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Machinery operation is a major source of carbon emissions in building deconstruction. Early intervention through Design for Deconstruction (DfD) is crucial for emission reduction, yet the factors influencing these emissions are underexplored. This study integrates parametric BIM with multi-objective optimization (MOO) to assess mechanical carbon emissions in deconstruction. Using the Octopus solver in Grasshopper for Rhino, the study analyzes independent variables—possible working hours (PWH), vertical speed (VS), and horizontal speed (HS)—and dependent variables—minimum mechanical carbon emissions (MCE (min)), minimum deconstruction period (DP (min)), and maximum working efficiency (WE (max)). A lightweight steel roof truss structure is analyzed, comparing real-world deconstruction with optimized DfD schemes. Sensitivity analysis for BIM-MOO optimized results reveal that: (1) Adjusting PWH, VS, and HS significantly affects WE and DP, though with limited impact on carbon emissions; (2) VS influences WE and DP more than HS; (3) Limiting DP is essential for balancing WE, DP, and MCE, with WE adjusted to 20–60% and modifications to PWH and VS achieving balanced management. This study underscores the importance of early design and real-time adjustments for efficient, low-emission deconstruction, supporting the advancement of green building practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The coordinate determination of the rotation center of a space TT&C (Telemetry, Tracking and Command) radar is an important task of radar-calibration. The conventional method mostly using total stations is expensive, inefficient, and faces technological limitations. This paper presents a new method of measuring the rotation center coordinates of TT&C radar equipment using GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) high precision positioning technology, providing the principle, mathematical model, and data processing algorithm of the new method. According to the exclusively-designed scheme, the new method has been fully tested and validated from both simulation & real-scene radar test. The test result and comparison show that the new method requires fewer equipment, fewer participants, and shorter working hours, with 60% efficiency improvement, compared to the traditional method. The accuracy of the new method could reach millimeter level, with 45% accuracy improvement over the traditional method. In summary, the results show that the new method not only offers higher efficiency and lower cost, but also expands the application method and scene of high-precise GNSS positioning in signal-challenging environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates whether duration of working hours affect residents' preferences for the micro-features of Small Urban Green Spaces (SUGS), and explores differences across genders and visitation purposes. Little is known about this subject, yet it is crucial for creating more equitable green spaces. In phase 1, participants (n = 209; 30.9 ± 6.73 years, 59.3%male) were categorized by average daily working hours (0–8 h, 8–10 h, 10 h+), and rated 41 micro-feature images on their importance for visiting SUGS. Phase 2 included the top ten features ranked from phase 1, with participants (n = 256; 30.8 ± 5.12 years, 35.2% female) completing the Kano model survey to identify and explain the importance of features and different types of needs. Findings reveal a clear trend: extended work hours pivot resident preferences towards green space attributes promoting physical activity. For residents of 0–8 h valued aesthetic elements like sculptures and vegetation, while lighting became paramount for those with 8–10 h, and for those working over 10 h prioritized facilities for active engagement, such as playground equipment and slow runway. These distinctions provide valuable guidance for designing SUGS with diverse feature combinations that cater to the needs of residential areas with varying socio-economic backgrounds and occupational lifestyles, thereby enhancing urban livability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disease outbreaks are nowadays a critical issue despite the development and rapid growth of technology. One of the major challenges facing healthcare professionals and healthcare industries is disease prevention and control by technology. Due to busy work schedules, maintaining a healthy lifestyle has become impossible, so the solution to these previous challenges is the intelligent health monitoring system. Over the past few years, a lot of research has been done on the use of Machine learning (ML) techniques in healthcare applications. With wearable devices, ML greatly helps in tracking human activities and vital signs as well as helping to monitor and diagnose patients' health so it plays a huge role in elderly care. Research and development of more applications for wearable devices has been underway in the past five years, due to significant technological advances in medical sensors. Despite the widespread use of wearable devices, there is little research on machine learning applications of these devices. This paper presents a review of the different areas of recent ML research for healthcare wearable devices. It also discusses the different challenges facing ML applications on wearable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Questions: To provide workforce data on the status of Australian Emergency Department (ED) physiotherapy practice, including physiotherapist demographic data, staffing levels and funding sources. Evaluate the scope of practice currently undertaken by ED physiotherapists and alignment of ED physiotherapy service provision with demand levels. Design: Cross sectional survey. Participants: Australian physiotherapists working within an Australian ED. Outcome measures: Workforce data, scope of practice and alignment of physiotherapy service provision to ED presentations and demand. Results: 94 Australian ED physiotherapists completed the survey, 76.9% were working as primary contact clinicians. They had a diverse scope of practice, 100% perform mobility assessments, 89.9% provide care for paediatric patients and 10.1% were involved in administration of medications. 86.2% of participants (75/87) reported working within a service model that provided seven-day per week physiotherapy coverage to ED. Conclusion: The sample of ED physiotherapists were found to be experienced and highly trained clinicians with a diverse scope of practice, who are well placed to meet the unpredictable and highly variable patient caseload of Australian EDs. Significance: What this study adds: This study expands on current literature which suggests a much narrower scope of Australian ED physiotherapists. The study demonstrates the full capabilities and scope of ED physiotherapists, and potentially lead to a better understanding amongst the wider healthcare population and greater utilisation of physiotherapists in ED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many radiology programs utilize a night-float system to mitigate the effects of fatigue, improve patient care, and provide faster report turnaround times. Prior studies have demonstrated an increase in discrepancy rates during night-float shifts. Objectives: This study was performed to examine the effects of night-float shift work on radiology resident cognition. We hypothesized that there would be diminished cognitive function on testing following night-float shifts when compared to testing following day shifts. Methods: Diagnostic radiology residents in their second to fifth years of residency at a single institution were recruited to participate in this pilot study. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Lumosity Neurocognitive Performance Tests (NCPT), standardized performance tests that provide real-time, objective measurements of cognitive function. Study participants completed the NCPT in 5 sessions following 5 consecutive day shifts to evaluate their baseline cognitive function. The tests were re-administered at the end of consecutive night-float shifts to assess for any changes. Sleep was objectively monitored using actigraphy devices worn around the wrist during all study weeks. Descriptive and summary statistics were performed. Results: 23 prospectively recruited diagnostic radiology residents working night-float shifts took a mean 13.6 (± 5.1) neurocognitive performance tests during the study period. There was a statistically significant decline in 2 of the 6 cognitive tests administered, signifying a decrease in attention, speed, and complex reasoning ability. Night-float shifts were significantly longer than the day shifts and associated with a significantly higher study volume and cross-sectional study volume. Fitbit data demonstrated that there were no significant differences in level of activity while awake. However, participants slept significantly longer during day shifts. Conclusions: A sample of 23 radiology residents working night-float shifts demonstrated declines in attention, speed, and complex reasoning ability following sequential administration of standardized neurocognitive performance tests. While the sample size is small, these findings demonstrate the potential deleterious effects of night-float shift work and provide evidence to support further inquiry into this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Blood culture (BC) is the gold standard for diagnosing blood stream infections (BSI) but is limited by long turnaround times (TAT) and low detection rate. The T2 Magnetic Resonance method (T2MR) offers a rapid, culture-independent alternative. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of the T2Bacteria assay to BCs in a real-world setting. Methods: Retrospective comparative study consisting of T2Bacteria samples and BCs sampled within 72 h from the T2Bacteria sample. The primary outcome was detections by BC and T2Bacteria, respectively. The secondary outcome was difference in TAT. Results: In total, 640 episodes were included, consisting of 640 T2Bacteria samples and 2,117 BCs. A median of three BCs was collected for each T2Bacteria sample. Overall positivity was 101 (15.8%) by either method. In 29 (28.7%) episodes, both T2Bacteria and BC were concordantly positive. In discordant episodes, 46/101 (45.5%) episodes were T2Bacteria positive/BC negative and 26/101 (25.7%) were T2Bacteria negative/BC positive (McNemar χ2, p < 0,05). In T2Bacteria positive/BC negative episodes, eight had growth of the same microorganism in a non-BC culture. Median (IQR) TAT for BC was 35 h and 30 min (25 h 50 min − 45 h 24 min), compared to 21 h and 3 min (17 h 6 min − 27 h 30 m) for T2Bacteria (p < 0.001), with longer delays for samplings occurring outside work hours. Conclusions: The study highlights a high discordance between T2Bacteria and BC and suggests complementary roles of the methods in BSI diagnostics. Furthermore, it is crucial to improve TAT by reducing preanalytical delays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is sparse evidence on the joint effects of ill-health, health shocks and social protection on the intensive margin of labour supply, particularly in developing countries. We interact ill-health and health shocks with access to social protection and estimate their joint effects on weekly hours of work. Methods: We employ a zero-inflated Poisson model to assess joint effects of ill-health, health shocks and social protection on weekly hours of work exploiting pooled repeated cross-sectional data from Malawi. Results: We find that overall, individuals who suffered from ill-health or a health shock, including an illness/injury, a hospital admission or a chronic illness and benefited from social protection, reduced their weekly hours of work. Conclusions: The study provides novel empirical evidence on the potential joint effects of ill-health, health shocks and social protection on the intensive margin of labour supply, shedding light on the role social protection can play in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physician infertility has become a growing concern because of the increasingly high rates of infertility physicians experience associated with their strenuous work schedules, environmental exposures, and delayed family planning due to their necessitated years of training. Fortunately, there has been an increase in awareness, advocacy, and urgency for institutional support alongside this suboptimal association. This awareness is reflected in the vast existing literature regarding physician infertility; in this scoping review, we aggregated and assessed the current data as well as identified gaps in the available research. Including 56 articles regarding various aspects of the current state of physician infertility, we compiled and synthesized the available data to understand the role of infertility in physician family planning, including specific analyses for surgeons and comparisons of male and female physicians. We discussed the utilization and downsides of artificial reproductive technologies for this population in terms of finances and logistics, contributing to this complex and, until recently, neglected issue. Lastly, we reported on a multitude of suggestions aimed at medical training programs to help combat the complex issue of physician infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present research is aimed to determine the acute effect of post-activation potentiation (PAP) with squat and leg extension machine, static, dynamic, and no stretching warm up on stretch–shortening cycle (SSC) of knee extensors muscles during countermovement jump (CMJ) and soccer instep kicking (SIK) in female soccer players. Methods: Thirty semi-professional female soccer players with a mean age of 24.5 ± 2.63 years, were chosen randomly. Then, during non-successive days, all groups performed one of the warm-up programs regularly on working days (static, dynamic and no-stretching and PAPs). Then they performed CMJ and SIK in order to measure the eccentric knee angular velocity (EKAV), concentric knee angular velocity (CKAV), knee extension power (KEP), jump height (JH), and ball velocity (BV) through biomechanical evaluation. Results: Findings showed that there was a significant increase in EKAV, CKAV, KEP, HJ, and BV after warm up PAPs compared to other methods in both CMJ and SIK. Conclusion: Based on obtained results, it can be said that among the warm up methods and their effects on SSC of the knee for the extensor muscles, both PAP methods were the most effective methods in improving and increasing EKAV, CKAV, KEP, JH, BV during CMJ and SIK in professional female soccer players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women's contribution to livestock raising, in terms of both work participation and hours of work, is underestimated in India as elsewhere in the world. This is primarily because of limitations of data available in labour force surveys, many of which can be addressed by time use surveys (TUSs). This paper, first, explores data from a small TUS conducted in two villages of Karnataka. Insights from our ground-level study are tested econometrically by applying a two-way Heckman model to unit data from India's first national TUS, 2019. We estimated that 11 per cent of rural women participated in livestock raising and spent an average of 16 h a week. Age and education were significant factors: younger and educated women were less likely to engage in livestock raising, an observation linked to current technology and drudgery of work. Women's participation was higher in peasant households from privileged social groups than in poorer wage worker households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the effect of the anti-contagious policy on labor market outcomes in China. To measure the Zero-Covid Policy Interventions (ZPIs) implemented during 2020, we exploit the randomly emerged new cases of COVID-19 in a 14-day observation window and construct a conditionally exogenous measurement for cumulative duration of anti-contagious policy. Using a generalized difference-in-differences approach, we find that a 10% increase in the ZPIs heightened the probability of unemployment by around 0.1 percentage points. In contrast to most large economies that suffered a severe health shock from the COVID-19 pandemic, China effectively contained the scale and the spread of the initial outbreak in 2020 to the minimum level and avoided an overwhelmed and overloaded health system, which provides a unique empirical setting to examine the policy effect of anti-contagious policies. We show that the disruption in the labor market majorly results from the zero-Covid containment policy. Moreover, for employed individuals, the zero-Covid policy decreases working hours but not for the labor income, and the policy effect is heterogeneous by gender, age, education, and having a young child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effects of low-skilled immigration inflows on the motherhood gaps in wages among high-skilled women. Applying IV methods to U.S. census and ACS data, this paper first confirms previous findings in the literature that mothers are less willing to increase their work hours than childless women with inflows of low-skilled immigrants. However, the main contribution of the paper is showing that as the low-skilled labor supply increases, high-skilled mothers achieve more wage improvement than otherwise identical nonmothers. The findings in this paper imply that an increase in the low-skilled labor supply reduces the gender pay gap among high-skilled native workers, and most importantly, it is driven by women with children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shift work is increasingly recognized for its adverse long-term health impacts, yet its association with psychological well-being remains ambiguously understood. This study hypothesizes that variations in work activities between shift and non-shift workers may influence psychological outcomes. Existing literature, primarily rooted in industrial contexts, often neglects police service-specific factors, which are essential given the unavoidable nature of night and rotating shifts within this profession. A cross-sectional survey was implemented at the Aachen police headquarters to investigate the relationship between work hours, job characteristics, and psychological well-being among police officers. Drawing from the job demand-control-support model, this research examined time overload, activity