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Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a mild, environmentally friendly, and versatile oxidizer. The current main production process, the anthraquinone method, has high energy consumption and pollution. However, the photocatalytic production of H2O2 is considered to be a green and sustainable process. In this paper, the research progress of photocatalytic production of H2O2 was reviewed. Firstly, the basic principle of photocatalytic production of H2O2 and the three production pathways, namely, oxygen reduction, water oxidation, and dual-channel were introduced. Then, advanced photocatalysts for H2O2 production were introduced with emphasis. From the reactants and products, several new reaction systems and improvement strategies were introduced, including the construction of a spontaneous system without a sacrifice agent, a gas–liquid–solid three-phase system, and inhibition of H2O2 decomposition. The in-situ applications of photocatalytic H2O2 production in the environmental field, including in-situ disinfection and in-situ degradation of pollutants are discussed. Finally, the research progress and future research directions in this field are summarized and prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scaling relation of central massive black holes (MBHs) and their host galaxies is well-studied for supermassive BHs (SMBHs, MBH ≥ 106M⊙). However, this relation has large uncertainties in the mass range of the intermediate-mass BHs (IMBHs, MBH ∼ 103–106M⊙). Since Green pea (GP) galaxies are luminous compact dwarf galaxies, which may be likely to host less massive SMBHs or even IMBHs, we systematically search for MBHs in a large sample of 2190 GP galaxies at z < 0.4, selected from LAMOST and SDSS spectroscopic surveys. Here, we report a newly discovered sample of 59 MBH candidates with broad Hα lines. This sample has a median stellar mass of 108.83±0.11M⊙ and hosts MBHs with single-epoch virial masses ranging from MBH ∼ 104.7 to 108.5M⊙ (median 105.85±0.64M⊙). Among the 59 MBH candidates, 36 have black hole masses MBH ≤ 106M⊙ (IMBH candidates), one of which even has MBH ≲ 105M⊙. We find that the MBH-M* relation of our MBH sample is consistent with the MBH-Mbulge relation for SMBHs, while is above the MBH-M* relation for MBHs in dwarf galaxies in the same mass range. Furthermore, we show that 25 MBH candidates, including 4 IMBH candidates, have additional evidence of black hole activities, assessed through various methods such as the broad-line width, BPT diagram, mid-infrared color, X-ray luminosity, and radio emission. Our studies show that it is very promising to find IMBHs in GP galaxies, and the BH sample so obtained enables us to probe the connection between the MBHs and compact dwarf galaxies in the low-redshift Universe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shock-breakout emission is light that arises when a shockwave, generated by the core-collapse explosion of a massive star, passes through its outer envelope. Hitherto, the earliest detection of such a signal was at several hours after the explosion1, although a few others had been reported2–7. The temporal evolution of early light curves should provide insights into the shock propagation, including explosion asymmetry and environment in the vicinity, but this has been hampered by the lack of multiwavelength observations. Here we report the instant multiband observations of a type II supernova (SN 2023ixf) in the galaxy M101 (at a distance of 6.85 ± 0.15 Mpc; ref. 8), beginning at about 1.4 h after the explosion. The exploding star was a red supergiant with a radius of about 440 solar radii. The light curves evolved rapidly, on timescales of 1−2 h, and appeared unusually fainter and redder than predicted by the models9–11 within the first few hours, which we attribute to an optically thick dust shell before it was disrupted by the shockwave. We infer that the breakout and perhaps the distribution of the surrounding dust were not spherically symmetric.A type II supernova (SN 2023ixf) was observed in the galaxy M101 at a distance of 6.85 ± 0.15 Mpc, at about 1.0 h after the explosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Radiotherapy is a critical treatment modality for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the mechanisms underlying radiation resistance and tumour recurrence in NPC remain incompletely understood. Methods: Oxidised lipids were assessed through targeted metabolomics. Ferroptosis levels were evaluated using cell viability, clonogenic survival, lipid peroxidation, and transmission electron microscopy. We investigated the biological functions of glutathione S-transferase mu 3 (GSTM3) in cell lines and xenograft tumours. Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and immunofluorescence were conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms involving GSTM3. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate the clinical characteristics of GSTM3. Results: Ionising radiation (IR) promoted lipid peroxidation and induced ferroptosis in NPC cells. GSTM3 was upregulated following IR exposure and correlated with IR-induced ferroptosis, enhancing NPC radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, GSTM3 stabilised ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14 (USP14), thereby inhibiting the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of fatty acid synthase (FASN). Additionally, GSTM3 interacted with glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and suppressed GPX4 expression. Combining IR treatment with ferroptosis inducers synergistically improved NPC radiosensitivity and suppressed tumour growth. Notably, a decrease in GSTM3 abundance predicted tumour relapse and poor prognosis. Conclusions: Our findings elucidate the pivotal role of GSTM3 in IR-induced ferroptosis, offering strategies for the treatment