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Flexible sensors are in great demand in the field of wearable electronics because of their good softness, stretchability, breathability and structural elasticity. Besides, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its copolymers have been considered as promising piezoelectric materials for advanced sensing and excellent biocompatibility. Electrospinning is simple, low cost, and scalable technology that can be used to fabricate PVDF-based nanofibers applied in long-term monitoring or human–computer interaction. In this paper, we initially presented the basic process for preparing PVDF nanofibers, followed by a systematic elaboration on extended electrospinning techniques to facilitate more in-depth research on PVDF-based nanofibers. Then, the enhancements methods were summarized, complemented by some reinforcing mechanisms, novel structures and some solutions for filler agglomeration. Furthermore, the latest applications as wearable sensors were introduced. Potential difficulties, problems and perspectives are also discussed. We hope that this article can help researchers better understand this field and push it to a higher level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to develop a deep learning–based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for the automatic detection and classification of lateral cervical lymph nodes (LNs) on original ultrasound images of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. Methods: A retrospective data set of 1801 cervical LN ultrasound images from 1675 patients with PTC and a prospective test set including 185 images from 160 patients were collected. Four different deep leaning models were trained and validated in the retrospective data set. The best model was selected for CAD system development and compared with three sonographers in the retrospective and prospective test sets. Results: The Deformable Detection Transformer (DETR) model showed the highest diagnostic efficacy, with a mean average precision score of 86.3% in the retrospective test set, and was therefore used in constructing the CAD system. The detection performance of the CAD system was superior to the junior sonographer and intermediate sonographer with accuracies of 86.3% and 92.4% in the retrospective and prospective test sets, respectively. The classification performance of the CAD system was better than all sonographers with the areas under the curve (AUCs) of 94.4% and 95.2% in the retrospective and prospective test sets, respectively. Conclusions: This study developed a Deformable DETR model-based CAD system for automatically detecting and classifying lateral cervical LNs on original ultrasound images, which showed excellent diagnostic efficacy and clinical utility. It can be an important tool for assisting sonographers in the diagnosis process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we focus on zero-filter limit problem for the Camassa-Holm equation in the more general Besov spaces. We prove that the solution of the Camassa-Holm equation converges strongly in L ∞ (0 , T ; B 2 , r s (R)) to the inviscid Burgers equation as the filter parameter α tends to zero with the given initial data u 0 ∈ B 2 , r s (R) . Moreover, we also show that the zero-filter limit for the Camassa-Holm equation does not converges uniformly with respect to the initial data in B 2 , r s (R) . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcriptional regulation of the high-affinity K+ (HAK) transporter gene is an important mechanism of plant response to low potassium stress. Cloning and analysis of the promoter of potassium transporter gene is not only helpful to its expression pattern and regulation mechanism but also important to improve the potassium absorption efficiency in sugarcane. The potassium transporter gene ScHAK10 is highly expressed and induced by low potassium stress in sugarcane, but the functions of its promoter is still unclear. In the present article, the 1918 bp promoter region of the ScHAK10 gene (pScHAK10) was cloned by genomic walking technique. Computational analysis affirmed the existence of abiotic stress-responsive cis and core cis-elements, such as TATA box, CAAT box, phytohormone responsive, stress response and light response motifs. GUS histochemical staining of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings showed that the leaf, corolla, and root tip were deeply stained. The 5′-terminal deletion of the promoter was cloned, and the lengths of 1918 bp (full), 1623 bp (Q1), 1332 bp (Q2), 957 bp (Q3), 576 bp (Q4), and 357 bp (Q5) were cloned into the GUS reporter vector for A. thaliana transient transformation. The transgenic plants generated through a single event exhibited a promising expression of the GUS reporter protein, which was treated with salt, low potassium, IAA and cold stress conditions. The results showed that the promoter activity correlates with the promoter fragment's length, and the long promoter fragment exhibits higher training. The Q5 was the least active and could not drive GUS expression. Under abiotic stress, the expression of GUS enzyme activity varies among different promoter fragments. Under low potassium and high salt stress, Q3 and Q4 showed the highest promoter activity. The Q1 and Q4 led the highest promoter activity during IAA and cold stress. These findings help to understand the molecular mechanism of ScHAK10 expression regulation and could be an excellent tool for future crop improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, the trichomonosis in raccoon dogs in China had occurred frequently. Pentatrichomonas hominis had been described in raccoon dogs in China in some previous studies. Purpose To Reveal: whether raccoon dogs can be infected by other trichomonad species besides P. hominis, and clarify the prevalence and species distribution of trichomonad in raccoon dogs. Methods: Herein, the 389 fecal samples were collected from farm-raised raccoon dogs in Hebei Province, all the samples were detected using the microscopic examination and several fecal samples containing trichomonad-like organisms were processed, cultured, stained, and photographed. Meanwhile, all the samples were screened by the species-specific nested PCR based on the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene of P. hominis,Tritrichomonas foetus and Tetratrichomonas buttreyi, respectively, and all positive secondary PCR amplications obtained in this study were sequenced, aligned and analysed. Results: 62 fecal samples (15.9%,62/389) were trichomonad-positive under light microscopy, and the trichomonad-like cells were clearly observed in the culture contents. The PCR results showed that 100 samples