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Examines the influence of titanium (Ti) on magnesium (Mg) concentration threshold in LiNbO3 crystal. Information on LiNbO3 crystal; Reference to studies of Ti-diffused waveguides in Mg-doped LiNbO3.

A primary magma not only represents the starting point of a fractional crystallization process, but also is the product of an equilibrium or fractional partial melting process in a mantle. Element abundance relationships in the primary magma obey both the law of power function for fractional crystallization and the law of fractional linear function for equilibrium partial melting. Based on this double nature of the primary magma, the authors advanced a principle to restore the primary magma composition from that of an igneous rock series with petrogenesis of fractional crystallization and put forward an approach of estimating the element abundance of the primary magma, exemplified by the rare-earth elements in the Andes volcanic rock series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an experiment which provided a change in the model of the defect structure in the LiNbO3:Mg, Fe Crystal, using OH absorption spectra. Method used to conduct the experiment; Definition of LiNbO3 crystal; Results of the experiment.