of radiation-resistant or recurrent NPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stars with initial masses in the range of 8–25 solar masses are thought to end their lives as hydrogen-rich supernovae (SNe II). Based on the pre-explosion images of Hubble space telescope (HST) and Spitzer space telescope, we place tight constraints on the progenitor candidate of type IIP SN 2023ixf in Messier 101. Fitting of the spectral energy distribution (SED) of its progenitor with dusty stellar spectral models results in an estimation of the effective temperature as 3091−258+422 K. The luminosity is estimated as lg(L/L⊙)∼4.83, consistent with a red supergiant (RSG) star with an initial mass of 12−1+2M⊙. The derived mass loss rate (6×10−6−9×10−6M⊙ yr−1) is much lower than that inferred from the flash spectroscopy of the SN, suggesting that the progenitor experienced a sudden increase in mass loss when approaching the final explosion. In the infrared bands, significant deviation from the range of regular RSGs in the color-magnitude diagram and period-luminosity space of the progenitor star indicates enhanced mass loss and dust formation. Combined with new evidence of polarization at the early phases of SN 2023ixf, such a violent mass loss is likely a result of binary interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers with a relatively high cancer-related mortality. The uncontrolled proliferation of HCC consumes a significant amount of oxygen, causing the development of a hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME). Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), crucial regulators in the TME, activate several cancer hallmarks leading to the hepatocarcinogenesis of HCC and resistance to current therapeutics. As such, HIFs and their signaling pathways have been explored as potential therapeutic targets for the future management of HCC. This review discusses the current understanding of the structure and function of HIFs and their complex relationship with the various cancer hallmarks. To address tumor hypoxia, this review provides an insight into the various potential novel therapeutic agents for managing HCC, such as hypoxia-activated prodrugs, HIF inhibitors, nanomaterials, antisense oligonucleotides, and natural compounds, that target HIFs/hypoxic signaling pathways in HCC. Because of HCC's relatively high incidence and mortality rates in the past decades, greater efforts should be put in place to explore novel therapeutic approaches to improve the outcome for HCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theoretical model of a Galfenol cantilever energy harvester is investigated for vibration energy harvesting. Compared with the numerical solution, the analytical solution can better capture the intrinsic effects of the physical parameters on the performance of the harvester. In this work, an electromechanical coupled distributed-parameter model of the Galfenol cantilever energy harvester is established based on Hamilton's principle, linear constitutive equations of magnetostrictive material, and Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. The definitions and expressions of the electric damping and modified frequency are proposed due to the electromechanical coupling. The explicit analytical expressions of the average harvested power across the load resistance and tip vibration displacement of the Galfenol energy harvesting model are derived using the methods of Galliakin decomposition and electromechanical decoupling. The accuracy of the derived analytical results is verified by the experimental data and numerical solutions. The vibration response and energy harvesting performance of the Galfenol energy harvesting model are investigated by varying the excitation frequency, external resistance, and excitation acceleration amplitude. The analytical results show that, with the increase of the external load resistance and excitation frequency, the harvested power increases first and then decreases, indicating the existence of the optimal resistance and excitation frequency. From the explicit analytical expressions of the average harvested power, the optimal external load resistance or excitation frequency could be easily found to achieve the maximum harvested power for any fixed excitation frequency or external load resistance. The concept of proposing the electric damping and modified frequency for the Galfenol cantilever energy harvester simplifies the solution process for the output performances benefiting from the exact relationship between the output performances and the electromechanical coupling parameter derived in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-site heterogeneous catalysts constructed with highly dispersed, spatially well-separated isolated species have attracted much attention due to their outstanding specific activity and selectivity attributable to the unsaturated surface coordination sites and unique local electronic structures. Furthermore, such single-site heterogeneous catalysts are considered to be attractive as models for the top surface of inorganic semiconducting materials. As catalysts and photocatalysts, they provide suitable reaction fields to investigate the relationship between the activity and local structure of the active sites. To obtain detailed information on the reaction mechanism at the molecular level, advanced characterization techniques such as X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (XAFS), FT-IR, UV–VIS, EPR, and photoluminescence spectroscopy were applied. Moreover, various solid materials such as silica, mesoporous materials including zeolites, and semiconducting materials offer applicable strategies to design unique single-site heterogeneous photocatalysts. In the present review, photocatalytic reactions on single-site heterogeneous catalysts constructed on semiconducting materials have been summarized. Special attention