were trichomonad-positive, including 45 P. hominis-positive samples (11.6%,45/389), 32 T. foetus-positive samples (8.2%,32/389), and 33 T. buttreyi-positive samples (8.5%,33/389), respectively. Double mixed infections were observed in 10 samples. The prevalence of T. foetus and P. hominis were both significantly higher in raccoon dogs with diarrhea (13.9%, and 25.0%) than that in raccoon dogs without diarrhea (7.6%, and 9.3%) (p < 0.05).All samples confirmed as trichomonad-positive under microscopy were also found to be trichomonad-positive by PCR analysis. The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the sequences obtained in this study belonged to P. hominis, T. foetus and T. buttreyi SSU rRNA, respectively. Among them, the T. buttreyi SSU rRNA sequences obtained in this study harbored the new sequence polymorphisms. Based on preliminary morphological and molecular analyses, raccoon dogs are considered as the new host of T. foetus and T. buttreyi. Conclusion: This is the first report about the identifcation and prevalence of T. foetus and T. buttreyi in raccoon dogs in China, and the results increase our knowledge about the host range and prevalence of trichomonad species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the Fornberg–Whitham equation, the local well-posedness in the critical Besov space B p , 1 1 + 1 p (R) with 1 ≤ p < ∞ has been studied in Guo (Nonlinear Anal RWA 70:103791, 2023). However, for the endpoint case p = ∞ , whether it is locally well-posed or ill-posed in B ∞ , 1 1 (R) is still open. In this paper, we prove that the Fornberg–Whitham equation is well-posed in the critical Besov space B ∞ , 1 1 (R) with solutions depending continuously on initial data, which is different from that of the Camassa–Holm equation (Guo et al. in J Differ Equ 327:127, 2022). In addition, we show that this dependence is sharp by showing that the solution map is not uniformly continuous on the initial data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we synthesized MOF/COF hybrid material (NH2-MOF-5/MCOF) by integrating NH2-MOF-5 (Zn) with a melamine-based COF (MCOF) to target the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. Characterization using SEM, XRD, XPS, FT-IR, and UV-DRS confirmed the synthesized MOF/COF hybrid's exceptional photocatalytic performance under visible light. The addition of H2O2 significantly enhanced the photocatalytic degradation, achieving removal rates of 90%, 92%, and 57% for 11.75 mg L−1, 30 mg L−1, and 83 mg L−1 of MB, respectively. Kinetic studies revealed first-order kinetics, with a rate constant nearly 3.5 times higher with added H2O2. We proposed a comprehensive photocatalytic mechanism elucidated through energy band structure analysis and scavenger tests. Our findings revealed the formation of a heterojunction between NH2-MOF-5 and MCOF, which mitigates electron–hole recombination, with ∙OH identified as the principal species governing methylene blue degradation. Moreover, the NH2-MOF-5/MCOF hybrid displayed excellent reusability and chemical stability over six cycles. Notably, this H2O2-assisted hybrid material demonstrated the removal of 99% of ibuprofen, a pharmaceutical drug, showcasing its broad applicability in removing organic contaminants in aqueous solutions, thereby holding great promise for wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deformation of surrounding rock in the withdrawal roadways of fully mechanized working faces is a critical factor affecting the safe and efficient withdrawal of mining equipment. In order to address this issue, an experimental study was conducted on an innovative method for pre-split blasting to protect withdrawal roadways, using a working face in Shaanxi Province, China, as the engineering background. Firstly, research was conducted using physical model experiments to study the protection of the withdrawal roadway through pre-split blasting. The results indicate that at a certain distance ahead of the working face, the use of pre-split blasting technology on the roof of the withdrawal roadway leads to a significant reduction in both surrounding rock deformation and stress in the blasted side Withdrawal Roadway (I) compared to the unblasted side Withdrawal Roadway (II). The effective blocking of the stress transmission path caused by mining-induced stress leads to substantial relief of stress concentration in the withdrawal roadway's surrounding rock. This demonstrates that pre-split blasting technology can effectively reduce the advance mining stress on the withdrawal roadway, achieving the goal of protecting the withdrawal roadway. Subsequently, numerical simulation experiments were conducted to further investigate the patterns of surrounding rock stress and displacement in the withdrawal roadway under the influence of advance mining stress during the excavation of the working face. Furthermore, the numerical simulation results closely match the data from the model experiments, confirming the accuracy of the model experiments. Finally, this technology was applied to an engineering site. Monitoring results show that when pre-split blasting technology is employed at the advance working face, the deformation of the surrounding rock in the withdrawal roadway is effectively controlled. The research findings provide valuable insights for the protection of similar withdrawal roadways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The collapse of shield tunnel seriously endangers the safety of urban subway construction and causes adverse social impact. In order to quantitatively evaluate the collapse risk of shield tunnel and ensure the normal construction of shield tunnel, the risk assessment model of shield tunnel collapse is established based on fuzzy theory and analytic hierarchy process. Taking the collapse risk assessment of the tunnel from Dahongmen South Station to Heyi Station of Beijing Metro Line 8 as an example, 4 first level indicators and 12 second level indicators are selected to define a fuzzy evaluation system. The weight set of evaluation factors is derived according to the hierarchy. According to the average membership degree of each index, the risk degree is calculated by fuzzy operator and the evaluation vector is obtained by applying the principle of multifactor fuzzy relation synthesis. The comparative analysis shows that the on-site monitoring results are very consistent with the lowrisk value obtained from the fuzzy evaluation, which proves that grouting reinforcement is the most effective method to prevent tunnel collapse. The engineering practice has verified the scientificity and rationality of this method, which gives full play to the advantages from qualitative to quantitative, and has high accuracy