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Knowledge exchange is a broad and consequential undertaking, analysed by diverse scholars, and rapidly growing as a field of academic practice. Its remit is to strengthen ties between research generators and users to support better material outcomes for society. This review paper considers how this increasingly codified academic field might engage with the research-practice concerns identified in the Indigenous and decolonial literature. We do so by bringing the two literature sets together for analysis, noting they are not mutually exclusive. We reveal how addressing discrimination towards Indigenous peoples from within the knowledge exchange field requires a fundamental reconsideration of the biases that run through the field's structures and processes. We prioritise two connected framing assumptions for shifting—jurisdictional and epistemological. The first shift requires a repositioning of Indigenous peoples as political–legal entities with societies, territories, laws and customs. The second shift requires engagement with Indigenous expert knowledge seriously on its own terms, including through greater understanding about expert knowledge creation with nature. These shifts require taking reflexivity much further than grasped possible or appropriate by most of the knowledge exchange literature. To assist, we offer heuristic devices, including illustrative examples, summary figures, and different questions from which to start the practice of knowledge exchange. Our focus is environmental research practice in western Anglophone settler-colonial and imperial contexts, with which we are most familiar, and where there is substantial knowledge exchange literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New Zealand's iconic, flightless and endangered species of kiwi (Apterygidae) are at risk of extinction on the mainland due to predation by introduced mammals. In order to provide effective conservation management a robust understanding of genetic variation in the group is needed. Recent genomic analyses of kiwi suggest that several cryptic and as yet undescribed lineages occur in the South Island, most notably within a taxon that has until now been called Apteryx australis australis, the South Island Brown Kiwi or Tokoeka. In order for these lineages to be formally described and treated as separate conservation units it is first necessary to determine from which lineage of Tokoeka the holotype was collected. To determine this, we generated a near complete mitochondrial genome and nuclear SNP dataset for the holotype and compared these with living kiwi populations. Our results definitively assign the holotype to the Stewart Island population of brown kiwi which until now was recognized as a distinct subspecies Apteryx australis lawyri (Rothschild, 1893). This leads us to synonymize Apteryx lawryi Rothschild, 1893 within Apteryx australis Shaw, 1813. As the holotype was collected by sealers in the early 19th century, the result also provides a novel insight into the activities of early sealers in New Zealand. New names for taxa will need to be erected for any mainland South Island taxa described, because there are no scientific names available for taxonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) bind to and post-transcriptionally regulate the stability of mRNAs. La-related protein 1 (LARP1) is a conserved RBP that interacts with poly-A-binding protein and is known to regulate 5′-terminal oligopyrimidine tract (TOP) mRNA translation. Here, we show that LARP1 is complexed to 3000 mRNAs enriched for cancer pathways. A prominent member of the LARP1 interactome is mTOR whose mRNA transcript is stabilized by LARP1. At a functional level, we show that LARP1 promotes cell migration, invasion, anchorage-independent growth and in vivo tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we show that LARP1 expression is elevated in epithelial cancers such as cervical and non-small cell lung cancers, where its expression correlates with disease progression and adverse prognosis, respectively. We therefore conclude that, through the post-transcriptional regulation of genes such as mTOR within cancer pathways, LARP1 contributes to cancer progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/hypothesis: Although skeletal muscle insulin resistance has been associated with activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), whether increased JNK activity causes insulin resistance in this organ is not clear. In this study we examined the metabolic consequences of isolated JNK phosphorylation in muscle tissue. Methods: Plasmids containing genes encoding a wild-type JNK1 (WT- JNK) or a JNK1/JNKK2 fusion protein (rendering JNK constitutively active; CA- Jnk) were electroporated into one tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of C57Bl/6 mice, with the contralateral TA injected with an empty vector (CON) to serve as a within-animal control. Results: Overproduction of WT-JNK resulted in a modest (∼25%) increase in phosphorylation (Thr/Tyr) of JNK, but no differences were observed in Ser phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) or total IRS-1 protein, nor in insulin-stimulated glucose clearance into the TA muscle when comparing WT- JNK with CON. By contrast, overexpression of CA- Jnk, which markedly increased the phosphorylation of CA-JNK, also increased serine phosphorylation of IRS-1, markedly decreased total IRS-1 protein, and decreased insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (Tyr) and phosphorylation of Akt at (Ser and Thr) compared with CON. Moreover, overexpression of CA- Jnk decreased insulin-stimulated glucose clearance into the TA muscle compared with CON and these effects were observed without changes in intramuscular lipid species. Conclusions/interpretation: Constitutive activation of JNK in skeletal muscle impairs insulin signalling at the level of IRS-1 and Akt, a process which results in the disruption of normal glucose clearance into the muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of static stretching on peak torque (PT), the joint angle at PT, mean power output (MP), electromyographic (EMG) amplitude, and mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitude of the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles during maximal, voluntary concentric isokinetic leg extensions at 60 and 240 degrees x s(-1) of the stretched and unstretched limbs. Twenty-one volunteers [mean age (SD) 21.5 (1.3) years] performed maximal, voluntary concentric isokinetic leg extensions for the dominant and non-dominant limbs at 60 and 240 degrees x s(-1). Surface EMG (muVrms) and MMG (mVrms) signals were recorded from the VL and RF muscles during the isokinetic tests. PT (Nm), the