has been focused on photocatalytic reactions for clean energy such as the splitting of water, reduction of carbon dioxide with H2O, conversion of CH4, and fixation of nitrogen. Furthermore, the preparation of single-site heterogeneous catalysts, their characterizations, and the relationship between their local structures and photocatalytic activities are also discussed. The present review not only provides a systematic understanding of single-site heterogeneous photocatalysts but also an understanding of the reaction mechanisms of semiconducting photocatalysis at the atomic level as well as the design of high-performance catalytic and photocatalytic reaction systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The graph-based multi-label feature selection (MFS) method plays a pivotal role in big data era with the exponential growth of multi-label data. As the activity of the multi-label field increases, it also exposes some multi-label problems. Traditional graph-based methods adopt the original spaces to construct Laplacian graphs, which increases redundancy and noise. In addition, when exploring the deeper subtle connections between features and labels of multi-label samples, and extracting spatial correlations, there is a lack of consideration for shared connection information between feature space and label space. To track these tricky problems, this study adopts matrix factorization method to decompose the original matrix space and extract the low dimensional matrix. On the one hand, dynamic graph regularization preserves the spatial geometry and the interference of redundant features are reduced while extracting correlations. On the other hand, the decomposed low dimensional matrix obtains the shared connection information from the dual space of feature and label, which is beneficial for mining information from data. Furthermore, l2,1/2-norm is applied to the feature weight matrix to enforce row-sparsity and robustness. So this study proposes a robust MFS with Shared Coupled and Dynamic graph Regularization (SCDRMFS). An iterative method for solving the objective function is proposed, and its convergence is proved from two aspects, theoretically and experimentally. Moreover, experiments on nine real benchmark datasets are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. SCDRMFS is contrasted with six latest algorithms. It is concluded from the experimental results that the proposed algorithm SCDRMFS can improve the classification performance for multi-label datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing prevalence of counterfeit products worldwide poses serious threats to economic security and human health. Developing advanced anti-counterfeiting materials with physical unclonable functions offers an attractive defense strategy. Here, we report multimodal, dynamic and unclonable anti-counterfeiting labels based on diamond microparticles containing silicon-vacancy centers. These chaotic microparticles are heterogeneously grown on silicon substrate by chemical vapor deposition, facilitating low-cost scalable fabrication. The intrinsically unclonable functions are introduced by the randomized features of each particle. The highly stable signals of photoluminescence from silicon-vacancy centers and light scattering from diamond microparticles can enable high-capacity optical encoding. Moreover, time-dependent encoding is achieved by modulating photoluminescence signals of silicon-vacancy centers via air oxidation. Exploiting the robustness of diamond, the developed labels exhibit ultrahigh stability in extreme application scenarios, including harsh chemical environments, high temperature, mechanical abrasion, and ultraviolet irradiation. Hence, our proposed system can be practically applied immediately as anti-counterfeiting labels in diverse fields. Practical anticounterfeiting labels should possess both high-capacity and robustness, and should allow easy fabrication and readout. Here, the authors show how to heterogeneously grow robust and stable chaotic pattern of diamond microparticles - containing SiV defects - on silicon substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic methane conversion requires a strong polarization environment composed of abundant activation sites with the robust stretching ability for C-H scissoring. High-density frustrated Lewis pairs consisting of low-valence Lewis acid Nb and Lewis base Nb-OH are fabricated on lamellar Nb2O5 through a thermal-reduction promoted phase-transition process. Benefitting from the planar atomic arrangement of lamellar Nb2O5, the frustrated Lewis pairs sites are highly exposed and accessible to reactants, which results in a superior methane conversion rate of 1456 μmol g−1 h−1 for photocatalytic non-oxidative methane coupling without the assistance of noble metals. The time-dependent DFT calculation demonstrates the photo-induced electron transfer from LA to LB sites enhances their intensities in a concerted way, promoting the C-H cleavage through the coupling of LA and LB. This work provides in-depth insight into designing and constructing a polarization micro-environment for photocatalytic C-H activation of methane without the assistance of noble metals. To achieve efficient photocatalytic non-oxidative methane coupling, a strong polarization environment with abundant activation sites for C-H scissoring is needed. This can be created through the fabrication of high-density frustrated Lewis pairs on lamellar Nb2O5 using a thermal-reduction promoted phase-transition process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hypothesis was proposed that the activated sludge was converted into hydrochar full of phenolic hydroxyl and then was made into coagulant by graft copolymerization. The results show that under the addition of HCl, the content of phenolic hydroxyl on the surface of hydrochar (SBC) under hydrothermal conditions increased