studied the ρ production rate in the reaction ξξ→3π3π in the energy range 1.6≦ W≦7.5 GeV with the CELLO detector at PETRA. Our analysis points to a substantial yield of ρρππ events in particular at W>4.0 GeV. We give cross sections for the ρ2π2π and ρρππ final states and calculate upper limits for the reaction γγ→ρρ (1700) →ρρππ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of b and c quarks in e e annihilation has been studied with the CELLO detector in the range from 35 GeV up to the highest PETRA energies. The heavy quarks have been tagged by their semileptonic decays. The charge asymmetries for b quarks at 35 and 43 GeV have been found to be A=−(22.2±8.1)% and A=−(49.1±16.5)%, respectively, using a method incorporating jet variables and their correlations for the separation of the heavy quarks from the back ground of the lighter quarks. For c quarks we obtain A=−(12.9±8.8)% and A=+(7.7±14.0)%, respectively. The axial vector coupling constants of the heavy quarks c and b are found to be a=+(0.29±0.46) and a=−(1.15±0.41) taking $$B^0 \overline {B^0 } $$ mixing into account. The results are in agreement with the expectations from the standard model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have measured the inclusive production of γ, π and η in e e annihilation at the center of mass energy of 35 GeV. The differential cross sections, extended to the kinematical limit and measured with high accuracy, are found to be in good agreement with previously reported results. Using the measured spectra we determine the average multiplicity for each of these particle species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present high precision results from an analysis of all major τ branching ratios, determined simultaneously in the same experiment. The results are based on 6064 τ decays observed at $$\sqrt s = 35 GeV$$ , using the CELLO detector at PETRA. The sum of the measured exclusive branching ratios saturates the total τ decay width. In a comparison with the topological branching ratios measured recently by CELLO, the sums of the respective exclusive branching ratios are found to saturate the inclusive fractions. Our results are in good general agreement with existing measurements. However, the decay fractions for τ→πππ v, and π→πππ v are larger than the present world averages. All measured branching ratios are in good agreement with the expectations from a standard τ lepton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction e e→ e eπππ in the untagged mode has been measured with the CELLO detector at PETRA. The cross section is dominated by exclusive a(1320) production, whose radiative width is determined to be Γ=1.00±0.07(stat.)±0.15(syst.)keV. An angular correlation analysis indicates pure helicity 2 with an upper limit on the helicity 0 contribution of 8.2% (at 95% c.l.). Excitation of the pseudotensor meson π(1670) is observed for the first time in this reaction. The π radiative width and its dependence on interference effects are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an analysis of strange particle production from e e annihilation into multihadronic final states. The experiment was performed with the CELLO detector at the PETRA storage ring at DESY, the data was taken at a centre of mass energy of 35 GeV with an integrated luminosity of 86 pb. The particles K, K and Λ have been identified by their characteristic decays, and differential cross sections for their production have been obtained. From a comparison of K and K rates the Lund vector meson suppression parameter V/(V+P) has been determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multihadronic events measured with the CELLO detector in the energy range 14 to 46 GeV have been analyzed in terms of thrust, jet masses and the asymmetry of the energy-energy correlation. The data have been compared with 2nd order QCD calculations. From a study of the general properties of fragmentation effects, model-independent limits on Λ and α have been found to be 79 MeV < Λ < 628 MeV and 0.117 < α < 0.169 (at $$\sqrt s = 35$$ GeV). The dependence of these results on the renormalization scheme is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three reactions e e→ e eee, e e → e e μμ and e e →μμμ μ have been studied using the CELLO detector at PETRA. The data correspond to 130 pb collected at energies ranging from 35 GeV to 46.8 GeV. A detailed analysis of the distribution of the observed events in phase space shows good agreement with QED to order α. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the reaction γγ→ K K resonance production of the f is observed. For the radiative with $$\Gamma _{\gamma \gamma } .B(f'_2 \to K\bar K) = 0.11_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.03} \pm 0.02keV$$ is found. The small number of events in the f , a mass region is consistent with the assumption of destructive f − a interference. From the mass distribution we determine the relative phases between the tensor mesons. Upper limits on the radiative widths of the glueball candidates f (1720) and X (2220) are derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have searched for resonance production in the reaction γγ→ K Kπ. No signal was found for the η and an upper limit for the radiative with $$\Gamma _{\gamma \gamma }^{\eta _c } $$ keV (95% c.l.) is obtained. For the glueball candidate η(1440) (previously i) the upper limit $$\Gamma _{\gamma \gamma }^{\eta (1440)} B(\eta (1440) \to K\bar K\pi )< 1.2keV(95\% c.l.)