joint angle at PT, and MP (W) were calculated by a dynamometer. Following the initial isokinetic tests, the dominant leg extensors were stretched using four static stretching exercises. After the stretching, the isokinetic tests were repeated. PT decreased (P< or =0.05) from pre- to post-stretching for the stretched limb at 60 and 240 degrees x s(-1) and for the unstretched limb at 60 degrees x s(-1). EMG amplitude of the VL and RF also decreased (P< or =0.05) from pre- to post-stretching for the stretched and unstretched limbs. There were no stretching-induced changes (P>0.05) for the joint angle at PT, MP, or MMG amplitude. These findings indicated stretching-induced decreases in force production and muscle activation. The decreases in PT and EMG amplitude for the unstretched limb suggested that the stretching-induced decreases may be due to a central nervous system inhibitory mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, particularly the anthracyclines, are known to be cardiotixic, but toxic effects on the aorta have not previously been documented. In this study, diameters of ascending and descending thoracic aortae were measured by computerized tomography in 69 patients with lymphoma, before and after first-line treatment with one of 7 different regimes. Minor increases in aortic diameter over the study period due to the aging process were expected. These increases were greater than anticipated in both the ascending and the descending aortae after chemotherapy with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) and CVP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone) regimes. Smaller changes, or changes which were not statistically significant, were noted after MVPP (mustine, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisolone), ChlVPP (chlorambucil, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisolone), ChlVP (chlorambucil, vincristine and prednisolone), mediastinal radiotherapy, and radiotherapy plus MVPP (MVPP/XRT). Cardiovascular damage associated with certain forms of cytotoxic therapy is not confined to the heart, but also affects the aorta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Student motivation and knowledge restructuring are examined in the light of experience with engineering design projects. The work is related to existing experience with a broad range of observations resulting from educational experiments. The results of student responses to project work clearly identify concepts which are avoided by students when solving engineering problems. It is conjectured that these orphan concepts provide signposts to a better learning environment. The students' responses also suggest that working in a familiar environment, where an informal knowledge base already exists, is a strong positive motivator for knowledge restructuring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Insectes Sociaux is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Insectes Sociaux is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect of three different concentrations of inositol viz. 0,1/10,000 and 1/5,000 on the growth and nodulation of diploid and tetraploid strains of white clover ( Trifolium repens) was tested in pot culture with two different types of application, (a) watering on the soil surface, and (b) spraying on to the aerial parts of the plant. It was found that treatment with inositol significantly increased the average number of nodules produced per plant, with the increase being greater in the case of watered applications than of spray applications. The diploid plants regularly produced more nodules than tetraploid plants. Both maximal nodule size and average nodule size were significantly increased by inositol treatment, as was the average dry weight per plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of different concentrations of colchicine and indolyl acetic acid (IAA) on diploid and tetraploid strains of red clover ( Trifolium pratense) and white clover ( Trifolium repens) was tested in both non-sterile pot culture and in aseptic culture. It was found that in pot culture, concentrations of one in ten thousand and one in five thousand colchicine considerably increased nodulation of both the diploid and the tetraploid plants. This was equally true of red and white clovers. In aseptic culture a concentration of one in five thousand had adverse effects on growth of white clover plants though concentrations of one ppm colchicine or one in ten thousand colchicine again produced higher nodule numbers than untreated, control plants. This was regarded as probably due to a slower breakdown of the colchicine in aseptic culture than in the soil. In aseptic culture, even concentrations as low as one ppm indolyl acetic acid in the medium almost completely inhibited nodule formation and growth of white clover plants, but in non sterile pot culture a concentration of one in ten thousand IAA caused a slight increase in nodule number over those of controls, though a concentration of one in five thousand caused a slight depression. Possible interpretations of these results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effectiveness of three different strains of Rhizobium trifolii on a diploid and a tetraploid variety of red clover ( Trifolium pratense) grown in aseptic mineral-agar culture was compared. It was found that with two of the rhizobial strains tested, the tetraploid plants were slower to nodulate than the diploid plants, but that a hundred per cent nodulation was obtained in both cases. With the third strain, however, a sixty-six per cent nodulation of the diploid plants was reduced to an eight per cent nodulation of the tetraploids. In general, over a given period, fewer nodules were formed on the tetraploid plants, but these tended to be larger than on the diploids. The fresh weight of the tetraploid plants always exceeded that of the diploids, but less so in cases of poorly nodulated plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe an unusual case of cutaneous necrosis of the nasal tip presenting to a facial reconstructive surgeon. The patient had developed this painless necrosis over a period of about 10 days. Her past medical history included rheumatoid arthritis. She described an exacerbation of her arthritic symptoms in the weeks preceding the development of the nasal tip necrosis. Her rheumatoid arthritis had been managed with corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy for more than 3 years. She had not previously experienced extra-articular manifestations (EAMs). A biopsy was taken and histological analysis identified a lymphocytic vasculitis. She was referred to her rheumatologist, and surgical management of her necrotic nasal tip commenced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]