sharply, up to 1.586 mmol/g, showing that HCl dosage of 0.10 g/g dry sludge and holding time of 4 h was recommended. Under graft copolymerization with the addition of DMC, the coagulant was synthesized. Based on the analysis by FTIR, XPS, zeta potential, etc., the possible synthesis route of coagulant from SBC was that phenolic hydroxyl on SBC was activated by the initiator and then the polymerization between SBC and DMC was triggered. The optimal grafting conditions are gotten. It was named as SBCHCl0.10 g, 4 h-g-DMC0.7. The removal by SBCHCl0.10 g, 4 h-g-DMC0.7 on COD and turbidity in domestic wastewater is up to 69% and 93%, respectively. The component of COD indicated that almost all particulate COD and most of colloidal COD are removed. On the contrary, the removal on dissolved COD can be neglected. Most of NH3-N and P is kept in the wastewater. This is in favor of subsequent reuse and biological treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co(OH)2 modified TiO2 (Co(OH)2/TiO2) was fabricated by a simple precipitation method and applied as a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. Using triphenylmethane dye acid blue 83 as the analyte, the SERS substrate showed high sensitivity with a detection limit of 1 × 10–7 M and high signal reproducibility with a relative standard deviation of 8.9%. Moreover, the substrate can also be used to in situ monitor the catalytic degradation of Acid blue 83. In addition, compared with cationic triphenylmethane dye, the Co(OH)2/TiO2 substrate presented stronger SERS activity towards anionic counterparts. The easy preparation and high sensitivity and selectivity towards anionic dyes of Co(OH)2/TiO2 provides a robust alternative for promoting the practical application of semiconductor-based SERS substrate in selective detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high inertia of methane makes its efficient conversion full of challenges. Here, defective TiO2 inverse opal (H-TiO2 IO) was prepared and applied to photocatalytic non-oxidative coupling of methane reaction. Comparative experiments, XPS and EPR characterization show that reduction treatment can produce rich oxygen vacancies (VO) on the surface of TiO2 IO, and VO with unpaired electron is the key to methane activation. Density of states analysis reveals that the existence of a large amount of VO leads to the introduction of impurity levels into the energy band, narrowing the band gap and improving the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges. In addition, the porous structure of inverse opal can provide more active sites and improve mass transfer. H-TiO2 IO achieves high CH4 conversion rate (6.0 μmol g−1 h−1), which is conducive to promote the application of non-noble metal supported catalysts in the study of photocatalytic C1 molecular activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cassia tora L. seeds, known as "juemingzi" in China, have been one of the key traditional Chinese medicines for thousands of years. When stir-fried, this herb has an excellent therapeutic effect on hypertension. Research on its active components has mainly focused on flavonoids. Proteins account for approximately 20% of the total seed weight. The effect of protein hydrolysate-derived peptides on blood pressure has not been reported yet. In this study, C. tora peptides from globulin hydrolysate were sequentially separated by ultrafiltration, ion exchange chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and identified by the Nano LC-Q-TOF–MS. Then, molecular simulation combining in silico proteolysis was applied to screen the potent sequences. Finally, a novel ACE inhibitory peptide TTPSY was obtained with an IC50 of 5.92 × 10–6 mol/L. In vivo antihypertensive effect of this pentapeptide was evaluated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The maximum reduction in blood pressure was 46.00 mmHg at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. Echocardiographic assessment revealed the treatment with TTPSY reduced ventricular wall thickness and prevented left ventricle remodeling. Novel peptide TTPSY possessed a satisfactory hypotensive effect and the cardioprotective function, similar to that of captopril, and could be a potential candidate for antihypertensive treatment. Our research provides beneficial data to reveal the pharmacological actions of C. tora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photo-driven nonoxidative coupling of CH4 to produce valuable hydrocarbons is an attractive potential approach to alleviate the energy crisis but is severely limited by lower catalytic efficiency. A CH4 conversion rate of 1.40 µmol g−1 h−1 was achieved in a 2D FeNi layered double oxides, which exhibited 20 times that of the primary FeNi layered double hydroxides. The properties of optionally modified catalysts can be adjusted by regulating the proportion of bimetallic components. The control experiments elucidated the specific roles of Fe and Ni species, and irradiation was the essential condition for activation of C–H. Combined with experimental and analysis data, the synergistic effect of dual-metal sites and acid–base sites are critical for catalytic activity and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Varlitinib is a highly potent, small-molecule, pan-HER inhibitor targeting HER1, HER2, and HER4. It has demonstrated activity in gastric, biliary tract, and breast cancers. Objective: We conducted a phase Ib dose confirmation study to determine safety and early efficacy signals of varlitinib in combination with chemotherapy (paclitaxel ± carboplatin) ± subcutaneous trastuzumab. Methods: Eligible patients had advanced or metastatic solid tumors. A 3+3 dose de-escalation study design was used and pharmacokinetic analyses of varlitinib and paclitaxel were performed. Results: Thirty-seven patients were enrolled into eight cohorts with median 4 (0–14) prior lines of palliative