and universal applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant cellulose synthase is one of the important glycosyltransferases, which catalyzes the synthesis of the paracrystalline of H-bonded-β-(1,4)-glucose chains. This study isolated the cellulose synthase 3 (Ces3) sequence from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) leaves. SoCes3 (GenBank accession No. MG324347) has a full-length cDNA sequence of 3625 bp. It contains an open reading frame (3225 bp), encoding 1074 amino acids with a molecular weight of about 120.89 kDa and isoelectric point of 6.26. SoCes3 protein showed high activity with other plant cellulose synthases. The recombinant protein contains plant cellulose synthase (Ces) protein conservative domains. In subcellular localization experiments, the fusion protein of SoCes3 with green fluorescent protein (GFP) was specifically localized in the cell membrane. The gene expression of SoCes3 was found in the leaf, leaf sheath, and internodes of the sugarcane stem. The highest expression level was found in the internode, especially with the highest expression level in the 5th internode and lowest in the leaves, and the gene expression level of SoCes3 was upregulated by PP333 and not in gibberellic acid-treated plants. It was conducted in tobacco plants to understand the biotechnological potential of SoCes3. The contents of cellulose and lignin were increased in SoCes3-overexpressing tobacco. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the transgenic tobacco induced different genes associated with different biological regulatory processes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mediated plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism signaling pathways were widely induced and mostly upregulated. The transcription levels in SoCes3-overexpressing transgenic lines were higher than wild-type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present an improved calculation for the decay rate of the rare Z-boson decay into J / ψ + J / ψ. This decay is dominated by the photon fragmentation mechanism, i.e., the transition Z → J / ψ + γ ∗ followed by the fragmentation γ ∗ → J / ψ. In our calculation, the amplitude of γ ∗ → J / ψ is extracted from the measured value of Γ (J / ψ → e + e -) , and the amplitude of Z → J / ψ + γ ∗ is calculate through the light-cone approach. The higher-order QCD and relativistic corrections in the amplitude of γ ∗ → J / ψ and the large logarithms of m Z 2 / m c 2 that appear in the amplitude of Z → J / ψ + γ ∗ are resummed in our calculation. Besides, the non-fragmentation amplitude is calculated based on the NRQCD factorization, and the next-to-leading order QCD and relativistic corrections are included. The obtained branching fraction for this Z decay channel is 8. 66 - 0.69 + 1.48 × 10 - 11. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective treatment of oily wastewater, which is toxic and harmful and causes serious environmental pollution and health risks, has become an important research field. Membrane separation technology has emerged as a key area of investigation in oil–water separation research due to its high separation efficiency, low costs, and user-friendly operation. This review aims to report on the advances in the research of various types of separation membranes around emulsion permeance, separation efficiency, antifouling efficiency, and stimulus responsiveness. Meanwhile, the challenges encountered in oil–water separation membranes are examined, and potential research avenues are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are commonly utilized in construction projects. They enhance the performance of functionally graded beams (FGBs) under various loading conditions. Therefore, the incorporation of variable-section FGBs theory into the analysis of structural and soil interactions is crucial for advancing engineering applications. Employing the variational principle and the transfer-matrix method, and considering the shear stiffness of the axially FGB structure itself, along with the continuity and shear strength of the soil, a semi-analytical solution for displacement and internal force of axially FGBs on Pasternak foundation (termed as P–T model) is derived in this paper. The semi-analytical solution is subsequently compared with finite difference solution results from prior studies, affirming the accuracy and precision of the proposed computational theory. The P–T model degenerates to the Winkler–Timoshenko model (W–T model) when the foundation's shear layer stiffness is set to zero. Additional analysis is conducted on displacement and internal force variation when the beam stiffness follows different distribution along the axial direction. The results indicate that an asymmetrical distribution of stiffness on either side of the midpoint could increase the displacement at the middle section. Furthermore, when the beam stiffness adheres to a Gaussian distribution along the axial direction of the beam, a significant increase in displacement at the boundary position of the beam is observed. The proposed method is then integrated with the Mindlin stress solution to evaluate construction impact on an existing tunnel within a foundation pit project in Shenzhen. A comparative analysis of theoretical calculations, monitoring data, and numerical simulation results exhibits substantial concurrence across the three methods. The tunnel's overall deflection adopts an "M" shape, and the computation using the variable-section FGB portrays the existing tunnel's deformation trend with heightened accuracy, diminishing the calculation error from 35 to 8.3% compared to the conventional normal section beam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we prove that the Cauchy problem for a generalized Camassa–Holm equation with higher-order nonlinearity is ill-posed in the critical Besov space B ∞ , 1 1 (R) . It is shown in (J. Differ. Equ., 327:127-144,2022) that the Camassa–Holm equation is ill-posed in B ∞ , 1 1 (R) , here we turn our attention to a higher-order nonlinear generalization of Camassa–Holm equation proposed by Hakkaev and Kirchev (Commun Partial Differ Equ 30:761-781,2005). With newly constructed initial data, we get the norm inflation in the critical space B ∞ , 1 1 (R) which leads to ill-posedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Causal inference is considered a crucial topic in the medical field, as it enables the determination of causal effects for medical treatments through data analysis. However, the vast volume and complexity of medical data present significant challenges for traditional machine learning methods in accurately assessing treatment effects. Issues such as noise in the data, unstructured