scope, and social climate, alongside daily task completion ability, work time autonomy, and emotional stress related to police-specific activities. Out of 1239 solicited participants, a 65% response rate was achieved. The results showed that officers on rotating shifts (with and without night shifts) reported better mental well-being compared to those on standard day shifts. Shift work was associated with reduced working time autonomy, lesser time overload, and an increased likelihood of completing work tasks daily. However, no significant relationship was found between shift work and other job characteristics when these were controlled for, suggesting no direct effect of shift work on psychological well-being. The findings suggest that job characteristics associated with different working time models uniquely influence psychological well-being in the police service. This underscores the importance of integrating job characteristics into shift work planning to enhance officers' health. Identifying these influencing factors offers potential for significant improvements in work-design measures within the police service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Around 2 million people in the UK suffer from Long COVID (LC). Of concern is the disease impact on productivity and informal care burden. This study aimed to quantify and value productivity losses and informal care receipt in a sample of LC patients in the UK. Methods: The target population comprised LC patients referred to LC specialist clinics. The questionnaires included a health economics questionnaire (HEQ) measuring productivity impacts, informal care receipt and service utilisation, EQ-5D-5L, C19-YRS LC condition-specific measure, and sociodemographic and COVID-19 history variables. Outcomes were changes from the incident infection resulting in LC to the month preceding the survey in paid work status/h, work income, work performance and informal care receipt. The human capital approach valued productivity losses; the proxy goods method valued caregiving hours. The values were extrapolated nationally using published prevalence data. Multilevel regressions, nested by region, estimated associations between the outcomes and patient characteristics. Results: 366 patients responded to HEQ (mean LC duration 449.9 days). 51.7% reduced paid work hours relative to the pre-infection period. Mean monthly work income declined by 24.5%. The average aggregate value of productivity loss since incident infection was £10,929 (95% bootstrap confidence interval £8,844-£13,014) and £5.7 billion (£3.8-£7.6 billion) extrapolated nationally. The corresponding values for informal caregiving were £8,726 (£6,247-£11,204) and £4.8 billion (£2.6-£7.0 billion). Multivariate analyses found significant associations between each outcome and health utility and C19-YRS subscale scores. Conclusion: LC significantly impacts productivity losses and provision of informal care, exacerbated by high national prevalence of LC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyberloafing is common in today's organizational environment, where employees utilize the organization's internet during working hours for personal use. Based on the need to investigate what makes employees engage in such deviant behavior, this study investigates the influence of technology self-efficacy on cyberloafing with consideration for the mediating role of internet addiction and moderating role of three neutralization techniques. Hence, four hypotheses were proposed and statistically tested. Data were collected at three different periods from 334 employees of telecommunication companies in Pakistan. The study's findings revealed that internet addiction mediates the relationship between technology self-efficacy and cyberloafing by utilizing the PROCESS approach for mediation and moderation. Furthermore, denial of responsibility and defense of necessity is positively related to cyberloafing. Lastly, neutralization techniques moderate the relationship between internet addiction and cyberloafing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study was conducted to examine the self-blame and self-forgiveness attitudes of midwives who experienced traumatic obstetric events. The sample for this study consisted of 16 midwives who were actively working in obstetrics clinics. Data was collected using an Introductory Information Form and a Semi-structured Interview Form. The data was analysed using MAXQDA 2022 for content analysis. Colaizzi's phenomenological interpretation method was used during data analysis. As a result of the analysis of qualitative data, 4 themes and 12 sub-codes were created. The mean age of the midwives participating in the study was 27.56 + 3.38 years and the mean monthly working hours were 176.00 + 19.43. It was determined that midwives questioned themselves in terms of effective communication (43.8%), adequacy in care (37.5%), meeting expectations (25%), empathy (18.8%) and ethics/professional ethics (18.8%) during care practices. It was determined that religious beliefs (43.8%), the permanence of the damage in the patient (18.8%) and the time elapsed after the event (18.8%) affected the midwives' self-forgiveness after the obstetric traumatic events. In line with our study findings, it was determined that midwives blamed themselves because they felt ethically and morally responsible even in the absence of malpractice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expressway networks are continuously developing and emergency rescue demand is increasing proportionately. The location of expressway emergency rescue nodes needs refinement to meet changing requirements. In this study, the expressway was modeled as an expressway network. The differences in the origin destination (OD) distribution matrices for working days and major holidays were used as the bases for determining the need for temporary emergency rescue nodes. Overlapping and non-overlapping community detection algorithms were used to extract the distribution characteristics of OD during both day categories. These distributions were used to determine permanent and temporary emergency rescue sites. In this study, we considered the differences in traffic volume, distance, and impact of four vehicle types on traffic accidents to select the location of emergency rescue nodes, and allocate emergency resources. An emergency rescue node selection model for an expressway network was established based on spatio-temporal characteristics. The results based on a regional example determined that 22 permanent and 25 temporary emergency rescue nodes were appropriate. The average rescue time for traffic accidents during working days and major holidays compared to the P-center location model, was reduced by approximately 27.08% and 6.70%, respectively. The coefficient of variation of emergency rescue time was reduced by approximately 28.22% and 21.41%, respectively. The results indicated that the model satisfied the expressway emergency rescue demand requirements, and improved the rationality of the rescue center node layout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study, based primarily on job demands–resources model in the context of recovery, uses a mixed methods approach to examine the role that some work and family demands and boundary management tactics play in explaining work-nonwork balance and some related constructs, while also accounting for gender inequalities. The research involved 553 remote workers during the first lockdown in France caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The results confirmed that a high number of work-related emails or phone calls outside of working hours and the constant presence of children at home were risk factors; conversely, good supervisor support was positively related to recovery experiences and negatively related to work-family conflict and insomnia. Women reported higher levels of insomnia symptoms and had more difficulty disengaging from work and restoring their energy than men. The use of effective tactics– planning, having your own space to work, coordinating with your partner - was made more difficult by workload, use of technology, demands at home, the size of the home and, for women, likely gender inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time theft is an organizational deviant behavior that can have a serious negative impact on both the organization and the individual employees. There are two dimensions of time theft that are easily overlooked due to their high level of concealment: manipulating the speed of work and faking work hours. Based on self-presentation theory, this study constructs a theoretical model of the effects of careerist orientation on manipulating the speed of work and faking work hours, and examines the mediating role of self-monitoring and the moderating role of moral identity. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 306 employees in Chinese companies and analyzed by structural equation modeling. The results of the study show that careerist orientation can positively influence falsifying working hours and manipulating the speed of work not only directly but also indirectly through self-monitoring. In addition, moral identity can inhibit employees with careerist orientation from achieving their career goals because of falsifying working hours and manipulating the speed of work. This paper contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence that careerist orientation positively influences time theft behaviors through self-monitoring, highlighting the role of individual traits in organizational deviance. Furthermore, it enriches the field by demonstrating the moderating effect of moral identity, which inhibits the tendency of careerist-oriented employees to engage in time theft, offering new insights into the boundary conditions of unethical conduct in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nurse scheduling problem (NSP) has been a crucial and challenging research issue for hospitals, especially considering the serious deterioration in nursing shortages in recent years owing to long working hours, considerable work pressure, and irregular lifestyle, which are important in the service industry. This study investigates the NSP that aims to maximize nurse satisfaction with the generated schedule subject to government laws, internal regulations of hospitals, doctor-nurse pairing rules, shift and day off preferences of nurses, etc. The computational experiment results show that our proposed hybrid metaheuristic outperforms other metaheuristics and manual scheduling in terms of both computation time and solution quality. The presented solution procedure is implemented in a real-world clinic, which is used as a case study. The developed scheduling technique reduced the time spent on scheduling by 93% and increased the satisfaction of the schedule by 21%, which further enhanced the operating efficiency and service quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study uses NHS waiting times and osteoporosis medication community prescription datasets to assess the impact of COVID-19 on DXA waits and osteoporosis medication patterns in England. Results show significant increases in DXA waiting list times and variation in prescription rates. Investment is needed to improve waiting list times. Purpose: This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 on DXA scan waiting lists, service recovery and osteoporosis medication prescriptions in the NHS following the March 2020 national lockdowns and staff redeployment. Methods: Data from March 2019 to June 2023, including NHS digital diagnostics waiting times (DM01) and osteoporosis medication prescriptions from the English Prescribing Dataset (EPD), were analysed. This encompassed total waiting list data across England's seven regions and prescribing patterns for various osteoporosis medications. Analyses included total activity figures and regression analysis to estimate expected activity without COVID-19, using R for all data analysis. Results: In England, DXA waiting lists have grown significantly, with the yearly mean waiting list length increasing from 31,851 in 2019 to 65,757 in 2023. The percentage of patients waiting over 6 weeks for DXA scans rose from 0.9% in 2019 to 40% in 2020, and those waiting over 13 weeks increased from 0.1% in 2019 to 16.7% in 2020. Prescription trends varied, with increases in denosumab, ibandronic acid and risedronate sodium and decreases in alendronic acid, raloxifene hydrochloride and teriparatide. A notable overall prescription decrease occurred in the second quarter of 2020. Conclusion: COVID-19 has significantly increased DXA scan waiting lists with ongoing recovery challenges. There is a noticeable disparity in DXA service access across England. Osteoporosis care, indicated by medication prescriptions, also declined during the pandemic. Addressing these issues requires focused investment and effort to improve DXA scan waiting times and overall access to osteoporosis care in England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing scalable and affordable computing resources has become possible thanks to the development of the cloud computing concept. In cloud environments, efficient task scheduling is essential for maximizing resource usage and enhancing the overall performance of cloud services. This research offers a more effective method for using optimization techniques to improve the efficiency of cloud computing task scheduling. Data centers, hosts, and virtual machines (VMs) comprise cloud infrastructures, and work scheduling is crucial to achieving peak performance. To save time, money, energy, and reaction times, scheduling must be done effectively; the primary objective of this research is to develop and evaluate optimization techniques for task scheduling in cloud environments. The following goals are prioritized in the proposed work: (i) reducing the Total Execution Cost (TEC) of the scheduling process; (ii) reducing the Total Execution Time (TET) during mapping; (iii) achieving appropriate task-to-VM mapping to reduce Energy Consumption (EC); and (iv) reducing the overall Response Time (RT) of the cloud scheduling system. To accomplish these objectives, we offer a method based on the use of three optimization techniques: Tabu Search (T), Bayesian Classification (B), and Whale Optimization (W). Our experimental findings show that, in terms of accomplishing the targeted objectives, the suggested TBW optimization methodology outperforms more well-known approaches like GA-PSO and Whale Optimization. By offering insights into efficient resource usage techniques and overall system effectiveness by 95% for the range of 8 to 14 VMs, this work helps ongoing attempts to improve the performance of cloud computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When two tasks are presented simultaneously or in close succession, such as in the overlapping task paradigm of the psychological refractory period, dual-task performance on those tasks is usually impaired compared with separate single-task performance. Numerous theories explain these emerging dual-task costs in terms of the existence of capacity limitations in the constituent component tasks. The current paper proposes active dual-task coordination processes that work on the scheduling of these capacity-limited processes. Further, there are recent findings that point to a meta-cognitive control level in addition to these active coordination processes. This additional level's responsibility is to adjust the dual-task coordination of capacity-limited stages (i.e., coordination adjustment). I review evidence focusing on the existence of dual-task coordination processes and processes of coordination adjustment. The remainder of the paper elaborates on preliminary findings and points to the separability of these sets of processes, which is a key assumption of the framework of dual-task coordination adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have demonstrated the relevance of job demands-resources theory in examining the subjective well-being of Chinese university teachers. Nevertheless, the specific impact and mechanisms of various dimensions of job demands and resources on faculty members' subjective well-being are not well understood. This study seeks to identify the primary predictors of subjective well-being and to explore the connection between specific job demands-resources and subjective well-being through an examination of the sequential mediation of work stress and work-life balance. Questionnaires were completed by a total of 2302 faculty members from 302 universities in China. Correlation analysis and path analysis were employed to examine the relationships between job demands-resources and subjective well-being, as well as their influencing mechanisms. Job demands measured by work hours have a significant negative impact on the subjective well-being of university faculty, with teaching hours emerging as the primary negative predictor. Conversely, job resources have a significantly positive effect on faculty's subjective well-being, particularly decision participation, job security and extensive training, which serve as positive predictors. The relationship between job demands and faculty's subjective well-being is mediated by their work stress, and is further serially mediated by their work stress and work-life balance. Similar patterns are observed in the influence mechanism of job resources on subjective well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic congestion has caused great concern among policymakers in large cities around the world. In contrast with constantly increasing transport supply, individual-based active travel demand management (ATDM) has been proposed as a more efficient policy alternative for combating congestion. However, how individuals make routing choices during commuting in response to ATDM incentives is still largely unknown, given the lack of individual travel data. Using a desensitized one-week travel trajectory data set involving 5641 personal electric vehicles, we examine the major influencing factors of commuting route stability during working days and make suggestions on targeting the most responsive commuters. We first filter family-used vehicles by clustering vehicle usage patterns through employing the Gaussian mixture model and interpret drivers' route choice behaviors during morning peak hours. To look for factors affecting route stability, we develop a generalized additive model and find that route