systemic therapies. Carboplatin area under the curve 1.5 and paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 weekly with varlitinib 500 mg twice daily continuously was de-escalated over four dose levels to 300 mg twice daily intermittently (4 days on, 3 days off) due to dose-limiting toxicities, most commonly neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and electrolyte disturbances, with the triplet combination deemed intolerable and unable to be developed further. Varlitinib was then combined with paclitaxel alone; the recommended phase II dose of varlitinib was 300 mg twice daily intermittently. The addition of subcutaneous trastuzumab 600 mg was safe with no dose-limiting toxicities. Thirty-one patients were evaluable for response: 35.5% partial response, 41.9% stable disease. Twenty patients had HER2+ metastatic breast cancer with a median of 4 (0–14) treatment lines, 8/20 continued on single-agent varlitinib after completing chemotherapy for a median of 5.1 (range 2.0–13.3) months. A pharmacokinetic analysis showed that plasma exposure of varlitinib was dose dependent. Varlitinib administration did not significantly affect the maximum concentration or area under the curve of paclitaxel. Conclusions: The recommended phase II dose of varlitinib with paclitaxel is 300 mg twice daily intermittently dosed. This is active in HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Subcutaneous trastuzumab can be added safely to varlitinib and paclitaxel. This combination is currently being evaluated as neoadjuvant therapy in HER2+ breast cancer (NCT02396108). Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02396108, date of registration: 25 March, 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The application of fungicides is one of the main strategies to prevent clubroot disease. Currently, numerous studies focus on changes in the soil microbial community at different levels of clubroot disease severity. However, the effects of fungicides on the soil microbial community and causative pathogen, Plasmodiophora brassicae, while preventing clubroot disease remain unclear. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the control efficacy of three fungicides (fluazinam, metalaxyl-mancozeb, and carbendazim) on clubroot disease of tumorous stem mustard in greenhouse experiment. Uninoculated and Water treatments after inoculation were performed as controls. At three (3 W) and six weeks (6 W) post-inoculation of P. brassicae, soil properties, bacterial composition (sequencing of 16S rRNA genes), and effector gene expression of the pathogen were analyzed. The correlation of these factors with disease index (DI) was explored. Results: Fluazinam was the most effective in controlling clubroot disease of tumorous stem mustard with a controlled efficacy of 59.81%, and the abundance of P. brassicae in the soil decreased 21.29% after 3 weeks of treatment. Compared with other treatments, twelve out of twenty effector genes showed higher expression in fluazinam 3 W samples. Different fungicides had different effects on soil properties. EC (electrical conductivity), the main factor that positively associated with DI, was significantly lower in fluazinam treatment than the other two fungicide treatments. The application of fungicides, especially carbendazim, significantly reduced bacterial α-diversity and the composition of soil bacteria. Pseudomonas, Microbacterium, and Sphingobacterium (positively correlated with DI) were enriched in Water, metalaxyl-mancozeb, and carbendazim treatments, but were less abundant in fluazinam treatment. Among the three fungicide treatments, DI was significantly negatively correlated with Shannon and Chao 1 indices. Soil properties and the top bacterial genera that positively correlated with DI were influenced to a lesser degree in the fluazinam treatment. Conclusion: Among three fungicides, fluazinam was the most effective agent with the highest control effects against clubroot disease. The strong virulence of fluazinam against P. brassicae was one of the main reasons for the prevention of clubroot disease, and in addition the alteration of rhizosphere bacterial community by fluazinam to the detriment of P. brassicae infection. Based on our results, EC could be an indicator of the severity of clubroot disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly efficient removal of nitrate from eutrophication water has been attracting great attention. Here, we develop a new-type denitrification system that is capable of catalytic nitrate reduction on denitrification catalysts suspended in the reactor, using hydrogen as reductant directly generated from electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). To improve system's efficiency, Ni3S2 nanosheets coated on Ni foam (Ni3S2-NF) was hydrothermally synthesized and applied as cathode material for HER. Meanwhile, bimetals PdCu nanoparticles dispersed in the channels of activated carbon (PdCu-AC) was also prepared by impregnation method and used as catalysts for nitrate reduction. Under − 1.3 V for HER and using 5%PdCu-AC as catalysts, the denitrification system behaved an optimal nitrate removal, with almost 100% nitrate removal and a dinitrogen selectivity of 64% in 5 h under neutral electrolyte at initial nitrate concentration of 100 mg-N/L. Meanwhile, the catalysts showed satisfactory stability, the system maintained over 95% nitrate removal efficiency and ~ 60% TN removal after 6 times runs at optimal denitrification conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, based on the three-term conjugate gradient method and the hybrid technique, we propose a hybrid three-term conjugate gradient projection method by incorporating the adaptive line search for solving large-scale nonlinear monotone equations with convex constraints. The search direction generated by the proposed method is close to the one yielded by the memoryless