$$ is derived. In the tagged data sample resonance formation of a spin 1 state at 1420 MeV is observed, which is absent in the untagged data. The mass and width of this state are consistent with those of the f(1420); an analysis of decay angular distributions favours positive parity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A search for new leptons, charged and neutral, produced in e e collisions at an average c.m. energy of 44.2 GeV, has been carried out with the CELLO detector at PETRA. No such particles have been observed: we exclude pair production of new charged leptons at the 95% C.L. in the mass range 1.5-22.0 GeV/c and of neutral leptons in the mass range 3.1-18.0 GeV/c. Single production of a heavy neutrino together with a standard neutrino has also been studied; we exclude an electron-like neutral lepton in the mass ranges 0.6-34.6 GeV/c for V- A coupling to the W boson, and 0.4-37.4 GeV/c for V+ A coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mass limits are presented for various supersymmetric particles: scalar partners of electrons, muons, taus and quarks; photinos, winos and zinos. They were obtained from the analysis of an exposure of 48.6 pb of the CELLO detector at the PETRA e e storage ring up to a center of mass energy of 46.8 GeV. Special attention has been given to the case where the photino is assumed to be the lightest supersymmetric particle, but other possibilities have also been considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multihadron events resulting from e e annihilation at the Υ-resonance are analysed with respect to lowest order QCD which predicts a dominant Υ decay into three vector gluons. Smearing effects due to the gluon fragmentation are so large, however, that no clear 3-jet structure or flatness is expected in the hadron final state. Instead, Monte Carlo simulations predict event structures with thrust and triplicity distributions distinctly different from those of two quark-jet and of phase space like decay mechanisms. The data are in perfect agreement with the 3-vector gluon decay as predicted by QCD and exclude dominantly phase space like or 2-quark jet decays. Also, the decay into scalar gluons is excluded by the data. An upper limit for the Υ-decay into one photon and two gluons is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have studied the τ→ νρ π decay in data taken with the PLUTO detector at the DORIS e e storage ring, at CM energies from 4 to 5 GeV. We have found 27 events with the τ→ νρ π decay mode corresponding to a branching ratio of B=(5.4±1.7)%. The Dalitz plot and the ρ π mass spectrum are analysed for the ρπ partial wave and spin state. Only the ρ π s-wave as produced by the axial vector current gives a good description. The ρ π mass spectrum is suggestive of an A resonance. An upper limit on τ→ vπ π π without ρ formation is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of in-beam investigations of 113 Sn using the (p,n), (p,3n), (α,n) and (α,2n) reactions are summarized. Excited states have been identified until Ex = 4715 MeV and Jπ = (27/2t -). For a large number of levels mean lifetimes τ have been determined with the DSA method. For the Jk = 25/2+ state at Ex = 4059 MeV, τ = 1.0(4) ns has been measured with the γ-RF method. The experimental results are compared with the predictions of shell-model calculations. Most of the positive-parity states may be considered as one-or three-quasiparticle neutron excitations of the 2d5/2, 1g7/2, 3s1/2 and 2d3/2 shells, the negative-parity states as the coupling of one 1h11/2 neutron to the two- or four-quasiparticle neutron excitations in the even-mass 112Sn core. For the 25/2+ isomer the three-quasiparticle neutron configuration ν(h112/2 g72/−1) has been proposed on the basis of a shell-model analysis using the mass-formula formalism. The experimentally observed yrast states in 50113Sn63 are compared with the corresponding states in the valence mirror nucleus 63145Eu82 giving remarkable similarities although the parameters for the shell-model calculations differ considerably. The analysis of nearest-neighbour spacing distributions of experimentally obtained 5/2+ states in 113Sn does not allow definite conclusions about regularity or chaos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-lying states of the N=50 nucleusRb have been investigated in the ( α, α') reaction measuring γγ- and delayed γ-rf-coincidences. A half-life of T=6(1) ns was obtained for the level at 1578.1 keV. This experimental result confirms the 9/2 assignment and the proton 1g single-particle character of this state. Experimental M2 transition strengths inRb are compared with predictions of the shell model and the particle-core coupling model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excited states ofSe have been investigated