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This paper presents a new variational phase-field model aimed at investigating the fully coupled hydro-mechanical-damage processes in saturated quasi-brittle rocks. Biot's poroelasticity theory is incorporated with a damage-dependent permeability to describe both Darcy-type seepage in the solid matrix and Poiseuille-type flows in the cracked domain. The fluid pressure is introduced into a unified phase-field framework modified with a mixed-mode crack driving force. This framework can predict and reproduce complex crack initiation and propagation while explicitly determining the apparent crack width. First, the formulations of the proposed model are given. Then the fully coupled system is implemented using the finite element method and an alternate minimization Newton–Raphson iterative solver, facilitated by user subroutines provided by the software ABAQUS. The proposed model is validated by three benchmark problems. Subsequently, fracture propagation, pressure diffusion, and mechanical behavior are simulated and discussed in homogenous and heterogeneous quasi-brittle rock samples with pre-existing flaws under uniaxial compression, respectively. Finally, the proposed model is applied to simulate the damage evolution and investigate the fluid pressure distribution in jointed rock structures. The practicality and computational efficiency of the proposed model in accurately simulating realistic crack propagation and fluid pressure distribution in rock engineering problems are demonstrated. Highlights: A new variational phase-field model for predicting hydro-mechanical coupled fracture propagation is developed. A modified mixed-mode crack driving force is well incorporated in the proposed model. The three-field coupled system is efficiently solved by the implementation of a dual-layer numerical structure in ABAQUS. The model is well validated and then applied to simulate crack propagation in rock samples and jointed rock structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with extremely high mortality. The tumor microenvironment is the "soil" of its occurrence and development, and the inflammatory microenvironment is an important part of the "soil". Bile acid is closely related to the occurrence of HCC. Bile acid metabolism disorder is not only directly involved in the occurrence and development of HCC but also affects the inflammatory microenvironment of HCC. Yinchenhao decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, can regulate bile acid metabolism and may affect the inflammatory microenvironment of HCC. To determine the effect of Yinchenhao decoction on bile acid metabolism in mice with HCC and to explore the possible mechanism by which Yinchenhao decoction improves the inflammatory microenvironment of HCC by regulating bile acid metabolism, we established mice model of orthotopic transplantation of hepatocellular carcinoma. These mice were treated with three doses of Yinchenhao decoction, then liver samples were collected and tested. Yinchenhao decoction can regulate the disorder of bile acid metabolism in liver cancer mice. Besides, it can improve inflammatory reactions, reduce hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis, and even reduce liver weight and the liver index. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, and taurohyodeoxycholic acid are important molecules in the regulation of the liver inflammatory microenvironment, laying a foundation for the regulation of the liver tumor inflammatory microenvironment based on bile acids. Yinchenhao decoction may improve the inflammatory microenvironment of mice with HCC by ameliorating hepatic bile acid metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In early sensory systems, cell-type diversity generally increases from the periphery into the brain, resulting in a greater heterogeneity of responses to the same stimuli. Surround suppression is a canonical visual computation that begins within the retina and is found at varying levels across retinal ganglion cell types. Our results show that heterogeneity in the level of surround suppression occurs subcellularly at bipolar cell synapses. Using single-cell electrophysiology and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, we show that two retinal ganglion cell types exhibit very different levels of surround suppression even though they receive input from the same bipolar cell types. This divergence of the bipolar cell signal occurs through synapse-specific regulation by amacrine cells at the scale of tens of microns. These findings indicate that each synapse of a single bipolar cell can carry a unique visual signal, expanding the number of possible functional channels at the earliest stages of visual processing.Compartments of neurons can sometimes act as independent computational units. Here the authors show that retinal bipolar cells, some of the smallest mammalian neurons, send different signals to downstream ganglion cells via different synapses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is widely acknowledged as a prevalent malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to examine the independent impact of Median Household Income (MHI) on prognosis and survival outcomes in patients with CRC. Methods: Data from 17 cancer registries of the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, with follow-up extended until November 2022 was analyzed. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of different levels of MHI on survival outcomes among patients with CRC. A total of 761,697 CRC patient records were retrieved from the SEER database. Results: The Cox regression analysis results indicated that patients with higher MHI exhibited improved overall survival outcomes when compared to those with lower MHI (MMHI: P < 0.001; HMHI: P < 0.001). Regardless of the specific tumor location, gender, stage of CRC, or treatment method, higher MHI is consistently linked to improved survival outcomes. However, this association was not found to be statistically significant among American Indian/Alaska Native (MMHI: P = 0.017; HMHI: P = 0.081), Asian or Pacific Islander (MMHI: P = 0.223; HMHI: P = 0.002) and unmarried or domestic partner patients (MMHI: P = 0.311; HMHI: P = 0.011). Conclusion: These results emphasize the importance of considering socioeconomic factors, such as income level, in understanding and addressing disparities in survival outcomes of CRC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical approaches are useful for studying the electronic and spin structure of materials. Here, based on the tight-binding model and linear response theory, we investigate the magneto-optical Kerr and Faraday effects in two-dimensional second-order topological insulators (SOTI) with external magnetization. We find that orbital-dependent Zeeman term induces band crossings for SOTI phase, which are absent for trivial phase. In the weak-magnetization regime, these crossings give rise to giant jumps (peaks) of Kerr and Faraday angles (ellipticity) for SOTI phase. In the strong-magnetization regime, we find that two nearly flat bands are formed at the high-symmetry point of Brillouin zone of SOTI phase. These flat bands give rise to two successive giant