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Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was a kind of advanced oxidation mode. There were defects in the common HC devices, such as high energy consumption, low efficiency, and easy plugging. In order to effectively utilize HC, it was urgent to research new HC devices and used them together with other traditional water treatment methods. Ozone was widely used as a water treatment agent that does not produce harmful by-products. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) was efficient and cheap, but too much chlorine will be harmful to water. The combination of ozone and NaClO with the HC device of propeller orifice plate can improve the dissolution and utilization rate of ozone in wastewater, reduce the use of NaClO, and avoid the generation of residual chlorine. The degradation rate reached 99.9% when the mole ratio γ of NaClO to ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) was 1.5 and the residual chlorine was near zero. As for the degradation rate of NH3-N or COD of actual river water and real wastewater after biological treatment, the ideal mole ratio γ was also 1.5 and the ideal O3 flow rates were 1.0 L/min. The combined method has been preliminarily applied to actual water treatment and was expected to be used in more and more scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gut apical amino acid (AA) transport activity is high at birth and during suckling, thus being essential to maintain luminal nutrient-dependent mucosal growth through providing AA as essential metabolic fuel, substrates and nutrient stimuli for cellular growth. Because system-B Na-neutral AA co-transporter (BAT1, encoded by the SLC6A19 gene) plays a dominant role for apical uptake of large neutral AA including l-Gln, we hypothesized that high apical Na-Gln co-transport activity, and BAT1 (SLC6A19) in co-expression with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) were expressed along the entire small intestinal crypt-villus axis in young animals via unique control mechanisms. Kinetics of Na-Gln co-transport activity in the apical membrane vesicles, prepared from epithelial cells sequentially isolated along the jejunal crypt-villus axis from liquid formula-fed young pigs, were measured with the membrane potential being clamped to zero using thiocyanate. Apical maximal Na-Gln co-transport activity was much higher ( p < 0.05) in the upper villus cells than in the middle villus (by 29 %) and the crypt (by 30 %) cells, whereas Na-Gln co-transport affinity was lower ( p < 0.05) in the upper villus cells than in the middle villus and the crypt cells. The BAT1 (SLC6A19) mRNA abundance was lower ( p < 0.05) in the crypt (by 40-47 %) than in the villus cells. There were no significant differences in BAT1 and ACE2 protein abundances on the apical membrane among the upper villus, the middle villus and the crypt cells. Our study suggests that piglet fast growth is associated with very high intestinal apical Na-neutral AA uptake activities via abundantly co-expressing BAT1 and ACE2 proteins in the apical membrane and by transcribing the BAT1 (SLC6A19) gene in the epithelia along the entire crypt-villus axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]