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Shales in the Carboniferous–Permian Fengcheng (FC) and Lucaogou (LCG) formations in Junggar Basin are important organic rich rocks containing significant oil resources. To evaluate the difference in sedimentary environment conditions and hydrocarbon-generating potential between the FC and LCG formations. Total organic carbon (TOC), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, solvent extraction, column fractionation, stable carbon isotope, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of saturated hydrocarbons and organic petrology from the source rocks of FC and LCG formations. were analyzed. The biomarker composition indicates that during the deposition of FC, LCG-1 to LCG-2, the sedimentary environment for the source rock formations changed with gradual decrease of salinity, from anoxic to dyoxic/suboxic in redox conditions, and from strong stratification to weakened stratification of water. The FC Formation source rock, with main telalginite (planktonic green algae), archaebacteria and minor terrestrial organic matter, deposited in the environment characterized by high salinity and strongly reducing condition. Its TOC content is relatively low with a high original hydrocarbongenerating potential of unit organic material. The LCG Formation source rock deposited in the environment with low salinity and large variations, the organic matter is mainly sourced from telalginite (planktonic green algae), lamalginite, bacteria and higher plants, resulting in strong heterogeneity of the source rock. The abundance of TOC is high, but the original hydrocarbon generation potential of unit organic matter is lower than that of FC Formation. The results provide a geochemical basis for further study of saline-brackish water sedimentary environment shales in the Junggar Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel intelligent control strategy based on machine learning (ML) and an optimal feed-forward control method are proposed to realize the high-precision prediction and precise control of slab front-end bending in hot rolling. By analyzing the mechanism of slab front-end bending, the factors influencing hot rolling slab front-end bending are analyzed by a simulation model, and the actuator efficiency model of slab front-end bending is established. Through exploring the genetic law of slab front-end bending, an optimization design for slab front-end bending control that combines bar feed-forward with pass feed-forward is presented. By comparing different ML methods, the XGBoost model is selected to establish a prediction model and is combined the proposed optimal control strategy to realize slab front-end bending control. The proposed control strategy has been successfully applied to industrial sites and achieved satisfactory results, which the proportion of the serious slab turn-up phenomenon has been reduced by 11.12%, and the proportion of bending values within 50 mm has increased by 18.56%. The product quality is significantly improved, and automatic control of slab front-end bending for hot rolling is realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important step enhancing regional innovation, researches on collaborative innovation have attracted much more attention recently. One significant reason is that cities can get excessive benefits while they take collaborative innovation activities. Based on the theories of innovation geography, this paper takes the collaborative innovation of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) Urban Agglomeration as a case study and measures the collaborative innovation capacity from innovation actors and innovation cities by adopting the catastrophe progression model. Then on this basis, the study depicts the spatial pattern and the benefit allocation of collaborative innovation by using the coupling collaborative degree model and benefit allocation model of collaborative innovation. The results show that: 1) The collaborative innovation capacity of cities in the Yangtze River Delta has strengthened largely, while the capacity still is not high enough. Cities with high collaborative innovation capacity are concentrated in Shanghai, the southern part of Jiangsu, and Hangzhou Bay, yet the cooperation of the universities-industries-research institutes need to improve. 2) The spatial pattern of collaborative innovation of the Yangtze River Delta presents several innovation circles, which are in Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou Metropolitan Circle, Nanjing Metropolitan Circle, Hangzhou Metropolitan Circle, Ningbo Metropolitan Circle, and Hefei Metropolitan Circle. Shanghai plays the role of the central city of collaborative innovation, while Suzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Ningbo, and Hefei act as sub-central cities. 3) The benefit each city allocated from collaborative innovation activities has increased. However, the allocations of the benefit show that cities with higher innovation capacity have significant advantages in most cases, which lead to serious disparities in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing the charging cutoff voltage is an effective method for improving the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. However, the conventional carbonate-based electrolyte with LiPF6 is unstable when the end-of-charge voltage up to 4.5 V (vs. Li/Li+), resulting in poor cycling stability of LIBs. In this work, when 1.0 wt% LiDFP is added into the conventional electrolyte for LiNi0.4Co0.4Mn0.2O2/graphite pouch cells, the capacity retention of the cell is significantly improved from 22.9 to 87.6% after 100 cycles, even a high capacity retention of 81.0% is maintained after 200 cycles. The results of spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques indicate that the passivation film induced by LiDFP can be formed simultaneously at both cathode and anode surfaces. The improvement of cell high-voltage performance can be credited to the addition of LiDFP, which effectively inhibited the dissolution of transition metals and the side reaction of electrolyte on the cathode and anode surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of extracellular DNA (eDNA) in biofilm in heavy metal complexation has been little reported. In this study, the interaction between the extracellular fraction of unsaturated biofilms and Cu2+ was studied using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analyses. Under Cu2+ stress, the amount of eDNA was about 10-fold higher than the treatment without Cu2+ stress, which was substantially more than the amount of intracellular DNA (iDNA) present in the biofilm. The eDNA content increased significantly under Cu2+ stress and higher eDNA contents were found in colloidal extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) than in capsular EPS in Luria-Bertani medium. It was found that the composition of eDNA was distinctly changed under conditions of Cu2+ stress compared with the treatments without Cu2+ treatments, with specific eDNA bands appearing under Cu2+ treatments as revealed by RAPD analyses. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis assessing the molecular speciation of copper showed that copper in the secreted eDNA mainly existed as species resembling Cu3(PO4)2, followed by Cu-citrate species. This study investigated the interaction between copper and eDNA in unsaturated Pseudomonas putida CZ1 biofilms. Potential function of eDNA in biofilms under Cu2+ stress was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfur-based heterocycles were one of appealing building blocks in functional materials, due to their outstanding optical/electronical performance. Assembled DTTF-BTh which combined from two different sulfur heterocycles was synthesized by condensation of 2-cyanoethylthio-3-methylthio-6, 7-bis (hexylthio) tetrathiafulvalene ( TTF-1), and 4, 4′-bis (2′-bromoethoxy)- 3, 3′-bithiophene ( DBE-BTh). The full structural and physical characterizations of novel DTTF-BTh were studied by H NMR, Mass, UV-Vis absorption, and electrochemical measurements. The two heterocycle moieties were connected successfully but inclined to perform individually. This could be explained as electron separation by alkyl chains. Electropolymerization was also conducted. The result indicated that DTTF-BTh could directly form polymeric films on prepared ITO glass via electrochemical deposition. Moreover, the deposited polymer film possessed an electrochromic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of polyethylene-supported poly(vinylidene fluoride)/cellulose acetate butyrate/nano-SiO particle (PVDF-CAB-SiO/PE) blended gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) is reported here. The electrolyte uptake, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and electrochemical performance of these electrolytes are characterized to evaluate their potential application in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The results indicate that the particle size of SiO can be adjusted by the tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) concentration and affects the physicochemical properties of the membrane. By doping 5 wt.% SiO (500 nm) into the PVdF-CAB blended polymer, the porosity of the membrane increases from 40 to 42.3 %, the mechanical strength from 117.3 to 138.7 MPa, the electrolyte uptake from 149 to 195 %, the oxidation decomposition potential from 4.7 to 5.2 V, and the ionic conductivity of the corresponding GPE is improved from 1.16 to 2.98 mS cm at ambient temperature. The PVDF-CAB-SiO/PE-based GPE and the two electrodes are suitably compatible, and the thermal stability is higher than that of the polyethylene (PE) membrane. The LIBs with the as-prepared GPE also exhibit enhanced discharge capacity and cycle stability, indicating the promising application of these GPEs in LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC) is investigated as an electrolyte additive to improve the electrochemical performance of LiNiMnCoO/graphite lithium-ion battery at higher voltage operation (3.0-4.5 V) than the conventional voltage (3.0-4.25 V). In the voltage range of 3.0-4.5 V, it is shown that the performances of the cells with VEC-containing electrolyte are greatly improved than the cells without additive. With 2.0 wt.% VEC addition in the electrolyte, the capacity retention of the cell is increased from 62.5 to 74.5 % after 300 cycles. The effects of VEC on the cell performance are investigated by cyclic voltammetry(CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). The results show that the films electrochemically formed on both anode and cathode, derived from the in situ decomposition of VEC at the initial charge-discharge cycles, are the main reasons for the improved cell performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two copolymers (P1 and P2), bearing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and fluorene moieties, were synthesized via Sonogashira coupling reaction successfully and P2 contains additional tetrathiafulvalene derivatives (TTFs) as pendants. The structures and properties of copolymer P1 and P2 were investigated by Infrared spectra, UV-visible spectra, and fluorescence spectra. Spectra analyses revealed that the fluorescent intensity of P2 was only 2 % compared to that of P1 in solution. The quenched fluorescent intensity of P2 could be recovered after adding defined moles of Fe(ClO) as an oxidant. The phenomenon was discussed with aid of computational stimulation in Gaussian 03. Herein, it is believed that intramolecular charge transfer occurs between TTF pendants and polymeric backbone in P2. P2 could be treated as a reporting group in fluorescent testing/switching system. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reaction between 3,3′-dibromothiophene and sodium methylate/methanol in the presence of KI/CuO afforded 3-bromo-4-methoxythiophene as a major product. It was transformed into 4,4′-dimethoxy-3,3′-bithiophene by using Pd(OAc) as a catalyst and agarose as a ligand. The conditions of the reaction were mild with an acceptable yield of 20 %. The product was characterized by MS, H NMR, and its spectra of UV-Vis and cyclic voltammetry were given. Graphical Abstract: 4,4′-dimethoxy-3,3′-bithiophene was synthesized from 3-bromo-4-methyloxy thiophene in the homogeneous system formed by water and agarose.[Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A kind of π-conjugated poly(EDOT-ethynylene-arylene)s P1- P5 were synthesized by Sonogashira coupling reaction between DBEDOT and five arylenes substituted with ethynyl groups. Among them, P5 was a polymer with TTF as pendants. Their TGA results exhibited their good thermal stability and their electrochemical and spectroscopic properties were investigated by CV, UV-Vis, and FL. The results indicated that there were intramolecular interactions between TTF group and polymer backbone as well as between the EDOT and arylene moieties. After doping with TCNQ, P5 could form stable CT-complex with a conductivity of 1.3 × 10 S cm, while its conductivity could be up to 3.5 × 10S cm after doping with I, due to its increased conductive dimensions. Such results indicated that this polymer had potential application in developing conducting materials. Graphical Abstract: A kind of π-conjugated EDOT-ethynylene-fluorene polymer with TTF as pendants was synthesized, which exhibited good solubility and thermal stability. When doping with I, its conductivity was improved significantly due to its increased conductive dimensions.[Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]