jumps (peaks) of Kerr and Faraday angles (ellipticity). These phenomena provide new possibilities to characterize and detect the two-dimensional SOTI phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental air pollutants (black carbon (BC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with diameter <10 μm (PM10), and ozone (O3)) are one of the major menaces to mankind's health globally. This analysis reviews the association between exposure to these air pollutants and the chance of developing brain tumors in adults (total brain tumors, malignant brain tumors, and benign brain tumors). Studies published by April 2022 were searched. Raw effect sizes were converted to standardized effect sizes per 10 μg/m3 increase. Random effect models were applied to calculate combined effect size and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. A total of 8 articles were included for meta-analysis. The pooled effect size (ES) for per 10 μg/m3 BC intake was 1.67 (95% CI: 1.25, 2.22), P = 0.449. For every 10 μg/m3 rise in NO2 concentration, ES was 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.05), P = 0.319. Meanwhile, there was a boundary association between NOx and adult brain tumors (ES and 95% CI: 1.01; 1.00, 1.01/10 μg/m3; P = 0.716). While there was no conjunction between PM2.5, PM10, O3 (PM2.5: ES and 95% CI: 1.04; 0.99, 1.08/10 μg/m3; P = 0.834; PM10: ES and 95% CI: 1.01; 0.97, 1.04/10 μg/m3; P = 0.627; O3: ES and 95% CI: 0.97; 0.94, 1.00/10 μg/m3; P = 0.253). This research shows testimony of a significant link between air pollutants and brain tumors in adults, especially when exposed to BC, NO2, and NOx. This evidence emphasizes the importance of improving air quality as part of a comprehensive approach to prevent the occurrence and deterioration of brain tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cone photoreceptors in our eyes selectively transduce the natural light into spiking representations, which endows the brain with high energy-efficiency color vision. However, the cone-like device with color-selectivity and spike-encoding capability remains challenging. Here, we propose a metal oxide-based vertically integrated spiking cone photoreceptor array, which can directly transduce persistent lights into spike trains at a certain rate according to the input wavelengths. Such spiking cone photoreceptors have an ultralow power consumption of less than 400 picowatts per spike in visible light, which is very close to biological cones. In this work, lights with three wavelengths were exploited as pseudo-three-primary colors to form 'colorful' images for recognition tasks, and the device with the ability to discriminate mixed colors shows better accuracy. Our results would enable hardware spiking neural networks with biologically plausible visual perception and provide great potential for the development of dynamic vision sensors. Future intelligent vision systems need efficient capacitor-free spiking photoreceptor for color perception. Here, Wang et al. report a metal oxide-based vertically integrated spiking cone photoreceptor array which transduces light into spike trains with a power consumption of less than 400 picowatts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a series of double perovskite yellow-emitting NaSrLaTeO6 (NSLT):xDy3+ phosphors are successfully synthesized through the traditional high-temperature solid-state method. The NSLT lattice has a cubic structure, which possesses the Fm 3 ¯ m (No. 225) space group. The NSLT:xDy3+ phosphors can emit bright yellow emission under 352 nm excitation, which is ascribed to the 4F9/2→6HJ/2 (J = 15, 13, 11, and 9) transitions. With the increase of doping concentration, the intensity gradually increases until the doping concentration is 10 mol%, and then decreases due to concentration quenching (CQ). Dexter's theory and the I–H model demonstrate that the concentration quenching of the sample is explained by the nearest-neighbor ion interactions. The yellow/blue emission ratio of NSLT:10 mol%Dy3+ phosphor is estimated to be 3.64. The prepared NSLT:10 mol%Dy3+ phosphor has excellent thermal stability with temperature quenching temperature (T0.5 > 500 K) and high activation energy (Ea = 0.24 eV). The WLED fabricated with a 365 nm chip has good CIE chromaticity coordinates (0.331, 0.334), high Ra (90), and CCT (5559 K). The results demonstrate that the NSLT:Dy3+ phosphor has the possibility to apply in the WLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central South University is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Developmental sevoflurane exposure leads to neuronal cell death, and subsequent learning and memory cognitive defects. The underlyi\ng mechanism remains to be elucidated. Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory cell death and participates in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Several studies illustrated that dysregulation of mTOR activity is involved in pyroptotic cell death. The current study was designed to interrogate the role of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis and mTOR activity in developmental sevoflurane exposure. We found that inhibition of GSDMD pore formation with Disulfiram (DSF) or Necrosulfonamide (NSA) significantly attenuated sevoflurane neurotoxicity in vitro. In addition, treatment with DSF or NSA also mitigated damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) release and subsequent plasma membrane rupture (PMR) induced by sevoflurane challenge. Further investigation showed that the overactivation of mTOR signaling is involved in sevoflurane induced pyroptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Intriguingly, we found that the DAMPs release and subsequent PMR triggered by developmental sevoflurane priming were compromised by knocking down the expression of mTORC1 component Raptor, but not mTORC2 component Rictor. Moreover, sevoflurane induced pyroptosis could also be restored by suppressing mTOR activity or knocking down the expressions of Ras-related small GTPases RagA or RagC. Finally, administration of DSF or NSA dramatically improved the spatial and emotional cognitive disorders without alternation of locomotor activity. Taken together, these results indicate that mTORC1-dependent and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis contributes to the developmental sevoflurane neurotoxicity. Characterizing these processes may provide experimental evidence for the possible prevention of developmental sevoflurane neurotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thinking mode based on granule structure in granular computing essentially simulates the pattern of human thinking to solve problem. Such thinking for the study of knowledge discovery is also of significant importance in cognitive computing. Under such circumstances, the theory of multi-granularity formal concept analysis (MG-FCA) was proposed. But MG-FCA has not been applied to the analysis of three-dimensional data. Because three-dimensional data is very common and an important type of data in the real world, multi-granularity and knowledge discovery of three-dimensional data are two meaningful topics. In this paper, in order to solve the problem of three-dimensional data granularity, the