stability is significantly associated with road network density of origins and destinations, departure time, travel duration, commuting distance, reliability of the expressway, and volatility of the congested sections by which the routes passed. The empirical results may contribute to the understanding of individual route choices, and help urban managers develop more refined ATDM policies to alleviate traffic congestion in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teacher burnout is a worldwide problem, and discontent of the educators often leads to social action in forms of demonstrations and strikes. Studies often link teacher burnout to interpersonal and workplace factors. Social and societal factors, however, are rarely considered in the development of the symptoms. Our study aimed to reveal how the strength of teacher identity and different types of relative deprivation are associated with teacher burnout. A representative sample of 1797 Hungarian teachers participated in our survey study which aimed to measure exhaustion and disengagement as symptoms of burnout beside strength of teacher identity, working hours, egoistic and fraternalistic relative deprivation. The results of the Structural Equation Analysis showed that teacher identity is negatively linked to burnout symptoms. On the other hand, both types of relative deprivation and working hours are positively linked to burnout. The analysis of mediating paths also confirmed the Janus-faced effect of teacher identity: contrarily to its direct negative link to burnout, a positive mediating effect of teacher identity was revealed through fraternalistic relative deprivation. The findings indicate that the general judgement of teachers within society may contribute to burnout. Therefore, burnout research should focus on social comparison processes beside exploring intrapersonal and workplace factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shift work has become increasingly common in modern society. Shift work has been associated with a range of negative health outcomes. Therefore, this 10-years retrospective cohort study, aimed to investigate the relationship between shift work and blood and metabolic parameters. This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a metal parts manufacturing industry in 2023. In this study, 204 shift workers and 204 day workers were examined. All the studied blood and metabolic parameters were collected by reviewing the medical records of all participants during a 10-years period (2013–2022). Moreover, the amounts of physical, chemical, and ergonomics harmful agents in the work environment were investigated. All the collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. The values of Body Mass Index (BMI), Red Blood Cell Count (RBC), Platelets Count (PLT), Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Level (TSH), Fasting Blood Sugar Level (FBS), Creatinine, Triglyceride (TG), Liver Enzymes level (SGOT and SGPT), and Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) were higher among the shift work employees, and a significant difference was observed between the values of these parameters between the two groups. The results of logistic regression showed that the highest effect of shift work was observed on the parameters of FBS, TG, SGPT, TSH, Physical activity, BMI, Sleep duration, PLT, and Sleep quality with beta coefficient values of 0.49, 0.33, 0.29, 0.29, 0.20, 0.18, 0.14, 0.13 and, 0.11, respectively (p-value < 0.01). The present study contributes to a growing body of evidence that blood and metabolic factors are likely to be influenced by shift work. These findings have important implications for policy makers, highlighting the need for interventions to mitigate the negative health effects of shift work on workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gig economy (temporary, contract, and freelance online jobs rather than permanent positions) is a component of the fourth industrial revolution and preview of future work. The rise of digital platforms has increased career opportunities and income potential, particularly for women. Yet, the sex-disaggregated evidence regarding platform usage, employment characteristics, and working motivations and satisfaction remains untapped. Using data from a quantitative survey of Bangladeshi gig workers (242 men and 201 women) conducted in 2022, this paper addresses these gaps between male and female workers. The gig economy appears to be gender-segregated across digital platform usages and working categories. Women tend to prioritize digital work options for managing multiple responsibilities, while men are often driven by the potential for higher income. This study conceptually utilized the two-factor theory and empirically ordered a probit model to identify gender differences in job satisfaction. Job satisfaction was significantly increased by work-life balance, monthly income, and social-media connection, while an increase in working hours, complexity in payment systems, and unstable networks all led to a decrease in job satisfaction. The findings have implications for the future growth of the gig economy, provide new insights into gender differences in job satisfaction, and underscore the need for gender-sensitive policies in the online labor market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the relationship between shift-working nurses' social jetlag and body mass index (BMI) and provide a theoretical basis for nursing managers to develop appropriate health interventions. Shift work is unavoidable in nursing and is associated with circadian rhythm disorders. Social jetlag is prevalent in shift-working nurses and is associated with adverse health outcomes (particularly metabolism-related indicators). BMI is a significant metabolic indicator, and research has demonstrated its effectiveness in predicting the formation of metabolic syndrome. The relationship between social jetlag and BMI can be explained by considering physiological, psychological, and behavioral factors. However, most studies on social jetlag and health status are focused on non-shift nurse populations, with fewer studies on shift workers. Five tertiary hospitals located at similar latitudes in Southwest China were selected for the study. We surveyed 429 shift-working nurses using sociodemographic data, the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire for Shift Workers, and BMI. The restricted cubic spline model was used to analyze the relationship between social jetlag and BMI among shift-working nurses, and segmented linear regression was performed around the inflection point using multiple linear regression analysis. The results revealed that social jetlag (82.0 [85.0] min) was experienced by 64.6% of the shift-working nurses. After controlling for confounding variables, the model with seven knots had the lowest accepted Akaike information criterion value, and there was a U-shaped relationship between shift-working nurses' BMI and social jetlag in this model; its inflection (lowest) point of 20.7 was considered the cut-off point. Segmented regression showed that for BMI < 20.7, BMI was significantly negative with standardized social jetlag; whereas with BMI > 20.7, BMI was significantly positive with standardized social jetlag. BMI has a U-shaped relationship with social jetlag, and attention should be paid to overweight or underweight shift-working nurses to detect early circadian rhythm disorder. Shift-working nurses with high social jetlag tended to have higher/lower BMI, which should be further investigated in the future, to minimize metabolic diseases among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The allocation of resident physicians to clinical rotations presents a complex challenge that requires balancing multiple objectives with the goals of providing optimal patient care, maintaining adequate departmental staffing, and maximizing residents' training experience. While adhering to governing guidelines and training regulations, these physicians must comply with curricular milestones and educational goals for progression that must be achieved within specific time constraints. This manuscript reports on how to create annual master rotation schedules to meet the training requirements for 60 residents, while addressing the requirements detailed above. Methods: Trainees in the field of Emergency Medicine have to meet variable essential annual curricula requirements. Methods of preparing rotations in different Emergency Departments are presented which usually need early planning to ensure the best coordination and number allocation among the different internal and external collaborative departments. This off-institution and off-service external rotation is an educational necessity regulated by the Saudi Commission of Health Sciences to maximize residents' exposure and meet the expected educational milestones unique to Emergency Medicine training. Results: We report how to create annual master rotation schedules to meet the training requirements for 60 Emergency Medicine residents, while maintaining steady adequate departmental staffing and accommodating the different external rotation capacities, a task that is usually handled by the chief residents and program director. Although some parts