BFGS method, and has the sufficient descent property and the trust region property independent of line search technique. Under some mild conditions, we establish the global convergence of the proposed method. Our numerical experiments show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method in comparison with two existing algorithms in the literature. Moreover, we show applicability and encouraging efficiency of the proposed method by extending it to solve sparse signal restoration and image de-blurring problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic treatment of water pollutants has attracted extensive attention due to its low energy consumption, low cost and the avoidance of secondary environmental pollution. However, most photocatalysts are in powder form, which makes it difficult to separate from the water system after the reaction. Especially in practical applications, the recycling of the catalyst is an important part. Based on the characteristics that sodium alginate (SA) is easy to form gels under mild conditions, GO-P25@SA gel beads were prepared. The catalyst can be separated from the water system by simple filtration, which greatly saves the recycle cost. Besides, the light response of TiO2 (P25) and excellent conductivity of graphene oxide (GO) make GO-P25@SA have excellent photocatalytic degradation and cyclic stability for rhodamine B (RhB). In this work, the unique merits of GO and sodium alginate (SA) in developing functionalized photocatalyst were demonstrated, providing a low-cost and easy recycle treatment strategy for rhodamine B degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO2 is the main gas that causes the "greenhouse effect," and it is also a rich carbon resource. The photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into fuel not only relieves the pressure brought by the environment pollution, but also is promising way to achieve the carbon cycle and address the problem of energy shortage. It is essential to design efficient photocatalysts for the practical application of photocatalytic CO2 conversion. Doped graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has a reduced bandgap, increased light absorption and effective charge separation and transfer efficiency. Recently, its application has been extended to the field of photocatalytic reduction of CO2. In this review, we first discuss the basic principles of photocatalytic reduction of CO2, then focus on the application of g-C3N4 doped with different elements in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 in recent years, and then summarize different doping methods. Finally, challenges and opportunities are presented, and potential solutions are proposed for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gain of function (GOF) DNA binding domain (DBD) mutations of TP53 upregulate chromatin regulatory genes that promote genome-wide histone methylation and acetylation. Here, we therapeutically exploit the oncogenic GOF mechanisms of p53 codon 158 (Arg158) mutation, a DBD mutant found to be prevalent in lung carcinomas. Using high throughput compound screening and combination analyses, we uncover that acetylating mutp53R158G could render cancers susceptible to cisplatin-induced DNA stress. Acetylation of mutp53R158G alters DNA binding motifs and upregulates TRAIP, a RING domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase which dephosphorylates IĸB and impedes nuclear translocation of RelA (p65), thus repressing oncogenic nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB) signaling and inducing apoptosis. Given that this mechanism of cytotoxic vulnerability appears inapt in p53 wild-type (WT) or other hotspot GOF mutp53 cells, our work provides a therapeutic opportunity specific to Arg158-mutp53 tumors utilizing a regimen consisting of DNA-damaging agents and mutp53 acetylators, which is currently being pursued clinically. Codon 158 gain-of-function mutant p53 (158-mutp53) promotes tumourigenesis in lung cancer. Here, the authors show that 158-mutp53 render cancers sensitive to cisplatin and p53 acetylation agents through a mechanism where acetylated mutant p53 upregulates TRAIP and inhibits NF-ĸB signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of high-efficiency economic photocatalyst for H2O2 production is of great significance for renewable energy technologies. Here, we use a successive in situ growth and phosphating method successfully prepared NiCoP/g-C3N4 composite photocatalyst. NiCoP was uniformly dispersed in the form of nanoparticles on the surface of g-C3N4 nanosheet as a cocatalyst. The obtained NiCoP/g-C3N4 composite showed excellent performance in photocatalytic production of H2O2, which was due to NiCoP, has a better electronic conductivity to efficiently transfer charge, improves charge separation efficiency and enhances visible light absorption. This study can provide an effective theoretical basis for the design of bimetallic phosphide modified photocatalysts for photocatalytic production of H2O2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, UiO-66-NH2 as a kind of metal organic framework materials (MOFs) is first prepared via a facile solvothermal method and then loaded with Ag nanoparticles to form an Ag/UiO-66-NH2 composite, which is applied as the photocatalyst for the visible-light driven reduction of Cr(VI). The UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and photocurrent response analyses are performed to systematically characterize the composite. Ag nanoparticles with an average size of ca. 11.5 nm are distributed on the surface of UiO-66-NH2. The composite shows improved visible-light absorption ability and enhanced separation efficiency of photo-generated charge carriers. As a result, better photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction is achieved on Ag/UiO-66-NH2 under the visible-light irradiation compared with