information, and label sparsity can lead to unstable causal identification and erroneous correlation inference. To address these challenges, we propose a systematic survey of causal inference in the medical field, which encompasses studies utilizing observational data, aimed at organizing and summarizing the key concepts, methods, and applications of causal inference. Moreover, the causal inference applications are presented across various types of medical data, including medical images and Electronic Medical Records (EMR), using specific medical cases as examples. The thorough review not only emphasizes the theoretical and practical significance of causal inference methods but also highlights potential research directions in the medical domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central South University is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The giant ladybug Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius) is a potential biocontrol agent and a valuable model for coccinellid genomics and evolutionary biology. However, the lack of a reference genome for M. dilatata has impeded further explorations into its evolution and constrained its use in pest management. Here, we assembled and annotated a high-quality, chromosome-level genome of M. dilatata. The resulting assembly spans 772.3 Mb, with a scaffold N50 of 72.48 Mb and a GC content of 34.23%. The Hi-C data aided in anchoring the assembly onto 10 chromosomes ranging from 43.35 to 108.16 Mb. We identified 493.33 Mb of repeat sequences, accounting for 63.88% of the assembled genome. Our gene prediction identified 25,346 genes, with 81.89% annotated in public protein databases. The genome data will provide a valuable resource for studying the biology and evolution of Coccinellidae, aiding in pest control strategies and advancing research in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grover quantum algorithm is an unstructured search algorithm that can run on a quantum computer with the complexity of O N , and is one of the typical algorithms of quantum computing. Recently, it has served as a routine for pattern-matching tasks. However, the original Grover search algorithm is probabilistic, which is not negligible for problems involving determinism. Besides that, efficient data loading is also a key challenge for the practical applications of the Grover algorithm. Here in this work, we propose a modified pattern-matching scheme with Long's quantum search algorithm, in which the quantum circuit structure search algorithm requires fewer multi-qubit quantum gates, and can obtain the desired results deterministically. Then, the comparison of the performance of our scheme and the previous algorithms is presented through numerical simulations, indicating our algorithm is feasible with current quantum technologies which is friendly to noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The η (′) -mesons in the quark-flavor basis are mixtures of two mesonic states | η q ⟩ = | u ¯ u + d ¯ d ⟩ / 2 and | η s ⟩ = | s ¯ s ⟩. In previous work, we have made a detailed study on the η s leading-twist distribution amplitude by using the D s + meson semileptonic decays. As a sequential work, in the present paper, we fix the η q leading-twist distribution amplitude by using the light-cone harmonic oscillator model for its wave function and by using the QCD sum rules within the QCD background field to calculate its moments. The input parameters of η q leading-twist distribution amplitude ϕ 2 ; η q at the initial scale μ 0 ∼ 1 GeV are fixed by using those moments. The QCD sum rules for the 0 th -order moment can also be used to fix the magnitude of η q decay constant, giving f η q = 0.141 ± 0.005 GeV. As an application of ϕ 2 ; η q , we calculate the transition form factors B (D) + → η (′) by using the QCD light-cone sum rules up to twist-4 accuracy and by including the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the leading-twist part, and then fix the related CKM matrix element and the decay width for the semi-leptonic decays B (D) + → η (′) ℓ + ν ℓ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driven by the need to address safety concerns in current mining systems, we have developed a novel coal mining technology known as the N00 mining method. This method, inspired by the roof cut short-arm beam theory (RCSBT) and the balanced mining theory (BMT), represents a comprehensive innovation in coal-mining theory, equipment, and production processes. Unlike the conventional 121 mining method that relies on excavating two roadways and leaving coal pillars for mining panel protection, the N00 mining method adopts non-pillar and gob-side entry automatically, offering distinct advantages in terms of coal mining safety. Extensive research and field practice have shown that the N00 mining method incorporates key technologies such as pressure relief through directional blasting (PRDB) and roof support using negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) anchor cable. By eliminating roadway boring and coal pillar retention, this method effectively reduces accidents related to roof damage and power disasters caused by stress concentration on coal pillars. Furthermore, the N00 mining method simplifies the transportation and ventilation systems within the mine, with the working face adopting a Z-shaped ventilation mode. These advancements contribute to enhancing safety across multiple systems within the mine. In conclusion, the N00 mining method offers a promising solution to prevalent safety issues in coal mining. Its unique safety characteristics are demonstrated through discussions on its five development stages (from 1G N00 mining method to 5G N00 mining method) and practical examples of its application in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant harm globally, prompting us to prioritize prevention measures. Effective hand-washing is one of the most critical and straightforward measures that can help prevent the spread of this virus. Medical staff's hands are considered a major source of hospital infection. Effective hand-washing can prevent up to 30% of diarrhea-related illnesses, which is crucial in preventing nosocomial infections (Tartari et al. in Clin Microbiol Infect 23(9):596–598, 2017). This paper proposes an electronic-based real-time hand-washing identification framework called Alpha Hand Washing (ALPHA HW). The system uses camera-based identification, edge computing, and deep learning to automatically identify correct hand-washing behaviors, thereby facilitating effective hand-washing (Bertasius et al. in: Computer vision and pattern recognition, 2015). We achieved an accuracy of 78.0% mAP and a speed of 52 FPS in detecting scenes using specific monitoring datasets in hospitals by constructing the complex recognition system into a grid computing problem. Leveraging edge computing, our system achieves real-time identification with low memory consumption and high-efficiency computation. Alpha HW presents scientific and financial values in epidemic prevention and control that can facilitate popularization to reduce virus spread (Bewley et al. in 2016 IEEE international conference on image processing, 2016). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geological faults are widely distributed in stratum and have an important influence on underground mining. To increase the mining rate of coal resources and reduce the occurrence of accidents such as rock bursts, the technology of gob-side entry formed by roof cutting and pressure release (GEFRCPR) was investigated in fault-affected areas. The mechanism of gob-side entry formation passing through a normal fault was studied by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, and control technology for entry formation was proposed. The results indicate that during the process of passing through a normal fault from hanging wall to footwall, the vertical stress of the solid coal side at the working face increased first, then decreased, rose and eventually reached a stable state. For the fault-affected area, a combined support of "door type supports + roof cutting guard stents" was proposed as a temporary support for the formed entry and was tested on site. On-site monitoring showed that the degree of final deformation of surrounding rock of the formed entry was like: at the fault > before the fault > after the fault. By applying the proposed support technology, the deformation of the surrounding rock in the fault-affected area was effectively controlled so that the formed roadway appeared thereafter can be reused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Science) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The photoproduction of P-wave doubly charmed baryon (Ξcc) is investigated in the context of future high-energy and high-luminosity e+e− colliders. The direct photoproduction via the sub-process γ + γ → Ξ cc + c ¯ + c ¯ and the resolved channel γ + g → Ξ cc + c ¯ + c ¯ are considered. Within the framework of non-relativistic QCD, the calculation encompasses four P-wave (cc)-diquark configurations: cc 3 ¯ [1P1], (cc)6[3P0], (cc)6[3P1] and (cc)6[3P2]. The two S-wave states, cc 3 ¯ [3S1] and (cc)6[1S0], are also included for comparison. The cross sections, as well as the differential distributions involving transverse momentum, rapidity, and angular variables, have been computed. Numerical results reveal that the resolved photoproduction process plays a significant role and can provide dominant contributions. The photoproduction rate of the P-wave Ξcc is approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of the S-wave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram model of central venous access device–related thrombosis (CRT) for hospitalized children. A total of 503 consecutive cases from a hospital in Changsha City, Hunan Province were stochastically classified into the training set and internal validation set at a ratio of 7:3, and 85 consecutive cases in two hospitals in Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were collected as an external validation set. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis on CRT-related risk factors of hospitalized children were conducted, a logistic regression model was employed to establish the nomogram, and the discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis was performed to assess the proposed nomogram model. The nomogram model involved seven independent risk factors, including blind catheterization, abnormal liver function, central line–associated bloodstream infection, infection, number of catheter lines, leukemia, and bed rest > 72 h. The discrimination results showed that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the training set, internal validation set, and external validation set was 0.74, 0.71, and 0.76 respectively, and the accuracy rates of the proposed nomogram model were 79%, 72%, and 71% in the training set, internal validation set, and external validation set. The calibration results also showed that the calibration curve had great fitness for each dataset. More importantly, the decision curve suggested that the proposed nomogram model had a prominent clinical significance. Conclusion: The nomogram model can be used as a risk assessment tool to reduce the missed diagnosis rate and the incidence of CRT in hospitalized children. What is Known: • Central venous access device–related thrombosis is generally asymptomatic for hospitalized children, causing the missed diagnosis of central venous access device–related thrombosis easily. • No risk prediction nomogram model for central venous access device–related thrombosis in hospitalized children has been established. What is New: • A visual and personalized nomogram model was built by seven accessible variables (blind catheterization, abnormal liver function, central line–associated bloodstream infection, infection, number of catheter lines, leukemia, and bed rest > 72 h). • The model can effectively predict the risk of central venous access device–related thrombosis for hospitalized children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial and temporal attention plays an important role in video classification tasks. However, there are few studies about the mechanism of spatial and temporal attention behind classification problems. Transformer owns excellent capabilities at training scalability and capturing long-range dependencies among sequences because of its self-attention mechanism, which has achieved great success in many fields, especially in video classifications. The spatio-temporal attention is separated into a temporal attention module and a spatial attention module through Divided-Space-Time Attention, which makes it more conveniently to configure the attention module and adjust the way of attention interaction. Then single-stream models and two-stream models are designed to study the laws of information interaction between spatial attention and temporal attention with a lot of carefully designed experiments. Experiments show that the spatial attention is more critical than the temporal attention, thus the balanced strategy that is commonly used is not always the best choice. Furthermore, there is a necessity to consider the classical two-stream structure models in some cases, which can get better results than the popular single-stream structure models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central South University