of this process can be performed by using scheduling software or with particular decision support management systems, many steps are still filtered and checked manually. External circumstances mandate changes in schedules that require last-minute changes which may overrule training restrictions and make them unfeasible. Conclusion: To create such an agile schedule, we maintain a standardized template with preset blocks and rotations. Residents can choose the most suitable track that meets their preference for year-long rotation blocks. Thus, we minimize the individual variability in the preset allocations, guarantee an even distribution, give equal chances to each resident to accommodate and approximate their individual preferences, and decrease the overall workload and time consumed annually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The literature is nonexistent on the assessment of overall fractions of diseases attributable to multiple dependent psychosocial work factors. The objectives of the study were to calculate the overall fractions of coronary heart diseases (CHD) and depression attributable to multiple dependent psychosocial work factors in 35 European countries. Methods: We used already published fractions of CHD and depression attributable to each of the following psychosocial work factors: job strain, effort-reward imbalance, job insecurity, long working hours, and workplace bullying. We took all exposures and their correlations into account to calculate overall attributable fractions. Wald tests were performed to test differences in these overall attributable fractions between genders and between countries. Results: The overall fractions of CHD and depression attributable to all studied psychosocial work factors together were found to be 8.1% [95% CI: 2.0-13.9] and 26.3% [95% CI: 16.2–35.5] respectively in the 35 European countries. There was no difference between genders and between countries. Conclusion: Our study showed that the overall fractions attributable to all studied psychosocial work factors were substantial especially for depression. These overall attributable fractions may be particularly useful to evaluate the burden and costs attributable to psychosocial work factors, and also to inform policies makers at European level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preference for reduced work hours is well-known to be associated with various social ramifications, but research on the determinants of workers' preference is generally limited to investigating individual and job characteristics. Building on the paradigm of the social construction of gender, the life-course perspective, and scholarship on welfare policy, we examine the relationships between heterosexual dual-earner couples' work hour arrangements and men's and women's own preferences for reduced work hours, as well as their desire for their spouses' reduced work hours in 19 countries. This study contributes to the literature on gendered work hour preferences by theorizing and analyzing two gendered family-centered contexts: couples' adaptive strategies and work-family policy regimes as two main theoretical frameworks. Thus, our approach allows examining which couple-level strategies and policies can combat hours' mismatch, given the gendered structure of work opportunities and gender norms. Second, we offer the first examination of the role that defamilization policies play in shaping preferences for reduced hours at the couple level. Using the 2010 European Social Survey, this study documents a pervasive preference for reduced work hours for men and women in dual-earner couples. Multilevel models indicate that, regardless of dual-earner couples' work hour arrangements, individuals generally report preferences for working hours for themselves and their spouses that conform to a modified male breadwinner-female homemaker model. Moreover, individuals in dual-earner couples in countries with less developed work-family policies feel more pressed for time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates the relationship between employee daily social and temporal comparison and positive change in the form of change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (OCB-CH). Using insights from self-determination theory, social comparison theory and the two-facet model of authentic and hubristic pride, we tested two distinct process models in this relationship, namely an autonomous and a controlled path. The autonomous path represents the expression of intrinsic growth tendencies relating to prosociality, creativity and healthy emotion regulation. We hypothesized that this expression is instigated by the experience of growth denoted by favorable, downward temporal comparisons and leads to authentic, rather than hubristic, pride. Subsequently, proceeding through the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs, the path eventually leads to OCB-CH. Participants from various occupational sectors (N=68) responded to a daily diary questionnaire (N=340) at the end of each of five working days. Multilevel mediational analyses supported the autonomous path: on days when employees perceived themselves as engaging in more downward temporal comparison, they were more likely to engage in OCB-CH via the experience of authentic pride and satisfaction of the basic psychological needs. These findings expand self-determination theory by revealing why downward temporal comparison information fosters proactive behaviors within organizational contexts in general and the initiation of positive change in the form of OCB-CH in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the characteristics of Japan's dual labor market, which consists of standard and non-standard employment. I conduct labor stock and flow analyses using Japanese Labour Force Survey data from 2002 to 2022. The stock analysis suggests that, in the long run, non-standard employment improves labor market conditions, such as employment and unemployment rates. Changes in the composition of standard and non-standard employment reduce the average hours per worker in the long run but play a limited role over the business cycles. The flow analysis reveals that inflows and outflows involving non-standard employment have relatively significant effects on changes in employment and unemployment rates. This feature of non-standard employment is more pronounced for females and young individuals. The flow analysis also shows that within-employment reallocation, that is, transitions between standard and non-standard employment, primarily determines the changes in the share of non-standard employment. The sluggish movement between these two types of contracts leads to a persistently high level of non-standard employment in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Swiss national union of residents and attendings (VSAO) has voiced its desire for a transition from the current 48 h work week to a 42 + 4 h work week, in which 42 h be focused on patient care with the remaining 4 h be dedicated solely to training purposes. This could potentially result in a significant decrease in surgical education time. The current study seeks to address the issues involved in its implementation as well as possible compensatory mechanisms. Methods: This mixed methods study seeks to clearly underline the challenges associated with the implementation of a 42 + 4 h work week. First, the major stakeholders were identified and analysed via umbrella review. Thereafter, a classic stakeholder analysis was performed. Via morphological matrix, possible models for the implementation of a 42 + 4 h work week were developed and evaluated. Finally, representatives from the identified stakeholder groups were interviewed and given the opportunity to provide feedback. Results: A total of 26 articles were identified by the literature search and were used to identify the major stakeholders and issues involved in the implementation of the desired work hour regulation. Overall, these showed conflicting results with regard to the effect decreased working hours would have on surgical training and patient outcomes. In the end, the morphological matrix produced three feasible and desirable models for the implementation of a 42 + 4 h work week. Each included compensatory mechanisms like auxiliary staff, reduction in administrative tasks, and a switch to EPAs. In their interviews, the stakeholders generally supported these solutions. Conclusion: Given the increasing emphasis on the importance of a positive work-life balance, it seems inevitable that the next few years will see the introduction of a 42 + 4 h work week in Switzerland. However, it is imperative that every effort be made to preserve the quality of training and patient care for the next generations. This will require the cooperation of all stakeholders in order to find workable solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Paediatric digital tip injuries are a common presentation. Controversy exists in the use of composite grafts as a method of repair regarding the time of inset and likelihood of graft survival. We sought to determine our experience of composite graft as a method of fingertip reconstruction, and compare the time of graft replacement to viability with the traditionally accepted five-hour mark from injury to graft inset. Methods: Demographics, cause and level of injury, time to replacement and graft survival were analysed from the clinical notes of 40 complete amputations. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the outcomes of graft viability from the time of injury to graft inset. Secondary measures included rates of infection, wound problems, nail deformities and the requirement for a secondary operation. Results: No significant differences in graft survival were found for those inset before or after five hours, or within in our range of data. There were no significant adverse events or secondary revisions. Conclusions: We conclude that composite grafting of injured paediatric digital tips can be delayed until normal working hours if the patient presents out with this time. We propose an algorithm that has been implemented in our department.. Level of evidence: Level III, Therapeutic [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of intensive care units (ICUs) and their organization in healthcare systems. However, ICU capacity and availability are ongoing concerns beyond the pandemic, particularly due to an aging population and increasing complexity of care. This study aimed to assess the current and future shortage of ICU physicians in France, ten years after a previous evaluation. A national e-survey was conducted among French ICUs in January 2022 to collect data on ICU characteristics, medical staffing, individual physician characteristics, and education and training capacities. Results: Among 290 ICUs contacted, 242 responded (response rate: 83%), representing 4943 ICU beds. The survey revealed an overall of 300 full time equivalent (FTE) ICU physician vacancies in the country. Nearly two-thirds of the participating ICUs reported at least one physician vacancy and 35% relied on traveling physicians to cover shifts. The ICUs most affected by physician vacancies were the ICUs of non-university affiliated public hospitals. The retirements expected in the next five years represented around 10% of the workforce. The median number of physicians per ICU was 7.0, corresponding to a ratio of 0.36 physician (FTE) per ICU bed. In addition, 27% of ICUs were at risk of critical dysfunction or closure due to vacancies and impending retirements. Conclusion: The findings highlight the urgent need to address the shortage of ICU physicians in France. Compared to a similar study conducted in 2012, the inadequacy between ICU physician supply and demand has increased, resulting in a higher number of vacancies. Our study suggests that, among others, increasing the number of ICM residents trained each year could be a crucial step in addressing this issue. Failure to take appropriate measures may lead to further closures of ICUs and increased risks to patients in this healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine whether acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients in Switzerland return to work and identify factors associated therewith. Data of 4315 working-age AMI patients enrolled in the Swiss AMIS Plus registry between 01/2006 and 09/2021 with 1-year follow-up and self-reported work status were analyzed. Patient characteristics were compared between those who did not reduce their work hours, those who reduced, and those who were no longer working 1 year after AMI. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze independent predictors of working ability. Of the patients, 3204 (74.3%) did not reduce their work hours, 592 (13.7%) reduced and 519 (12.0%) were no longer working 1 year after AMI. Women were more likely to reduce or stop working. Patients who did not reduce were more frequently young and male. Multinomial logistic regression showed that work reduction was associated with female sex and a Killip class > 2 at admission whereas stopping work was associated with female sex and comorbidities. A high rate of AMI patients in Switzerland (88%) return to work 1 year after AMI. Approximately 1 in 8 did not return to work and approximately 1 in 7 reduced their work hours. Important factors associated with reducing or no longer working after AMI were female sex, older age and a higher proportion of comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PhD students come to work in academic environments that are characterized by long working hours and work done on non-standard hours due to increasing job demands and metric evaluation systems. Yet their long working hours and work at non-standard hours are often seen as a logical consequence of their intellectual quest and academic calling and may even serve as a proxy for their research engagement. Against that background, quantitative data from 514 PhD students were used to unravel the complex relationships between different aspects of time use and PhD students' work engagement. While the results support the academia as a calling thesis to some extent, they also show that the relationships between long and non-standard working hours and research engagement are partly negated by the fact that the same working time characteristics lead to perceived time pressure and lack of time sovereignty, which in turn negatively affects their engagement. Moreover, the mechanism behind this negation varies across scientific disciplines. These subjective working time characteristics are the same alarm signals that are flagged as risk factors in academic staff for occupational stress, burnout, and work-life imbalance and thus cannot be ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effects of studying abroad through the Erasmus Programme (EP), a European Union programme launched primarily to foster international mobility and cultural exchange of University students, on the school-to-work transition of university graduates. Since a satisfactory transition does not only mean finding a job, but also concerns the wage level and the quality of work, such as stability, working hours and risk of overeducation, we consider all these aspects in order to draw a comprehensive picture of the effect of the EP. We exploit a composite dataset, built on administrative and survey data, covering all graduates from the largest Italian university from 2011 to 2015, and replicate the analysis on a national sample of graduates to verify whether the results can be extended nationwide. Estimates are provided, based on a PSM procedure, of the effects of the EP on the probability of employment, including abroad, on the quality of jobs and on wage levels at different points in time after graduation. We also investigate whether less advantaged students benefit from the Erasmus experience, and provide insights about the role of the foreign languages skills. The results show that the participation in the EP improves employment prospects at least in the short term, as well as the quality of job, and has a positive long term effect on the participants' ability to find a job abroad. The wages of participants are persistently higher than those of non-participants. Less advantaged groups also benefit from the Erasmus experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the shift scheduling problem of the personnel who maintain the 324 trains operating on the lines of the Ankara Metro, which carry approximately 10 million passengers per month, is discussed. In the problem, daily personnel needs and personnel qualifications are evaluated together according to the fault prediction. Firstly, a total of 1721 fault data for 181 days is analyzed, and the prediction is made according to 8 prediction methods. Then, a 30-day fault prediction is made with the prediction method, which has the least error rate. According to the number of faults obtained as a result of the prediction, the daily personnel requirement is determined. Then, according to the type of fault, the personnel are classified as electronics, electromechanics, and mechanics. It is aimed at distributing the personnel evenly to the shifts. The goal programming model is used to solve the problem, allowing us to add more than one goal to the model. When the solution results of the problem are compared with the current schedule, it is seen that the monthly total working hours are distributed equally, and the shifts are distributed fairly, and a necessary balance is achieved in the shifts according to the personnel qualifications. It is thought that this study, in which personnel qualifications and fault prediction are evaluated together, will contribute to the literature on railway maintenance personnel scheduling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of the platform economy has raised concerns about workers' conditions and job satisfaction. In this study, we examine the relationship between working hours and job satisfaction using unique data from on-demand delivery couriers. Our analysis shows that long working hours negatively affect job satisfaction, particularly among those with prior full-time employment, limited courier experience, third-party recruitment, and marital status. To address endogeneity concerns, we employ an instrumental variable approach, using monthly precipitation and working hours of peers as instruments, which confirms the robustness of our findings. The mechanism analysis further suggests that the negative