UiO-66-NH2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of TiO2-based photocatalysts for an efficient removal of dye pollutants is limited due to their low surface area, high recombination rate of the photo-generated electrons and holes and an insufficient absorption of sunlight with only 3–4% use of solar energy. Based on this background, we have successfully fabricated a carbon nitride quantum dots (CNQDs)-modified mesoporous TiO2–SiO2 (Me-TSCN) via a simple calcination method since the mesoporous structure is expected to induce a great increase in the specific surface area by carbon nitride quantum dots, being favorable for the adsorption of the reactant molecules and the mass transfer of the reaction products. Furthermore, such CNQD modification facilitates the separation of photo-generated electrons and holes. As a result, the composite's modification with structural design could significantly improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2-based catalysts, achieving outstanding photocatalytic activity in the degradation of dye pollutants such as rhodamine B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly sensitive molecularly imprinted fluorescent sensor for rhodamine 6G (R6G) was fabricated using carbon dot (CD)-embedded mesoporous organosilica as scaffold through a one-pot self-assembly process. The embedded CDs and R6G exhibit efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) due to the overlap between the emission band of energy donor CDs and the excitation band of energy acceptor R6G, as well as their nanometer-sized distance. After acid treatment, molecularly imprinted silica for recognition of R6G with excellent performance in terms of sensitivity and selectivity was obtained, being attributed to the FRET effect between CDs and R6G and the spatial recognition ability for R6G. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three-dimensionally macroporous-mesoporous lithium ion sieve (3DM-HTiO) was transformed from 3DM-LiTiO through washing with HCl solution, which was synthesized by a combination of hydrothermal and low-temperature calcination (600 °C) treatment, using polystyrene microarray as hard-template, and titanium isopropoxide and lithium acetate as co-precursors. The influence of HCl concentration and temperature on the deintercalation rate of Li and Ti from LiTiO was specifically explored to maximize the extraction ratio of Li/Ti. The acceleration of Li extraction and insertion in a porous structure was verified using nonporous LiTiO as a control. 3DM-HTiO showed superior Li adsorption performance (5.51 mmol/g) compared with its nonporous counterpart (1.12 mmol/g), which was ascribed to the reduced Li mass transfer resistance in the highly interconnected porous channel. The ion selectivity of the 3DM-HTiO lithium ion sieve followed the order of Li > Na ~ Ca > K > Mg. The adsorption performance could be maintained after six cycles. The high adsorption capacity, excellent selectivity, and good recyclability demonstrate the prosperous potential application of 3DM-HTiO. Graphical Abstract: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A yolk-shell-structured sphere composed of a superparamagnetic FeO core and a carbon shell (FeO@HCS) was etched from FeO@SiO@carbon by NaOH, which was synthesized through the layer-by-layer coating of FeO. This yolk-shell composite has a shell thickness of ca. 27 nm and a high specific surface area of 213.2 m g. Its performance for the magnetic removal of tetracycline hydrochloride from water was systematically examined. A high equilibrium adsorption capacity of ca. 49.0 mg g was determined. Moreover, the adsorbent can be regenerated within 10 min through a photo-Fenton reaction. A stable adsorption capacity of 44.3 mg g with a fluctuation <10% is preserved after 5 consecutive adsorption-degradation cycles, demonstrating its promising application potential in the decontamination of sewage water polluted by antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid in the research of heterojunction catalysts, due to their better catalytic ability than that of single component catalysts. Up to now, many kinds of heterojunction catalysts have been reported, such as BiO/BiWO, WO/BiVO, SnO/TiO, CdS/TiO, TaN/Pt/IrO and so on, among which the heterojunction catalyst composed of g-CN and TiO has been studied tremendously recently, due to the high activity, high thermal and chemical stability, and well matched energy structure of them. Up to now, many methods have been explored for the synthesis of g-CN/TiO heterojunction catalysts, such as ball milling of g-CN and TiO, hydrothermal growth of TiO on g-CN and so on. In this review, the recent researches on the synthesis of g-CN/TiO catalysts were summarized. Moreover, the applications of g-CN/TiO catalysts in the field of photocatalysis were detailedly introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adults with metabolic syndrome from different race/ethnicities are often predisposed to developing type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, growing evidence suggests that healthy diets and lifestyle choices can significantly slow or prevent progression to T2D. This poorly understood relationship to healthy dietary patterns and prevention of T2D motivated us to conduct a retrospective analysis to determine the potential impact of a minor dietary lifestyle change (daily mushroom consumption) on known T2D risk factors in racially diverse adults with confirmed features of the metabolic syndrome. Retrospectively, we studied 37 subjects who had participated in a dietary intervention focused on vitamin D bioavailability from white button mushrooms (WBM). All 37 had previously completed a 16-week study where they consumed 100 g of WBM daily and were then followed-up for one month during which no mushrooms were consumed. We analyzed differences in serum risk factors from baseline to 16-week, and