is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Thick and hard roofs are frequently encountered geological conditions during coal mining operations. In such conditions, the deformation of the surrounding rock in roadways due to dynamic pressure disturbances has become a prominent factor that hinders the safe and efficient production of coal mines. To safeguard these roadways from damage, an analysis of the deformation mechanism of the roadway floor was conducted using theoretical analysis and numerical simulation methods. The conclusion drawn from the analysis is that as the roof thickness and hardness increase, the overhanging length of the goaf roof also increases. Additionally, the stress concentration coefficient on both sides of the roadway becomes greater, resulting in deeper and wider damage to the roadway floor. On this basis, a novel pressure relief and energy absorption method (PREAM) composed of combined blasting and constant resistance energy absorption support is proposed, and its effectiveness is verified by numerical simulation and field test. The research results demonstrate that the PREAM, through the coordinated control of pressure relief and support, can effectively reduce the stress on the surrounding rock of the roadway by accelerating the collapse of the roof and reducing the hanging length of the goaf roof, all while ensuring the stability of the roof. This optimization of the stress environment in the roadway significantly reduces the deformation of the roadway floor, achieving the goal of safeguarding the roadway and facilitating safe and efficient production. In addition, the research results provide a scientific basis for the control of roadway deformation under similar conditions. Highlights: The deformation mechanism of roadway floor under the condition of thick and hard roof is revealed A new method for joint control of combined blasting pressure relief and constant resistance anchor cable energy absorption is proposed Field tests show that the pressure relief and energy absorption method can effectively protect the roadway [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) would frequently impose inhibition to anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process, hindering the efficiency of nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment. Hydrazine (N2H4), which is an intermediate product of anammox, participates in intracellular metabolism and extracellular Cr(VI) reduction. However, the roles of N2H4-induced intracellular metabolism and extracellular reduction in nitrogen removal under Cr(VI) stress remain unclear. The addition of 3.67 mg/L of N2H4 increased the anammox activity by 17%. As an intermediate, N2H4 enhanced anammox metabolism by increasing the heme c content and electron transfer system activity. As a reductant, N2H4 accelerated the reduction of c-Cyts-mediated extracellular Cr(VI) to the less toxic Cr(III). Extracellular Cr(III) accounts for 74% of the total Cr in a Cr(VI)-stressed anammox consortia. These findings highlight that N2H4-induced extracellular Cr(VI) reduction is the dominant mechanism for the survival of anammox consortia. We also found that N2H4 increased the production of extracellular polymeric substances to sequester excessive Cr(VI) and produced Cr(III). Taken together, the study findings suggest a potential strategy for enhancing nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich wastewater contaminated with Cr(VI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main conclusion: Taetr1-1 can promote enhanced seed dormancy and ethylene insensitivity in wheat, indicating a conserved function of ETR1 in regulating seed dormancy. Lots of wheat cultivars have weak dormant seed. Weak seed dormancy can cause pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in grain which significantly reduces grain yield and quality. The mining of causal genes of PHS resistance will serve to enhance breeding selection and cultivar development. In a previous study in Arabidopsis, we identified reduced dormancy 3 as a loss-of-function mutant of the ethylene receptor 1 (ETR1), which can control seed dormancy through the ERF12–TPL–DOG1 pathway. However, it is unknown whether ETR1 also functions in the regulation of wheat seed dormancy. To identify the regulatory role of ETR1 in wheat, we cloned TaETR1 and overexpressed the gain-of-function mutant Taetr1-1. The result indicated that overexpression of Taetr1-1 can promote enhanced seed dormancy and ethylene insensitivity in wheat. This study contributed to our understanding of the molecular basis for the regulation of wheat PHS resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Text-independent Short Utterance Speaker Recognition (SUSR) is of importance for the purpose of person authentication. However, it is a great challenge for the speaker recognition with a short utterance, which is defined as the duration of a speech is shorter than 5 seconds. To address this problem, an Acoustic Spatial-Temporal Transformer (ASTT) method is proposed to alleviate the bottleneck of short utterance speaker recognition. The contribution of the proposed ASTT method can be expressed as two parts. On the one hand, the ASTT method has a simple and elegant structure. Without convolutional structures, the ASTT method is purely based on an attention mechanism combining temporal and spatial features of speakers with knowledge migration on the ImageNet. On the other hand, the ASTT method has good performance on text-independent short utterance speaker recognition. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed ASTT method outperforms state-of-the-art methods on audio dataset with no more than 5-second speech clips with equal error rate (EER) of 6.93% and minimum detection cost function (minDCF) of 0.487, which has a relative improvement of 41.8% and 33.