up to spin, 21/2 using techniques of in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy in connection with theGe( α, n) reaction. Mean lifetimes of 12 levels have been determined applying Doppler-shift and γ-RF-methods. Five different bands have been identified that reflect a variety of different excitation modes. The decoupled 9/2 band is likely to correspond to an oblate deformation while the 5/2 band is interpreted as a strongly coupled prolate band built on the Nilsson configuration [422] 5/2. The 3/2 band is a strongly coupled band built on the [301] 3/2 configuration. Nuclear reactions:Ge(α,n), E=14, 16, 18, 19, 20MeV; measured E, I,σ( E, θ), γγ-coin, linear polarization, DSA, γ(t).Se deduced levels, I, π, τ, δ(E2/M1), B(σλ). Enriched targets, Ge detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excited states inRb have been studied via theSe(Li, 4 n) reaction by using in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy. On the basis of new experimental data on coincidence relations, angular distributions and linear polarizations of the γ-rays the yrast sequence has been extended up to a 33/2 level at 7.1 MeV excitation energy. Using the DSA method mean lifetimes have been determined for 9 levels. Above the 21/2 yrast state 5 fast M1 transitions with B (M 1) ≧0.3 W.u. have been identified. They are interpreted as transitions between recoupled states of the configuration πgν(g) or πg(f/−1p)ν(g). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using methods of in-beam spectroscopy in connection with 35 MeVLi bombardment ofSe targets four new isomers have been identified. They are observed inBr at 3070 keV (T=0.6±0.2 μs), inRb at 2826 keV (T=12.5±0.6 ns), inKr at 1991 keV (T=1.2+ μs) and inKr at 2250 keV (T=3.1±0.6 ns). Spin and parity 19/2 have been assigned to the new isomer inRb that is interpreted as the coupling of a p proton to the g two-neutron excitation of the N=48 neutron system. Using the TDPAD method an upper limit for the g-factor of ¦g¦≦0.17 has been estimated for this isomer. The same two-neutron excitation is also believed to be responsible for the new isomer inBr. The new isomers inKr andKr are interpreted as configurations containing the two-proton excitation (f, p) where in the isomeric 17/2 level ofKr an additional g neutron hole is involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excited states inSe have been studied up to spin (12)ℏ at about 5.8 MeV in theGe( α, 2 n) reaction using in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy. Mean lifetimes could be determined for 27 of the 33 levels observed by applying Doppler shift and pulsed-beam timing methods. According to the B( E2) values most of the levels have been grouped into collective bands. Irregularities in the level spacings of the yrast band above spin 6ℏ are interpreted to be due to the interaction of the ground state band with g two-proton and two-neutron excitations. The mutual mixing of these configurations is reflected by strong M 1 transitions between the mixed states. The interaction strengths between the configurations involved have been estimated from three-band mixing calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Levels inBr andBr have been investigated up to spin 21/2 and 10 ħ, respectively, on the basis of in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy in α and deuteron induced reactions. InBr a 3-quasiparticle ( qp) band built on a (13/2) level at 2.55 MeV has been established besides the bands built on the p and g proton excitations. The 3 qp configuration is interpreted to include at least one g proton. The structures observed in the doublyodd nucleusBr are associated with g proton and/or neutron excitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excited states of the doubly-odd nucleusBr have been studied via the reactionsSe( p, n),Se( d,2 n) andSe( α, pn) using in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy. A positiveparity level sequence built on a I=5 state at 331.04 keV has been found up to spin (10). For this 5 level de-exciting to the known 5 isomeric state and for the 6 level at 357.22 keV half-lives of 0.7 and 0.4 ns, respectively, have been determined. Negativeparity states have been observed up to spin (6). For the positive-parity level sequence the configuration ( πg, vg) and collective excitations are proposed. Some of the negative-parity states are tentatively interpreted as arising from the configurations ( πp, vg) and ( πp, ( vg)). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The doubly-odd nucleusTa is investigated by means of in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy techniques using the reactions ( α, 3 n), ( d, 2 n) and ( p, n). Life-time measurements in the ns-region yield low-lying isomeric states with T=13±1 ns and 30.5±1 ns, while measurements in the ms-region show the existence of a 1.1±0.1 ms isomeric state. A rotational sequence, with K=5 or 6 for the band-head, is also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Archiv für Gynäkologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archiv für Gynäkologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)