idea of granularity of attributes is first introduced into triadic contexts on the basis of the relationship between triadic concept analysis and formal concept analysis. Moreover, the definition of multi-granularity triadic context is proposed, and some useful properties are studied. Then, for the purpose of realizing cross-granularity knowledge discovery in multi-granularity triadic contexts, two kinds of triadic contexts are given. As a matter of fact, for a specific problem, people often only need a solution to meet their needs. Thus, the problem of optimal granule combination selection is investigated, and the corresponding algorithms are explored. At last, for better understanding, an example with certain semantics is used to explain the proposed methods for multi-granularity triadic contexts. The main contribution as well as the significant feature of this study is to construct multi-level three-dimensional data structure and realize cross-granularity knowledge discovery. Our work will provide multi-granularity cognitive research method based on three-dimensional data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central South University is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This correction notice addresses an error in the original article titled "The connection between six common air pollution particles and adult brain tumors: a meta-analysis of 26,217,930 individuals." The correction pertains to the first row in the "Country" column in Table 1, which originally listed "Taiwan" and should be corrected to "Taiwan, China." The original article has been corrected accordingly. The publisher, Springer Nature, maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. The authors of the original article are Lu-Ting Shen, Meng-Wei Ge, Fei-Hong Hu, Yi-Jie Jia, Wen Tang, Wan-Qing Zhang, Dan-Yan Zhao, Wang-Qin Shen, and Hong-Lin Chen. [Extracted from the article]

In this study, a series of novel yellow-emitting borate LiGd6(BO3)3O5 phosphors doped with different concentrations of Dy3+ ions were successfully synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state reaction. The LiGd6(BO3)3O5 lattice had a monoclinic crystal system, which possessed the P21/c space group. Under the excitation of 351 nm, the three dominant peaks of the LiGd6(BO3)3O5:Dy3+ centered at 488 (4F9/2-6H15/2), 578 (4F9/2-6H13/2), and 668 nm (4F9/2-6H11/2). The optimal doping concentration of Dy3+ ions in the LiGd6(BO3)3O5: xDy3+ phosphors was x = 0.02 mol, and the concentration quenching effect was ascribed to the dipole–dipole interaction. The prepared LiGd6(BO3)3O5:Dy3+ phosphor showed excellent thermal stability with high quenching temperature (T0.5 > 500 K) and activation energy (Ea = 0.27 eV). Besides, the CIE chromaticity coordinates of LiGd6(BO3)3O5:xDy3+ phosphors changed slightly, which possessed low correlated color temperature (CCT). The results indicated the great potential of LiGd6(BO3)3O5: Dy3+ phosphor to apply in w-LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Respiratory motion causes mismatches between PET images of the myocardium and the corresponding cardiac MR images in cardiac integrated PET/MR. The mismatch may affect the attenuation correction and the diagnosis of non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. In this study, we present a two-stage cardiac PET and MR late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) co-registration method, which seeks to improve diagnostic accuracy of non-ischemic cardiomyopathies via better image co-registration using an integrated whole-body PET/MR system. Methods: The proposed PET and LGE two-stage co-registration method was evaluated through comparison with one-stage direct co-registration and no-registration. One hundred and ninety-one slices of LGE and forty lesions were studied. Two trained nuclear medicine physicians independently assessed the displacement between LGE and PET to qualitatively evaluate the co-registration quality. The changes of the mean SUV in the normal myocardium and the LGE-enhanced lesions before and after image co-registration were measured to quantitatively evaluate the accuracy and value of image co-registration. Results: The two-stage method had an improved image registration score (4.93 ± 0.89) compared with the no-registration method (3.49 ± 0.84, p value < 0.001) and the single-stage method (4.23 ± 0.81, p value < 0.001). Furthermore, the two-stage method led to increased SUV value in the myocardium (3.87 ± 2.56) compared with the no-registration method (3.14 ± 1.92, p value < 0.001) and the single-stage method (3.32 ± 2.16, p value < 0.001). The mean SUV in the LGE lesion significantly increased from 2.51 ± 2.09 to 2.85 ± 2.35 (p value < 0.001) after the two-stage co-registration. Conclusion: The proposed two-stage registration method significantly improved the co-registration between PET and LGE in integrated PET/MR imaging. The technique may improve diagnostic accuracy of non-ischemic cardiomyopathies via better image co-registration. Registered No.: DF-2020-085,2020.04.30 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temperature is one of the vital influential factors for all physiological and mental activities. Studying the influence of temperature on the properties of synaptic devices is of great importance for neuromorphic computing and bionic perception. Here, indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) based electrical-double-layer neuromorphic transistors were proposed for the emulation of temperature-dependent synaptic functions. The influence of temperature on the synaptic plasticity, including excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, and dynamic filtering was investigated. Interestingly, temperature induced spiking AND to OR logic switching was demonstrated in an IGZO-based neuromorphic transistor with two in-plane gate electrodes. Our results provided an insight into the temperature-induced synaptic functions and spiking logic switching, which is interesting for neuromorphic systems with biological fidelity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore the high-risk period of the occupation of suicide after diagnosis; and clarify the risk factors of suicidal behaviors (suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and suicidal death) behind the lung cancer patients during the cancer cure process. Methods: This scoping review was conducted through the whole month of April 2021. We extracted data of the suicide mortality after diagnosis and latent risk factors of suicidal behaviors among lung cancer patients where we used to study from the two online databases which are PubMed and Web of Science. Two online databases were searched and written in English without age restriction. To note that the standardized mortality ratio (SMR), person-years, and odds ratio (OR) associated with lung cancer were documented. Results: Out of 570 records, 23 studies mentioned suicidal behaviors and lung cancer met the included criteria. Eleven (n = 47.8%) of the selected publications reported changes in suicide mortality. None of them reported suicidal ideation or suicide attempt after diagnosis. The individuals with lung cancer have significantly higher rates of suicidal death (SMR, 2.04–13.4) during the