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the qualitative and quantitative analysis proves the effectiveness and efficiency of proposed ASTT, which can not only accelerate model converging, but also reduce the size of training data by 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfonyl and sulfonimidoyl fluorides are versatile substrates in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. However, they have been exclusively used as S(VI)+ electrophiles for defluorinative ligations. Converting sulfonyl and sulfonimidoyl fluorides to S(VI) radicals is challenging and underexplored due to the strong bond dissociation energy of SVI−F and high reduction potentials, but once achieved would enable dramatically expanded synthetic utility and downstream applications. In this report, we disclose a general platform to address this issue through cooperative organosuperbase activation and photoredox catalysis. Vinyl sulfones and sulfoximines are obtained with excellent E selectivity under mild conditions by coupling reactions with alkenes. The synthetic utility of this method in the preparation of functional polymers and dyes is also demonstrated. Sulfonyl and sulfonimidoyl fluorides (SFs) are versatile substrates in organic synthesis but conversion to S(VI) radicals is challenging. Here, the authors show that organosuperbase activated SFs can be converted to S(VI) radicals under photocatalytic conditions and demonstrate application of this synthetic pathway in the preparation of functional polymers and dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automated radiology report generation can not only lighten the workload of clinicians but also improve the efficiency of disease diagnosis. However, it is a challenging task to generate semantically coherent radiology reports that are also highly consistent with medical images. To meet the challenge, we propose a Multimodal Recursive model with Contrastive Learning (MRCL). The proposed MRCL method incorporates both visual and semantic features to generate "Impression" and "Findings" of radiology reports through a recursive network, in which a contrastive pre-training method is proposed to improve the expressiveness of both visual and textual representations. Extensive experiments and analyses prove the efficacy of the proposed MRCL, which can not only generate semantically coherent radiology reports but also outperform state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the scenario that the K 0 ∗ (1430) is viewed as the ground state of s q ¯ or q s ¯ , we study the K 0 ∗ (1430) leading-twist distribution amplitude (DA) ϕ 2 ; K 0 ∗ (x , μ) with the QCD sum rules in the framework of background field theory. A more reasonable sum rule formula for ξ -moments ⟨ ξ n ⟩ 2 ; K 0 ∗ is suggested, which eliminates the influence brought by the fact that the sum rule of ⟨ ξ p 0 ⟩ 3 ; K 0 ∗ cannot be normalized in whole Borel region. More accurate values of the first ten ξ -moments, ⟨ ξ n ⟩ 2 ; K 0 ∗ (n = 1 , 2 , ... , 10) , are evaluated. A new light-cone harmonic oscillator (LCHO) model for K 0 ∗ (1430) leading-twist DA is established for the first times. By fitting the resulted values of ⟨ ξ n ⟩ 2 ; K 0 ∗ (n = 1 , 2 , ... , 10) via the least squares method, the behavior of K 0 ∗ (1430) leading-twist DA described with LCHO model is determined. Further, by adopting the light-cone QCD sum rules, we calculate the B s , D s → K 0 ∗ (1430) transition form factors and branching fractions of the semileptonic decays B s , D s → K 0 ∗ (1430) ℓ ν ℓ . The corresponding numerical results can be used to extract the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements by combining the relative experimental data in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a novel method for precisely determining the QCD running coupling from Ruds measurements in electron-positron annihilation. When calculating the fixed-order perturbative QCD (pQCD) approximant of Ruds, its effective coupling constant α s Q ∗ 2 is determined by using the principle of maximum conformality, a systematic scale-setting method for gauge theories, whose resultant pQCD series satisfies all the requirements of renormalization group. Contribution due to the uncalculated higher-order (UHO) terms is estimated by using the Bayesian analysis. Using Ruds data measured by the KEDR detector at 22 centre-of-mass energies between 1.84 GeV and 3.72 GeV, we obtain α s M Z 2 = 0.1227 − 0.0132 + 0.0117 exp. ± 0.0016 the. , where the theoretical uncertainty (the.) is negligible compared to the experimental one (exp.). Numerical analyses confirm that the new method for calculating Ruds removes conventional renormalization scale ambiguity, and the residual scale dependence due to the UHO-terms will also be highly suppressed due to a more convergent pQCD series. This leads to a significant stabilization of the perturbative series, and a significant reduction of theoretical uncertainty. It thus provides a reliable theoretical basis for precise determination of the QCD running coupling from Ruds measurements at future Tau-Charm Facility. It can also be applied for the precise determination of the hadronic contributions to muon g − 2 and QED coupling α M Z 2 within the tau-charm energy range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorinated carbons (CFx)/Li primary batteries with high theoretical energy density have been applied as indispensable energy storage devices with no need for rechargeability, yet plagued by poor rate capability and narrow temperature adaptability in actual scenarios. Herein, benefiting from precise solvation engineering for synergistic coordination of anions and low-affinity solvents, the optimized cyclic ether-based electrolyte is elaborated to significantly facilitate overall reaction dynamics closely correlated to lower desolvation barrier. As a result, the excellent rate (15 C, 650 mAh g−1) at room-temperature and ultra-low-temperature performance dropping to −80 °C (495 mAh g−1 at average output voltage of 2.11 V) is delivered by the end of 1.5 V cut-off voltage, far superior to other organic liquid electrolytes. Furthermore, the CFx/Li cell employing the high-loading electrode (18–22 mg cm−2) still yields 1,683 and 1,395 Wh kg−1 in the case of −40 °C and −60 °C, respectively. In short, the novel design strategy for cyclic ethers as basic solvents is proposed to enable the CFx/Li battery with superb subzero performances, which shows great potential in practical application for extreme environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the two-scale optimization problem, this paper proposes a topology optimization method that combines Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization and Fast Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). Taking the maximum stiffness of the structure as the objective function, the effective properties of heterogeneous materials are deduced through the energy-based homogenization theory, and the two-scale topology optimization is realized. In addition, a semi-random double-penalized crossover mutation operator is developed to improve the convergence ability of the algorithm. NSGA-II transforms the scheme of guiding unit addition and deletion in the iterative process into a probability problem, expands the scope of optimization search, and improves the global search ability of the optimization algorithm. The effectiveness of the new method is verified by numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the sign-changing solutions to the following Schrödinger-Poisson system - Δ u + V (x) u + λ ϕ (x) u = f (u) , x ∈ R 3 , - Δ ϕ = u 2 , x ∈ R 3 , where λ > 0 is a parameter and f is super 2-linear at infinity. By using the method of invariant sets of descending flow and a multiple critical points theorem, we prove that this system possesses infinitely many sign-changing solutions for any λ > 0 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies a two-component b-family system, which includes the two-component Camassa-Holm system and the two-component Degasperis-Procesi system as special case. It is shown that the solution map of this system is not uniformly continuous on the initial data in Besov spaces B p , r s - 1 (R) × B p , r s (R) with s > max { 1 + 1 p , 3 2 } , 1 ≤ p , r < ∞ . Our result covers and extends the previous non-uniform continuity in Sobolev spaces H s - 1 (R) × H s (R) for s > 5 2 to Besov spaces (Nonlinear Anal., 2014, 111: 1-14). Compared with the generalized rotation b-family system considered by Holmes et al. (Z. Angew. Math. Mech., 2021), our non-uniform continuity is established in a broader range of Besov spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important that a sustainable community better prepare for and design mitigation processes for major flooding events, particularly as the climate is non-stationary. In recent years, there have been major storm events in the USA with record amounts of rainfall that some refer to as stalled storms. These stalled storms frequently result in flooding of urban areas which are not subject to riverine or storm surge flooding. This research focuses on using flood damage reports in conjunction with contour maps, geographical information systems, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data, photographs, and spatial averaging to develop total (high) flood elevation data sets for two neighborhoods for Tropical Storm Imelda in Beaumont, Texas. When various sources of data such as insurance or Federal Emergency Management Agency damage reports, updated LiDAR elevation sets, and coordination data are readily available, this may be an economical method of estimating maximum flood elevations. High-water marks are frequently collected by various agencies as soon as possible after a flooding event, but these data sets might provide even additional information and validation many months or years post an event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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With the deterioration of mining conditions, the stability of roadway has become an important research topic for safe and efficient production in coal mines. To protect the gob-side roadway from dynamic mining disturbance under the condition of thick and hard roof so as to ensure the stability of roadway, an innovative method of combined deep hole blasting (CDHB) is proposed. The CDHB method consists of directional energy-gathering blasting and non-directional blasting. By means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field test, the mechanism and effect of the method to protect roadway are analyzed. The research results show that due to the pressure relief principle of the directional energy-gathering blasting technology, the coal mass stress on the side of coal pillar in the roadway is reduced, and the stress concentration area is far away from the roadway. At the same time, owing to the principle of broken expansion filling of non-directional blasting, the collapsed gangue can fill the goaf and support the roof, thus reducing the coal mass stress in front of the working face and at the side of the roadway coal pillar. Finally, the combination of the two blasting methods successfully reduces the coal mass stress of the two sides of the roadway in front of the working face, optimizes the stress environment of the roadway and achieves the goal of protecting the roadway. The effectiveness of the CDHB method is verified by field tests, in which the stress and deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway are significantly reduced. The research results provide a scientific basis for roadway deformation control under similar conditions. Highlights: A new CDHB method is proposed based on characteristics of rock. Protecting roadway by pressure relieve and increasing coefficient of broken expansion. Comprehensive monitoring showed that CDHB method effectively protects gob-side roadways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive analysis of ferroptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and its relation to the tumor immune microenvironment are needed. Data included HCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium. And two datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were used as the validation set. Based on the expression of ferroptosis-related genes, HCC patients were divided into two subtypes. Cluster 1 showed lower tumor grade, lower CTLA-4, and a more favorable prognosis than Cluster 2. Patients with higher SLC7A11 (50%) had a poorer prognosis in HCC. SLC7A11 is characterized by more NK CD56bright cells, less DC, and neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction and cytokine receptor interaction. Ferroptosis-related genes especially SLC7A11 might be a valuable prognostic factor in HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing efficient and effective oil/water separation materials with both high treatment flux and rejection by a low cost and simple way have been the main goal pursued by researchers. In this paper, a porous metal foam (Ni foam plate and slice) with high strength is selected as the substrate and bacterial nanocellulose fiber (BNC) is used as hydrophilic fibers for modification. Driven by concentration difference, we constructed Ni foam/BNC composite, where the BNC fibers could insert into the foam body and regulate the pore size of foam by only changing the fiber content. This enables the intrinsic large pores of the pristine Ni foam to decrease quickly while maintaining high porosity. Compared to the thick Ni foam plate, the stacks composed of thin Ni foam slices with various pore sizes can effectively separate different oil/water mixtures (i.e. layered oil/water mixtures, oil/water emulsions with and without surfactant) solely by gravity with high treatment flux and satisfactory oil rejection. Furthermore, the modified Ni foams show good reusability only through ethanol washing. The modified Ni foams could be used in the situations with severe water impact and large pressure difference owing to their high compressive modulus. It is expected that this facile pore size adjustment technology can provide us an easy scaled up method to construct filtering materials with high strength and oil/water separation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]