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Utilization of waste pollution to solve electromagnetic waves pollution is a good strategy towards a green future. In this study, we have used two different biowastes, wheat stubble and peanut hulls, as biocarbon sources to obtain two diverse inherited morphologies, i.e., sheet-like morphology from wheat stubble and distorted/ripped biocarbon morphology from peanut hulls. Detailed microwave absorption characterization analysis shows that the distorted/ripped morphology has better reflection loss and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) as compared to the sheet-like morphology. Furthermore, MnFe 2 O 4 particles are also used to get composites with both types of biocarbon. The minimum reflection loss (RLmini) value achieved by the ripped biocarbon/ MnFe 2 O 4 is − 40.6 dB, with EAB being 5.6 GHz (13.2–7.6 GHz). Our findings show that better microwave absorption performance is attributed to the distorted/ripped morphology and by biocarbon– MnFe 2 O 4 synergetic influence. These findings open a route for biowaste and magnetic waste to be used in controllable microwave absorption applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intellectual disability, a genetically and clinically varied disorder and is a significant health problem, particularly in less developed countries due to larger family size and high ratio of consanguineous marriages. In the current genetic study, we investigate and find the novel disease causative factors in the four Pakistani families with severe type of non-syndromic intellectual disability. For genetic analysis whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing was performed. I-TASSER and Cluspro tools were used for Protein modeling and Protein–protein docking. Sanger sequencing confirms the segregation of novel homozygous variants in all the families i.e., c.245 T > C; p.Leu82Pro in SLC50A1 gene in family 1, missense variant c.1037G > A; p.Arg346His in TARS2 gene in family 2, in family 3 and 4, nonsense mutation c.234G > A; p.Trp78Term and missense mutation c.2200G > A; p.Asp734Asn in TBC1D3 and ANAPC2 gene, respectively. In silico functional studies have found the drastic effect of these mutations on protein structure and its interaction properties. Substituted amino acids were highly conserved and present on highly conserved region throughout the species. The discovery of pathogenic variants in SLC50A1, TARS2, TBC1D1 and ANAPC2 shows that the specific pathways connected with these genes may be important in cognitive impairment. The decisive role of pathogenic variants in these genes cannot be determined with certainty due to lack of functional data. However, exome sequencing and segregation analysis of all filtered variants revealed that the currently reported variants were the only variations from the respective families that segregated with the phenotype in the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pakistan's conventional feed supply is rapidly depleting, forcing the country to turn to non-conventional sustainable feed to meet the demand of the livestock and fishery sectors. The current study investigates the effect of pH on the nutritional composition of Lemna minor L., a freshwater macrophyte and a potential alternative feed. Fronds were grown in a pH range of 4–10 and replicated three times. The growth rate was highest (90 g m−2 day−1) at pH 7 while lowest (40 g m−2 day−1) at pH 4. Protein content dropped sharply at pH 4, but the highest (31 g/100 g) was found at pH 7 and 8. The lipid fraction was high at greater pH values (9, 10), while low in acidic conditions. Carbohydrate was maximum (59.3 g/100 g dw). A higher level of Ca (34, 37, 38 mg/100 g dw) was observed in pH 5 and 6 while low Ca content (24 mg/100 g dw) was recorded for the control group. In contrast, the Mg level slightly increased with increasing pH while the maximum concentration (32 mg/100 g dw) was observed at pH 10 and in the control group. High Fe moiety (936 mg/100 g) was found at pH 5 and 6. Higher Mn (3.0 mg/100 g) was seen at a slightly acidic pH. The lowest level of Mn (1.7 mg/100 and 2.0 mg/100) was recorded at pH 9 and 10, respectively. The highest fraction of Zn (0.08 mg/100 g) was observed in pH 6 and 7 while the lowest Zn came at pH 9. The study concluded that L. minor grows best between pH 6 and 10 under the current agroclimatic conditions of Pakistan with an optimal nutritional profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]