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Late onset of hereditary cerebellar cortical abiotrophy has been described in a large variety of canine breeds. In some reported conditions, the cerebellar lesion is combined with degeneration of other systems. Here we describe a new hereditary cerebellar cortical degeneration in eight adult American Staffordshire and Pit Bull Terriers. The neuronal degeneration in these animals not only affects Purkinje cells of the cerebellum but also certain thalamic nuclei. In addition, nerve cell loss appears to be associated with a lysosomal storage disease, which is restricted to the affected cell populations. The stored material was histologically and ultrastructurally identified as fluorescent lipopigment. Since animals were euthanized at various stages of the disease, it could be shown that lysosomal storage preceded neuronal loss. Selective involvement of restricted neuronal populations is highly unusual in ceroid lipofuscinoses. It remains to be determined if the present neurodegenerative disease is caused by a primary or secondary neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canine distemper virus (CDV), a negative-stranded RNA morbillivirus, causes a persistent infection within the central nervous system resulting in a progressive, multifocal demyelinating disease. Demyelination is thought to be caused by a selective alteration of the myelin-producing oligodendrocytes. Metabolic impairment and morphological changes of the oligodendrocytes after CDV infection have previously been observed in vitro as well as in vivo. Until now it has been suggested that the oligodendrocytes completely disappear from CDV-induced demyelinating lesions. However, ultrastructural analysis in brain tissue sections and immunohistochemical examination of oligodendrocytes in dog brain cell cultures contradicted these observations. In this study oligodendrocytes from different categories of CDV-induced lesions were examined by in situ hybridization for proteolipid protein mRNA and – as a new tool employed on canine brain tissue sections – by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, a myelin-specific enzyme. A down-regulation in the myelin gene transcription was detected already before demyelination occurred. However, a decrease in the number of oligodendrocytes was not observed until demyelination became evident. Although there was further depletion of oligodendrocytes in plaques with progressive demyelination, we demonstrated for the first time that these cells were still present in a significant amount even in chronic, completely demyelinated distemper lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The monoclonal antibody (mAB) L1, which binds to the nucleocapsid protein of canine distemper virus (CDV), was shown to bind to avirulent CDV obtained after serial passages in Vero cells, but not to two different virulent demyelinating CDV-strains propagated in dog glial cell cultures. However, when both virulent CDV-strains were passaged through Vero cells they expressed, after a number of passages, an epitope recognized by mAB L1. The occurrence of the L1 epitope appeared to coincide with loss of virulence in animal inoculation experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The weight-average M and number-average M molecular weights of gum arabic are identical after a proteolysis treatment with pronase. The value (1.8×10) is closed from M early reported in the literature whereas M before treatment are dispersed for a large lot of samples up to more 10. This can be interpreted by the 'wattle blossom' model for which some homogeneous chains of molecular weight c.a. 2.10 are still linked to a protein core, the crude gum being a mixture of this complex and free chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potentiometric data of arabic acid in salt-free aqueous Solutions can be interpreted by the Lifson-Katchalsky cell model. The best fit between experimental and theoretical titration curves is obtained using a spatial intercharge distance of 11 Å. This value is corroborated by equilibrium dialysis binding of Ethidium Bromide. When compared with already published results, the apparent charge density of arabic acid is four to six times higher than if it was a linear polyelectrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data from three different data sources were compiled to estimate the presence of Coxiella burnetii in the Belgian Limburg province for both humans and livestock. First, serological data of all samples sent to the Belgian reference centre (2003-2010) for human Q fever were analysed, showing evidence for an acute Q fever infection in 1-5% of the cases. Second, a multi-centre prospective survey was conducted in Limburg in 2010 to detect undiagnosed human cases; evidence for a recent infection with Coxiella burnetii was found in three out of 100 patients from which clinicians suspected a Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Third, we analyzed data from the Belgian livestock screening program (2009-2010) which consisted of investigating all reported abortions, sampling tank milk, and serological screening of cattle. The results suggest an endemicity in the Limburgian livestock which seems to be especially high in cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]