first years after diagnosis and decrease over subsequent years (SMR, 0.66–3.17). The median time from cancer diagnosis to suicide death was around 7 months. Across all studies with the 22 studies that examined factors, we extracted the data of the suicidal ideation (n = 3), suicide attempt (n = 1), and suicidal death (n = 18) in individuals. For patients with suicidal ideation, there was a significantly higher incidence in males than in females. Among patients who attempted suicide, the incidence of mental illness is greater than the incidence of physical illness. Factors for suicidal death, including gender (male, 56.3–100%), prognosis tumors (poor, 25.8–66.3%), marital status (widowhood or unmarried, 19–75.7%), and age of patients (> 70 years, 24.5–47%) with lung cancer, play a vital role. Treatment of lung cancer is expected to affect a patient in his/her mental state. Conclusion: Overall, our finding indicates that lung cancer patients have been presented with a higher incidence of suicide death in a specific period, especially the early years after diagnosis. Discovering risk factors for suicide helps prevent potential suicide. It is essential to screen lung cancer patients for suicidal ideation, especially those with high-risk factors. Future prospective studies are necessary to confirm these findings to support care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid growth of computer science and big data, the traditional von Neumann architecture suffers the aggravating data communication costs due to the separated structure of the processing units and memories. Memristive in-memory computing paradigm is considered as a prominent candidate to address these issues, and plentiful applications have been demonstrated and verified. These applications can be broadly categorized into two major types: soft computing that can tolerant uncertain and imprecise results, and hard computing that emphasizes explicit and precise numerical results for each task, leading to different requirements on the computational accuracies and the corresponding hardware solutions. In this review, we conduct a thorough survey of the recent advances of memristive in-memory computing applications, both on the soft computing type that focuses on artificial neural networks and other machine learning algorithms, and the hard computing type that includes scientific computing and digital image processing. At the end of the review, we discuss the remaining challenges and future opportunities of memristive in-memory computing in the incoming Artificial Intelligence of Things era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National Key Ecological Functions Areas (NKEFAs) in China perform critical ecological functions and play a key role in ensuring the ecological safety of a large region or the whole country. Conservation planning in NKEFAs needs to scientifically locate conservation areas and development sites to support the "globally conserved, locally developed" strategy. However, popular conservation planning approaches often underestimate the impacts of natural and anthropogenic stressors and thus fail to handle the conflicts between conservation and development goals. This article proposes a conservation planning framework (CP-NKEFA) to overcome the limitations of popular conservation planning approaches and fulfill the conservation planning requirements of China's NKEFAs. Conservation planning is converted to an ecological risk assessment problem to integrate natural and anthropogenic stressors analysis with ecosystem service (ES) evaluation. The framework clarifies stressor types and quantifies stressor risks and ES importance to set conservation, development, and buffer zones. As a case study, the framework was implemented in Changyang County, China, an NKEFA for water and soil retention in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region. The framework is more useful than typical ecological redline zoning for instructing conservation and development spatial arrangement with a multi-category zoning scheme. The zoning results protect the areas vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic stressors or significant for ES provisions. Furthermore, the buffer zone prevents direct impacts of human activities on conservation areas and permits trade-offs between conservation and development goals. Except for NKEFAs, the framework also applies to conservation planning in other areas where conservation and development goals must be handled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aceruloplasminemia (ACP) is a rare disorder of iron overload resulting from ceruloplasmin (CP) variants. Because of its rarity and heterogeneity, the diagnosis of ACP is often missed or misdiagnosed. Here, we aim to present a clinical spectrum of ACP and raise more attention to the early diagnosis. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in a Chinese female patient suspected with ACP and her clinical data were collected in detail. The PubMed databases was searched for published ACP patients within the last decade, and we present a systematic review of their clinical features with data extracted from these researches. A novel pathogenic variant (c.2689delC) and a known pathogenic variant (c.606dupA) within ceruloplasmin gene were identified in our patient and confirmed the diagnosis of ACP. Then we reviewed 51 ACP patients including the case we reported here. A possible timeline of symptoms was discovered, anemia appears first (29.7 years old on average), followed by diabetes (37.3 years old) and finally neurological symptoms (50.7 years old). The delay in diagnosis was significantly shortened in patients without neurological symptoms. Biochemical triad including anemia, low to undetectable serum ceruloplasmin, low serum iron and/or hyperferritinemia, showed better sensitivity in diagnosis than clinical triad including diabetes, neurological symptoms, and retinal degeneration. Due to the variable symptom spectrum, patients with ACP often visit different departments, which can lead to misdiagnosis. Clinical attention needs to be paid to symptoms and tests that have a warning effect. Prompt diagnosis in the early stage of the disease can be beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salted duck eggs as a convenient food are very popular in China and Southeast Asia. Generally, they are produced by traditional curing methods. Here we used traditional methods to profile the bacterial community of salted duck eggs purchased from markets to systematically investigate their microbiological safety. 77 bacteria belonging to 14 genera were isolated. Bacillus related to flavor formation of salted duck eggs were the dominant genus. However, there existed some clinical pathogens which can cause food poisoning, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aeromonas hydrophila. Moreover, PCA analysis showed that the composition of bacteria was related to the source and storage time rather than sampling sites. Besides, bacteria in the shell, intima and egg white of salted duck eggs were cross-linked. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that resistant bacteria reached to 47.9%. And there was also no significant difference in bacterial resistance with sampling sites. Consequently, it's necessary to strengthen the food quality of salted duck eggs and improve personal dietary habit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the potential mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) to prevent ischemic stroke. Methods: The method of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was employed to establish a rat model of ischemic stroke. Seventy-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the sham group, MCAO + EA control (EC) group, and MCAO + EA (EA) group according to a random number table (n=26 per group). EA was applied to the acupoints of Baihui (DU 20) and Shenting (DU 24) 5 min and 6 h, respectively after the onset of MCAO. Rats in the sham and EC groups received only light isoflurane anesthesia for 30 min after MCAO. The neuroprotective effects of EA were evaluated by rota-rod test, neurological deficit scores and infarct volumes. Additionally, Nissl staining and immunostaining were performed to examine brain damage, rod formation, cellular apoptosis, and neuronal loss induced by ischemia. The activities of caspase-3, and expression levels of cofilin and p-cofilin in mitochondria and cytoplasm after ischemic injury were determined by Western blot. Results: Compared with the EC group, EA significantly improved neuromotor function and cognitive ability after ischemic stroke (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Therapeutic use of EA also resulted in a significant decrease of cofilin rod formation and microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2) degradation in the cortical penumbra area compared with the EC rats (P<0.01). Furthermore, Western blot analysis showed that EA stimulation significantly inhibited mitochondrial translocation of cofilin and caspase-3 cleavage (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Additionally, brain damage (infarct volume and neuropathy), cellular apoptosis and neuronal loss induced by ischemia were remarkably suppressed by EA in the cortical penumbra of rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: EA treatment after ischemic stroke may attenuate ischemic brain injury and cellular apoptosis through the regulation of mitochondrial translocation of cofilin, a novel mechanism of EA therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A controllable strategy to fabricate the polymeric nanowires with high throughput and low cost is developed by using the thermal nanoimprint lithography (NIL) technique and self-assembled anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template. The length of polymeric nanowires can be controlled by adjusting the duration of thermal NIL. A fill mechanism of thermoplastic intermediate polymer stamp (IPS) polymer pressed into the AAO nanopores is closely studied. The as-prepared IPS polymeric nanowire-based Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)-active substrate exhibits a remarkable reproducibility. The effective adsorption of the R6G as probe molecule near to hotspots generated at 3D vertically aligned polymeric nanowire SERS active substrates shows extraordinary enhancement of Raman signal with an enhancement factor (EF) of 105–106. The present strategy is of great guiding significance to broaden the use of thermal NIL technique and AAO template for the fabrication of other nanomaterials, especially for the flexible and transparent polymer-based nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In rural poverty governance, one of the most significant challenges faced by developing countries is to reduce the negative impact of economic growth fluctuations on poverty reduction, so as to achieve a win-win situation of "economic growth and poverty reduction". Based on the provincial-level panel data and data of poverty-stricken counties from 2000 to 2016 in China, this paper evaluates the poverty reduction effect of rural public expenditure from the perspectives of cyclical fluctuation and spatial spillover by using the instrumental variable method. It was found that rural public expenditure is pro-cyclical, and after exclusion of the cyclical factors, the essence of fluctuations is still pro-cyclical. Further research also shows that rural public expenditure has a significant spatial spillover effect on poverty reduction, which is even greater than the direct effect. Based on these findings, the policy implications can be that it is critical to provide moderate-scale and stable rural public expenditure, and establish a multi-level and differentiated agricultural insurance system supported by the government. This paper reveals the spatial interaction mechanism between public expenditure and poverty reduction, and also provides reference for correct evaluation of the economic growth and poverty reduction in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining coherence of a qubit is of vital importance for realizing a large-scale quantum computer in practice. In this work, we study the central spin decoherence problem in the XXX central spin model (CSM) and focus on the quantum states with different initial entanglement, namely intra-bath entanglement or system–bath entanglement. We analytically obtain their evolutions of fidelity, entanglement, and quantum coherence. When the initial bath spins constitute an N-particle entangled state (the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger-bath or the W-bath), the leading amplitudes of their fidelity evolutions both scale as O (1 / N) , which is the same as the case of a fully polarized bath. However, when the central spin is maximally entangled with one of the bath spins, the amplitude scaling of its fidelity evolution declines from O (1 / N) to O (1 / N 2) . That implies appropriate initial system–bath entanglement is contributive to suppress central spin decoherence. In addition, with the help of system–bath entanglement, we realize quantum coherence-enhanced dynamics for the central spin where the consumption of bath entanglement is shown to play a central role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the carbon emissions (CEs) from cultivated land (CL) were included as an undesirable output in the utilization efficiency of such land. A slack-based model was used to calculate the CL use efficiency (CLUE) for 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) from 2007 to 2016, and then a kernel density estimation map was drawn to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of CLUE. The Tobit model was also employed to analyze the factors affecting the CLUE. The results show the following. 1) In the YREB, the CEs from CL showed a rising and then a slowly decreasing trend. In this paper, we calculate CEs by carbon emission factors and major carbon sources, and the CEs from CL in the YREB totaled 25.2354 million tons in 2007. By 2014, the value had increased gradually to 28.4400 million tons, and by 2016 it had declined to 27.8922 million tons, suggesting that the carbon-emission reduction measures of the government had an impact. 2) The CLUE of various provinces and cities in the YREB showed an upward trend in the time dimension, while for the spatial dimension, the kernel density was high in the east and low in the west, and the areas with high kernel density were mainly located in the Yangtze River Delta. 