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Phyllosphere microorganisms execute important ecological functions including supporting host plant growth, enhancing host resistance to abiotic stresses, and promoting plant diversity. How leaf developmental stages affect plant-microbiome interactions and phyllosphere microbial community assembly and diversity is poorly understood. In this study, we utilized amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS genes to investigate the composition and diversity of microbial communities across different leaf developmental stages of rubber trees. Our findings reveal that endophytic microbial communities, particularly bacterial communities, are more influenced by leaf senescence than by epiphytic communities. The high abundance of metabolism genes in the endosphere of yellow leaves contributes to the degradation and nutrient relocation processes. Nutrient loss leads to a higher abundance of α-Proteobacteria (r-selected microorganisms) in the yellow leaf endosphere, thereby promoting stochastic community assembly. As leaves age, the proportion of microorganisms entering the inner layer of leaves increases, consequently enhancing the diversity of microorganisms in the inner layer of leaves. These results offer insights into the mechanisms governing community assembly and diversity of leaf bacteria and fungi, thereby advancing our understanding of the evolving functions of microbial communities during leaf senescence in general, and for an important tropical crop species in particular. Leaf senescence has significant impacts on the composition, diversity, assembly, and functions of phyllosphere microbiomes, especially impacting endophytic bacterial communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZIF-8@GO electrochemical sensor is fabricated via wrapping graphene oxide with ZIF-8 for the determination of Pb2+. The N2 adsorption data shows the pore size of ZIF-8@GO with 8.72 nm, which is larger than that of ZIF-8 and GO. The CV curve shows that the logarithm of the peak current value is linearly related to the logarithm of the scan rate, indicating that the reaction of Pb2+ on the electrode surface is controlled by both diffusion and adsorption process. Due to the synergy of ZIF-8 and GO, the modified electrode shows high selectivity toward Pb2+. And it has a low detection limit of 1.076 µM (S/N = 3) and a recovery between 90.6% and 100.3% in the actual sample detection, indicating that the sensor has good potential to detect Pb2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play a role in oxidative stress by altering the tumor microenvironment, thereby affecting pancreatic cancer progression. There is currently limited information on oxidative stress-related lncRNAs as novel prognostic markers of pancreatic cancer. Gene expression and clinical data of patients with pancreatic cancer were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-PAAD) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC-PACA) database. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was constructed to identify genes that were differentially expressed between normal and tumor samples. Based on the TCGA-PAAD cohort, a prediction model was established using lasso regression and Cox regression. The TCGA-PAAD and ICGC-PACA cohorts were used for internal and external validation, respectively. Furthermore, a nomogram based on clinical characteristics was used to predict mortality of patients. Differences in mutational status and tumor-infiltrating immune cells between risk subgroups were also explored and model-based lncRNAs were analyzed for potential immune-related therapeutic drugs. A prediction model for 6-lncRNA was established using lasso regression and Cox regression. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves indicated that patients with lower risk scores had a better prognosis. Combined with Cox regression analysis of clinical features, risk score was an independent factor predicting overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer in both the TCGA-PAAD and ICGC-PACA cohorts. Mutation status and immune-related analysis indicated that the high-risk group had a significantly higher gene mutation rate and a higher possibility of immune escape, respectively. Furthermore, the model genes showed a strong correlation with immune-related therapeutic drugs. A pancreatic cancer prediction model based on oxidative stress-related lncRNA was established, which may be used as a biomarker related to the prognosis of pancreatic cancer to evaluate the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a very recent paper, we analyze the cause of path stretch in scalable routing system, quantitatively studies the relationship between path stretches, scalable routing evolution and inter-AS collaboration, where AS represents anonymous system. Some scholars notice that prefix caching in routers may influence the path stretch ratio and gave their different understanding on path stretch. Thus, this note studies the relationship between prefix caching and path stretch ratio, and presents quantitive results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]