from baseline to one-month follow-up. Measurement of serum diabetic risk factors included inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and the antioxidant component naturally rich in mushrooms, ergothioneine. Significant beneficial health effects were observed at 16-week with the doubling of ergothioneine from baseline, increases in the antioxidant marker ORAC (oxygen radical absorption capacity) and anti-inflammatory hormone, adiponectin and significant decreases in serum oxidative stress inducing factors, carboxymethyllysine (CML) and methylglyoxal (MG), but no change in the lipid oxidative stress marker 8-isoprostane, leptin or measures of insulin resistance or glucose metabolism. We conclude that WBM contain a variety of compounds with potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant health benefits that can occur with frequent consumption over time in adults predisposed to T2D. Well-controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings and identify the specific mushroom components beneficial to health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN), as a kind of polymeric semiconductor that has unique electronic structure and excellent chemical stability, has attracted increasing attention of researchers. Moreover, the raw materials for the preparation of g-CN are various and easily accessible. All of these have provided favorable advantages for the fast development of g-CN. Compared to bulk g-CN, mesoporous g-CN has more prominent natures, such as high specific surface area, large pore volume, and the increased amount of surface active sites. Therefore, great efforts have been devoted to develop mesoporous g-CN (MCN). Up to now, many methods have been explored for the synthesis of MCN, such as hard-template method, soft-template method, template-free method, sol-gel method, and so on. Among these methods, the hard template method is used most widely. In this paper, the recent research on the synthesis of MCN was reviewed. In addition, the modifications to the obtained MCN, which lead to performance enhancement of the MCN for better applications, were also summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A TiO-based catalyst modified with highly condensed g-CN has been synthesized though a simple vacuum calcination method and applied for the photocatalytic degradation of azo dye acid orange 7 (AO7). The obtained catalyst was thoroughly characterized by an array of analytical techniques, among which X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra, and transmission electronic microscopy proved a successfully combination of the two composites. And elemental analysis revealed a C/N ratio close to the theoretical data of g-CN, indicating highly condensed g-CN in the composited catalyst. The catalyst showed excellent photocatalytic activity toward degradation of AO7 under both visible and UV light, and in addition it had better photocatalytic performance than that of the catalyst prepared by calcination in air. The high photocatalytic activity could be attributed to two aspects: the suitable band gap positions for g-CN/TiO composite which could improve the separation efficiency of photo-generated electron-hole pairs and the high condensation degree of g-CN resulting from the vacuum calcination which is advantageous for higher carrier mobility and lower HOMO levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macroporous microspheres of SAPO-34 (MAMISAPO-34) were fabricated using polystyrene spheres (PS, 2 μm) as hard template. Cubic SAPO-34 (1 μm) synthesized by the conventional hydrothermal method was mixed with kaolin, silica sol, aluminium phosphate sol, template, and deionized water. Spray drying was then performed to prepare 30-50 μm microspheres which were converted to macroporous SAPO-34 by post-hydrothermal and calcination treatments. For comparison, 30-50 μm non-macroporous microspheres (NOMISAPO-34) were also obtained without using PS. XRD, NH-TPD, and SEM analyses were used to characterize the macroporous and non-macroporous SAPO-34. The results showed that MAMISAPO-34 was more crystalline and had more strong acid sites than NOMISAPO-34. When used in MTO (methanol to olefins) reactions, MAMISAPO-34 had better catalytic performance than NOMISAPO-34, because of its greater crystallinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exportin-1 (XPO1) controls the nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking of several key growth regulatory and tumor suppressor proteins. Nuclear export blockade through XPO1 inhibition is a target for therapeutic inhibition in many cancers. Studies have suggested XPO1 upregulation as an indicator of poor prognosis in gastric cancer. In the current study, we investigated the anti-tumor efficacy of selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) compounds KPT-185, KTP-276 and clinical stage selinexor (KPT-330) in gastric cancer. XPO1 was found to be overexpressed in gastric cancer as compared to adjacent normal tissues and was correlated with poor survival outcomes. Among the 3 SINE compounds, in vitro targeting of XPO1 with selinexor resulted in greatest potency with significant anti-proliferative effects at nano molar concentrations. XPO1 inhibition by selinexor resulted in nuclear accumulation of p53, causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Also, inhibition of XPO1 lead to the cytoplasmic retention of p21 and suppression of survivin. Orally administered selienxor caused significant inhibition of tumor growth in xenograft models of gastric cancer. Furthermore, combination of selinexor with irinotecan exhibited greater anti-tumor effect compared to individual treatment. Taken together, our study underscores the therapeutic utility of XPO1 targeting in gastric cancer and suggests the potential benefits of XPO1 inhibition in-combination with chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]