3) The per capita gross domestic product, the primary industrial output, and the number of agricultural technicians per 10,000 people had positive effects on the CLUE. The CL area per capita and the electrical power per hectare for agricultural machinery had significant negative impacts on CLUE. In addition, every 1% increase in the number of agricultural technicians increased the CLUE by 0.057%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the first discovery by Tang in 2001, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomenon has attracted considerable research interest in various fields. In this contribution, AIE-active composites (named as An-HPG-β-CD) have been fabricated via conjugation of AIE-active compound An-B(OH)2 and hyperbranched polyglycerol functionalized β cyclodextrin (HPG-β-CD) based on dynamic phenyl borate for the first time. The potential biomedical applications of these AIE-active composites for biological imaging and drug delivery applications were further explored. The successful preparation of An-HPG-β-CD composites was confirmed through a series of characterization techniques. The An-HPG-β-CD composites possess great water dispersibility, low cytotoxicity, excellent fluorescence properties and uniform size and morphology, which make them promising for cell imaging. Furthermore, the cavities of An-HPG-β-CD composites could be utilized for loading with doxorubicin for drug delivery applications. In conclusion, we have developed a novel method for fabrication of AIE-active An-HPG-β-CD composites through formation of dynamic phenylboronic borate between β cyclodextrin containing hyperbranched polyglycerol and phenylboronic containing AIE dye. These AIE-active composites are of great potential in biological imaging and drug delivery applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the antifungal susceptibility profiles of 207 independent Candida albicans strains isolated from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in Xinjiang Province of China. Using CLSI M27-A3 and M27-S4 guidelines, anidulafungin and micafungin were the most active drugs against C. albicans showing an MIC50/MIC90 corresponding to 0.016/0.0313 µg/mL, followed by caspofungin (0.25/0.25 µg/mL), posaconazole (0.125/0.5 µg/mL), ravuconazole (0.063/1 µg/mL), itraconazole (0.125/1 µg/mL), amphotericine B (0.5/1 µg/mL), isavuconazole (0.063/2 µg/mL), 5-flucytosine (1/2 µg/mL), voriconazole (0.125/4 µg/mL), and fluconazole (0.5/4 µg/mL). 96.1% (199)–100.0% (207) isolates were sensitive to the three echinocandins tested, amphotericine B and 5-flucytosine. The in vitro activity of triazoles against all isolates tested was variable; itraconazole and voriconazole had reduced the activity to almost half of the isolates (55.1% (114) and 51.2% (106) susceptible, respectively). Fluconazole was active against 76.3% (158) isolates tested. The new triazoles ravuconazole, isavuconazole and posaconazole showed good in vitro potency against 89.9% (186)–95.2% (197) of isolates with the geometric mean MIC (µg/mL) of 0.10, 0.12 and 0.14 µg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, our study indicates that for effective management of systemic candidiasis in Xinjiang Province of China, it is important to determine the susceptibility profiles of isolated C. albicans from patients with VVC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to validate the reliability of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters for estimating left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and compare their accuracy to conventional echocardiographic ones, with reference to left heart catheterisation.Methods: Sixty patients with exertional dyspnoea (New York Heart Association function class II to III) were consecutively enrolled. CMR-derived time-volume curve and deformation parameters, conventional echocardiographic diastolic indices as well as LVEDP evaluated by left heart catheterisation were collected and analysed.Results: Fifty-one patients, who accomplished all three examinations, were divided into HFpEF group and non-HFpEF group based on LVEDP measurements. Compared to the non-HFpEF group, CMR-derived time-volume curve showed lower peak filling rate adjusted for end diastolic volume (PFR/EDV, p = 0.027), longer time to peak filling rate (T-PFR, p < 0.001), and increased T-PFR in one cardiac cycle (%T-PFR, p < 0.001) in HFpEF group. In multivariable linear regression analysis, %T-PFR (β = 0.372, p = 0.024), left ventricular global peak longitudinal diastolic strain rate (LDSR, β = -0.471, p = 0.006), and E/e' (β = 0.547, p = 0.001) were independently associated with invasively measured LVEDP. The sensitivity and specificity of E/e' and LDSR for predicting the elevated LVEDP were 76%, 92% and 76%, 89%, respectively.Conclusions: These findings suggest that CMR-derived time-volume curve and strain indices could predict HFpEF patients. Not only E/e' assessed by echocardiography but also the CMR-derived %T-PFR and LDSR correlated well with LVEDP. These non-invasive parameters were validated to evaluate the left ventricular diastolic function.Key Points: • The abnormal time-volume curve revealed insufficient early diastole in HFpEF patients. • Non-invasive parameters including E/e', %T-PFR, and LDSR correlated well with LVEDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gelsemium elegans Benth. is a toxic plant that has been used as an ancient Chinese herbal remedy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and nervous pain, spasticity, skin ulcers, and cancers. Koumine, one of its representative alkaloids, shows numerous promising pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Here, we investigated the analgesic effect of koumine on the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model of RA and explored the potential pharmacological mechanisms underlying the analgesia. In the CIA rats, repeated koumine treatments significantly reduced pain compared to controls and attenuated the collagen-induced increase in levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Cultured astrocytes showed reduced astrocyte reactivation and decreased production of both tested cytokines. Based on our results, koumine exerted both analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects on the CIA rat model that were apparently mediated by inhibiting astrocyte reactivation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) are at high risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). However, the risk factors of CIN in AMI patients with preserved LVEF remain largely unknown now. The present study explored the relationship between LV diastolic function and CIN in this patient cohort. The present prospective cohort study enrolled 379 AMI patients with preserved LVEF (≥ 50%) who underwent emergency percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Transthoracic echocardiography was performed before PCI using a portable echocardiography system. Diastolic function was graded as normal, indeterminate and diastolic dysfunction according to the current recommendation of the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. A total of 88 patients (23.2%) developed CIN. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that both diastolic dysfunction (DD) and the mitral E velocity to mitral annular tissue Doppler E′ velocity ratio (E/E′) were independent predictors of CIN (P < 0.001). Other independent risk factors of CIN included increased Mehran score, ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, higher HbA1c and left anterior descending lesion, as well as the use of diuretics. Multivariate Cox regression analysis found that CIN, DD, higher N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and HbA1c were independent predictors of MACE 2 years after AMI. Diastolic dysfunction determined before emergency PCI is linked with increased risk of CIN in AMI patients with preserved LVEF. CIN and diastolic dysfunction are independent predictors of MACE at 2 years in this patient cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triadic concept analysis (TCA) is an extension of formal concept analysis (FCA), which can be applied to machine learning, data mining, information retrieval, and so on. This paper summarizes the current situation and the development tendency of TCA. We introduce TCA in this paper from four aspects: basic notions of triadic concept analysis, triadic implications and triadic association rules, triadic factor analysis and triadic fuzzy concept analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic computer-related neck pain is common among office workers. Studies have proposed neck strengthening exercise as a therapy to pain relieving and function improvement. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of different loading resistance trainings and we hypothesized that women with work-related neck pain could benefit more from progressive resistance training for pain and function recovery. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted and subjects characterized by monotonous jobs were recruited. One hundred and nine employed women with chronic neck pain were randomly allocated into three groups, namely, progressive resistance training (PRT), fixed resistance training (FRT), and control group (CG). In PRT and FRT, four exercises for neck muscles with an elastic rubber band were performed on regular basis for 6 weeks. The therapeutic effectiveness was then evaluated at pretreatment, 2, 4, and 6 weeks during training period, and 3-month posttreatment. Assessment tools included visual analog scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and maximal isometric neck strength. Results: The outcomes were significantly better in PRT and FRT than those in CG at 6-week timepoint and 3-month follow-up ( p = 0.000), in terms of VAS, NDI, PPT, and neck muscle strength. Besides, there were statistically significant decreases observed in VAS scores of PRT group compared with those in FRT at 4-, 6-week timepoints, and 3-month follow-up ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: The neck resistance training was an effective method for pain relieving, mobility improving, pain threshold, and neck muscle strength enhancing in women with chronic computer-related neck pain. Thus, our study provided evidence that women with work-related neck pain might benefit more from PRT, which may have important implications for future clinical practice. Trial registration: The study was qualified and registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry as ChiCTR-TRC-12002723. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a microwave-assisted one-pot polymerization with three-components of alkynes, aldehydes and amines for the synthesis of new amino-functionalized optoelectronic polymers. The polymerization of diynes ( 1a− 1c, dialdehydes ( 2a and 2b and dibenzylamine catalyzed by InCl was carried out smoothly within 1 h under microwave radiation, yielding four soluble polymers with high molecular weights. The resulting polymers P1 and P2 could be easily dissolved in alcohol and thus utilized as the cathode interlayer for polymer solar cells (PSCs). Compared with the control device, the PSCs with P1 and P2 as the cathode interlayer and PTB7-Th:PCBM as the photoactive layer exhibited significantly higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 9.49% and 9.16%, respectively. These results suggest that this polycoupling reaction is an efficient approach to construct three-component polymers for the practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene oxide (GO)-based polymer nanocomposites were fabricated in aqueous solution via a novel strategy combination of mussel-inspired chemistry and Michael addition reaction. These GO-based polymer nanocomposites were used as efficient absorbents for the removal of organic dyes methylene blue (MB) from the aqueous solution. The successful preparation of GO-based polymer nanocomposites (GO-PDA-PSPSH) was confirmed by a number of characterization techniques in detail. Furthermore, a series of influential factors such as contact time, initial solution pH, and temperature were investigated and optimized. The optimal adsorption time of GO-PDA-PSPSH nanocomposites toward MB was 58 min. The maximum adsorption efficiency was occurred at pH 7. On the other hand, accompanying with the elevation of temperature, removal efficiency of GO-PDA-PSPSH nanocomposites was significantly increased, indicating that the adsorption process of MB by GO-PDA-PSPSH nanocomposites was endothermic. More importantly, the adsorption capability of GO-PDA-PSPSH nanocomposites was obviously greater than many other GO-based nanocomposites. Taken together, we have developed a facile biomimetic strategy for the preparation of GO-based polymer nanocomposites, which showed excellent adsorption capability toward MB and are promising for environmental adsorption applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a facile surface functionalization method was applied to synthesize poly-levodopa (PDOPA)-modified silica nanocomposites (denoted as SiO-PDOPA). The adsorption capacity of SiO-PDOPA was found to be higher than that of unmodified SiO NPs. The successful preparation of SiO-PDOPA was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and thermo gravimetric analysis. The adsorption behavior was investigated using SiO-PDOPA as adsorbents and Cu as a model heavy metal pollutant. Various adsorption parameters, including contact time, solution pH, temperature, and initial Cu concentrations were studied. The results showed that pH could markedly affect the adsorption process of SiO-PDOPA to Cu. The optimum pH for Cu adsorption was found to be 7.0. The adsorption kinetic data were analyzed using pseudofirst-order, pseudosecond-order, and intraparticle diffusion models. The adsorption isotherms could be described by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The fitting results showed that the adsorption kinetics and isotherms were better described by the pseudosecond-order and Langmuir model, respectively. The values of thermodynamics constants, including entropy change (Δ S ), enthalpy change (Δ H ), and Gibbs free energy (Δ G ) were determined at different temperatures. Results suggested that the adsorption process of SiO-PDOPA to Cu is a feasible, endothermic, and spontaneous process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) has been widely utilized as a