effect of long working hours is mediated by factors such as physical health status and career identity. Our study highlights the need for regulatory measures to protect platform economy workers from excessive workloads and to enhance job satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine how working from home (WFH) affects men's participation in childcare and housework and their attitudes toward family. Because WFH is an endogenous decision, we apply a first-difference instrumental variable estimator, taking the degree to which one can work from home, measured at the individual level, as the instrument. We find that WFH increases the time that men spend on household chores and with family, and the fraction of men who consider life more important than work. Although WFH decreases their commuting time, we find no evidence that it reduces working hours or self-perceived productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore the occurrence of work adjustments for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) across types of occupations (managerial, office, and manual workers). Methods: All working-aged (20–50 years) residents in Sweden diagnosed with MS were invited to participate in a web-based survey in 2021. Responses were linked to individual-level nationwide registers. Descriptive analyses were conducted to compare sociodemographic and clinical variables across occupations as well as other responses. The odds ratio of having any adjustment at work was determined using multinomial logistic regression. Results: From all 4412 respondents (52% response rate), 3313 employees were included. The majority were women (72%) and had low (24.2%) or mild disease severity (44.7%). Nevertheless, different work adjustments across occupations were observed. Compared to the other occupations, office workers reported more invisible symptoms, more work adjustments and considered adapted schedules as the most important adjustment. On the contrary, more managers reported having no limiting symptoms and consequently, disclosed their diagnosis less often. They also reported having fewer work adjustments and more opportunities to modify their work than office and manual workers. Manual workers had a higher likelihood to report needing more support at work than office workers and managers. Further, a higher likelihood of having work adjustments was associated with progressive MS, higher MS severity, and invisible symptoms. Conclusion: A more severe clinical profile of MS was associated with having work adjustments. The physical demands and responsibilities of an occupation play an important role when requesting and getting work adjustments amongst employees with MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The growth of global food delivery (FD), which could reach a market value of 1510 billion dollars by 2027, could raise significant sustainability concerns, especially in terms of the social impact related to the expansion of the gig economy. This study, therefore, aims to analyze the social sustainability of the FD, taking Italy as a case study. The results could be a baseline to suggest practices that could promote a more socially responsible FD sector. Methods: Social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) was used, following the guidelines of the Product Social Impact Life Cycle Assessment (PSILCA) and considering four categories of stakeholders (workers, value chain actors, society, and local community), 11 risk categories, and 13 subcategories, mainly based on both the availability of data and their adherence to the objectives of the study and FD. Results and discussion: The main risks are associated with low wages, improper working hours, high accidentality, and approximation in food handling. Specifically, the wages of riders, 23% of whom are migrants, are just 14% above the poverty line in Italy and 67% below the median income. With 30-h work weeks, moreover, riders may face high risks of economic vulnerability. Stressful working conditions and the absence of mandatory protective equipment have resulted in 17 fatalities × 100,000 workers and 25 accidents × 1000 workers, which could generate a medium risk that violations of labor laws will occur. All this is also due to the low unionization in the Italian FD. Finally, results also show a flaw in food safety, as riders are not required to have HACCP and ATP attestation. Conclusions: Italian legislation and the business models of FD companies are still shown to be insufficient to guarantee the fairness of protections for riders, which are substantiated by low wages, high accident rates, poor union rights, and improper working hours. In addition, doubts are raised about the hygiene of containers carrying food during transport, as they could induce a potential microbiological health risk for consumers, especially related to food handling during transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An exemplary for emerging knowledges and the capacity to provide reliable cloud services, cloud computing. Giving consumers on-demand access to "unlimited" computer resources is one of the key components of cloud computing. Single cloud-holding resources, however, are typically constrained and might not be able to handle the unexpected spike in user demands. In order to support resource sharing amongst clouds, the multi-cloud concept is thus established. These days, offering resources and administrations across numerous clouds is unquestionably amazing. The goal of conventional research on cloud scheduling is to reduce costs or increase speed. However, the major indicator of QoS and a vital problem is the dependability of work process scheduling. As a result, multi-objective scheduling for a logical work process in a multi-cloud environment is suggested in this research with the goal of controlling the work process while also balancing cost and timeliness while satisfying the criterion of reliability. The adaptive golden eagle optimisation (AGEO) algorithm is created to realise this idea. The solution encoding, fitness analysis, and updating functions are used in the proposed algorithm's validation. Different workflow models are employed for the experimental study, and performance is assessed using various indicators. The projected approach attained 1920 utilization. Similarly, the PSO and GA achieved 1901 and 1900 utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current correlational study aimed to examine the relationship between father involvement, co-parenting relationship quality, and social-emotional behaviors of children and adolescents ages 4–17 in the collectivistic, patriarchal societal context of Pakistan. A purposive sampling strategy was used to collect data from 160 fathers, who gave information about their involvement in child-rearing activities, co-parenting relationship quality with their wives, and the social-emotional behaviors of their children. The results indicated that father involvement has a negative correlation (r =.11; p =.07) with child problem behaviors; moreover, there was a significant positive correlation with child pro-social behaviors (r =.15; p =.04). Whereas co-parenting relationship quality had a significant negative correlation (r =.30; p <.001) with child problem behaviors and a significant positive correlation of (r =.29; p <.001) with child pro-social behaviors. Results of the moderation analysis showed that the working hours of the father moderate the relationship between father involvement and the pro-social behaviors of children (B = −.014, p =.02). In conclusion, it can be stated that flexibility in the work hours of fathers and helping them be involved with their families can aid the healthy development of children and families in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Earth's climate changes are progressing at an alarming rate. One of the most severe effects of climate change is extreme heat. This study aimed to assess knowledge and adaptation behavior to heat-related illness (HRI) among solid waste disposal workers in the 10th of Ramadan City, Egypt, and to study the predictors for their knowledge and adaptation behavior. Methods: An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 solid waste disposal workers. A structured interview questionnaire was used to assess the studied workers' sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, heat exposure risk, and their knowledge, and adaptation behavior. Results: The results showed that 40% and 30% of participants had adequate levels of total knowledge and adaptation behavior, respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between workers' knowledge and both age and education. There was a statistically significant relationship between workers' adaptation behavior and age, duration of employment, working hours, and education. A binary logistic regression for significant predictors of knowledge and adaptation behavior showed that age and education were the most significant predictors. Conclusion: Solid waste disposal workers were at high risk of HRI due to their low levels of knowledge and adaptation behavior regarding HRI. Educational health programs that guide workers to follow healthy behaviors and prevent HRI are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]