surgical aide in general, urological, and gynecological applications. Our study summarizes the clinical applications of laparoscopic ultrasonography in laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. Retrospective analyses were performed on 42 women subjects using laparoscopic surgery during laparoscopic extirpation and excision of gynecological tumors in our hospital from August 2011 to August 2013. Specifically, the Esaote 7.5 × 10 MHz laparoscopic transducer was used to detect small residual lesions, as well as to assess, locate and guide in removing the lesions during laparoscopic operations. The findings of LUS were compared with those of preoperative trans-vaginal ultrasound, postoperative, and pathohistological examinations. In addition, a novel method for lesion segmentation was proposed in order to facilitate the laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. In our experiment, laparoscopic operation was performed using a higher frequency and more close to pelvic organs via laparoscopic access. LUS facilitates the ability of gynaecologists to find small residual lesions under laparoscopic visualization and their accurate diagnosis. LUS also helps to locate residual lesions precisely and provides guidance for the removal of residual tumor and eliminate its recurrence effectively. Our experiment provides a safer and more valuable assistance for clinical applications in laparoscopic gynecological surgery that are superior to trans-abdominal ultrasound and trans-vaginal ultrasound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A research on Jinyulian Oral Solution was conducted and the objectives were to discover its possible acute toxicity and antibacterial effects when used in vitro and in vivo. Regarding the acute toxicity test, Kunming mice were fed a maximum amount of the solution as their stomachs could hold, i.e., 40 mL kg. To ascertain the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the solution, two types of germs, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, were selected and tube dilution method was adopted. An antibacterial experimental model relying on animals' body was developed for the researchers to observe the solution's antibacterial effects. Test results showed that no abnormalities were discovered within 14 days after the initial date of testing and the mice grew as normal when fed with an amount of the solution 250 times of a normal clinical doze (In this case a man was assumed to weigh 60 kg.) and that the solution demonstrated obvious antibacterial effects on the two types of selected germs. The respective measured MIC and MIC values of the two germs were 3.2, 12.8, 6.4, and 25.6 mg L. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that Jinyulian Oral Solution possesses no acute toxicity but obvious antibacterial effects on the two before-mentioned germs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is pathologically characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain and the existence of intracellular protein inclusions termed Lewy bodies, largely composed of α-synuclein. Genetic studies have revealed that rare point mutations in the gene encoding α-synuclein including A30P, A53T, and E46K are associated with familial forms of PD, indicating a pathological role for mutant α-synuclein in PD etiology. However, the mechanisms underlying the neuronal toxicity of mutant α-synuclein are still to be elucidated. Growing evidence has suggested a deleterious effect of mutant α-synuclein on the autophagy-lysosome pathway. In this study, we discovered that overexpression of human E46K mutant α-synuclein impaired macroautophagy in mammalian cells. Our data showed that overexpression of E46K mutant α-synuclein impaired autophagy at an early stage of autophagosome formation via the c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1)-Bcl-2 but not the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Overexpressed E46K mutant α-synuclein inhibited JNK1 activation, leading to a reduced Bcl-2 phosphorylation and increased association between Bcl-2 and Beclin1, further disrupting the formation of Beclin1/hVps34 complex, which is essential for autophagy initiation. Furthermore, overexpression of E46K mutant α-synuclein increased the vulnerability of differentiated PC12 cells to rotenone treatment, which would be partly due to its inhibitory effects on autophagy. Our findings may shed light on the potential roles of mutant α-synuclein in the pathogenesis of PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biochars were prepared from straws of canola, corn, soybean, and peanut at different temperatures of 300, 500, and 700 °C by means of oxygen-limited pyrolysis. Amelioration effects of these biochars on an acidic Ultisol were investigated with incubation experiments, and application rate of biochars was 10 g/kg. The incorporation of these biochars induced the increase in soil pH, soil exchangeable base cations, base saturation, and cation exchange capacity and the decrease in soil exchangeable acidity and exchangeable Al. The ameliorating effects of biochars on acidic soil increased with increase in their pyrolysis temperature. The contribution of oxygen-containing functional groups on the biochars to their ameliorating effects on the acidic soil decreased with the rise in pyrolysis temperature, while the contribution from carbonates in the biochars changed oppositely. The incorporation of the biochars led to the decrease in soil reactive Al extracted by 0.5 mol/L CuCl, and the content of reactive Al was decreased with the increase in pyrolysis temperature of incorporated biochars. The biochars generated at 300 °C increased soil organically complexed Al due to ample quantity of oxygen-containing functional groups such as carboxylic and phenolic groups on the biochars, while the biochars generated at 500 and 700 °C accelerated the transformation of soil exchangeable Al to hydroxyl-Al polymers due to hydrolysis of Al at higher pH. Therefore, the crop straw-derived biochars can be used as amendments for acidic soils and the biochars generated at relatively high temperature have great ameliorating effects on the soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a growing network with preferential linking and power function increasing density of links and prove that the degree distribution of the network is power law with exponents less than 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel continuous variable coherent optical communication mode. In this mode, two quadrature Stokes parameters are regarded as observed physical quantity, and single linearly polarized component is used as carrier wave. At the sending end, electro-optical amplitude modulator (EOM) of 45° azimuth is used to indirectly complete the linear modulation of S component, and S component is changed by continuously rotating a half-wave plate (HWP). The receiving end adopts the mode of Q-Q-H wave plate are rotated to select the component of measured S or S. The circuit of balance homodyne detection is designed, and the detection system is built by combination with LabVIEW to complete signal demodulation. New optical path scheme is verified by both theory and experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]