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Living labs (LLs) are identified as innovation ecosystems to test and facilitate the diffusion of complex technological innovation, rising attention especially on cutting-edge automotive technologies. Autonomous and connected vehicles are indeed expected to deeply affect the automotive industry and the society in the coming years, by involving important technological, political, social, and legal issues. In such a complex framework, where different fields and stakeholders are deeply intertwined, new modes of interaction between multiple actors are necessary to support such technological innovation. By focusing on the case of the Modena Automotive Smart Area, an urban LL located within the Italian Motor Valley, we analyze the evolution of roles and relationships among the involved government, academia and industry actors. More specifically, by adopting the lens of Triple Helix model in practice, the purpose of the paper is to analyze how the actors contribute to and relate within the knowledge, consensus and innovation spaces, in a time span from before the formal inception of the LL to three years after. Results highlight how actors' collaboration and participation unfold in the creation of the LL when complex innovative technologies are tested in real urban environment, hence contributing to burgeoning literature on LL and the current academic debate on triple helix model. Policy and practical implications are also derived [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research attempts to construct a second order observation model in understanding the significance of Artificial intelligence (AI) in changing the global power structure. Because of the inevitable ubiquity of AI in the world societies' near future, it impacts all the sections of society triggering socio-technical iterative developments. Its horizontal impact and states' race to become leader in the AI world asks for a vivid understanding of its impact on the international system. To understand the latter, Triple Helix (TH) model along with Shannon's information entropy has been used to operationalize system's theory. This model uses Shannon's information theory to calculate the uncertainty generated from the interactions between the sub-systems considered. Data for the latter has been taken from Sanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory 2019 report. It is found that European countries are the most effected in the AI era, with probability of losing their global influence and thus creating power void. Emerging powers such as India, Canada, South Africa and Brazil have better chances to fill the void and emerge as global influences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research analyses the European landscape of innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). To achieve this objective, data collected from the Horizon 2020 strategy is extracted, which includes 1055 research projects that focus on innovation in SMEs. A complex network analysis is carried out at three levels: (1) at aggregated level by participating European countries, (2) at aggregated level according to the actors of the Triple Helix model, and (3) at disaggregated level according to the individual entities participating in the program. The results allow us to understand the European environment that drives innovation in SMEs. First, this study provides a descriptive overview of the relationships between European countries that favor innovation, and it also describes the positioning of each of them in the joint network. Second, this analysis is able to identify the most relevant agents in the network, the Big Science Centers, and their relationships with industry and public institutions. This study can be used as an analytical tool to improve knowledge transfer in complex ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decades much attention has been dedicated to the interpretation of relevant phenomena in the socio-economic field, highlighting the need of general frameworks of reference for the governance of sustainability and often recurring to the Elkington’s triple bottom line and the Etzkowitz’s triple-helix representations as reference models. In front of a massive scientific production that points out criteria and method of the model, the theory could seem less rich of applications and examples, especially in the field of the inquiry defined by sustainability. In this work, our aim is to provide a little contribution to cover this gap by (1) drawing a more general view from the triple bottom line; (2) highlighting a ‘triple-helix’ functioning in the triple bottom line as represented in the triple helix of sustainability; (3) providing an example, very actual and important, and some general reasoning related to the use of the model as a possible reference in the basic understanding of the complexity of governance for sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the newly released plan for innovation-based development for Poland-known as the Morawiecki Plan-from the perspective of the Triple Helix model of University-Business-Government interactions. We start by reviewing the literature on the Triple Helix model and assess its relevance to the reform of the Polish national innovation system. We then examine key elements in the construction of a Triple Helix system in Poland in the period 2007-2014, identifying some mistakes that affect the current functionality of the national innovation system. We then critically analyze the most recent strategic changes proposed under the Morawiecki Plan, drawing on the experiences of benchmark countries similar to Poland, which have successfully gone through the transition from a traditional economy to an open innovative economy. We conclude that strengthening and rebalancing the Triple Helix system in Poland is an essential condition for the successful implementation of the Morawiecki Plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A programme for the promotion of science and doctoral studies called the Young Researchers Training Programme has been developed in Slovenia. Since it began, the programme has been substantially funded and over 6,000 young people have participated in it. However, no evaluation of the programme's effectiveness has yet been conducted. In this study we identified young researchers' motivation for entering the programme, their assessment of the training and links to knowledge transfer into practice as the principal idea behind the programme. Two training groups, university based young researchers and company based young researchers, are compared in order to assess whether the type of training affects knowledge transfer. The analyses show that young researchers in the economy are more involved in direct knowledge transfer and their motivation to do so is mainly intrinsic. On the other hand, university based young researchers need extrinsic incentives to cooperate in projects in economic sector, for their motivation is more oriented towards academic research. Implications for Slovenia, as well as for other countries' higher education policies, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the Triple Helix model has identified feasible approaches to measuring relations among universities, industries, and governments. Results have been extended to different databases, regions, and perspectives. This paper explores how bibliometrics and text mining can inform Triple Helix analyses. It engages Competitive Technical Intelligence concepts and methods for studies of Newly Emerging Science & Technology (NEST) in support of technology management and policy. A semantic TRIZ approach is used to assess NEST innovation patterns by associating topics (using noun phrases to address subjects and objects) and actions (via verbs). We then classify these innovation patterns by the dominant categories of origination: Academy, Industry, or Government. We then use TRIZ tags and benchmarks to locate NEST progress using Technology Roadmapping. Triple Helix inferences can then be related to the visualized patterns. We demonstrate these analyses via a case study for dye-sensitized solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Triple Helix (TH) model and its indicators are typically used for exploring university-industry-government relations prevalent in knowledge-based economies. However, this exploratory study extends the TH model, together with webometric analysis, to the musical industry to explore the performance of social hubs from the perspective of entropy and the Web. The study investigates and compares two social hubs-Daegu and Edinburgh-from the perspective of musicals by using data obtained through two search engines (Naver.com and Bing.com). The results indicate that although Daegu is somewhat integrated into the local musical industry, it is not yet fully embedded in the international musical industry, even though it is international in scope. In terms of social events (i.e., musicals), unlike Daegu, Edinburgh is fully integrated into both the local and international musical industries and attracts diverse domains over the Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, many efforts have been put into understanding and determining key variables and factors affecting knowledge-based economy. Triple Helix model is a model with relative success in this regard; however, there is still a long way to go until it can provide policy makers and researchers with an inclusive and deep insight. Researchers of the current study strived to distinguish one of the main theoretical shortcomings of the model, i.e., considering reward systems reformation firmly fixed in the institutional framework of society, while introducing an overview of the Triple Helix model and its underlying logic using a descriptive-analytical method based upon theoretical framework of new institutionalism. This paper aims to highlight that, in the developing countries' path toward a knowledge-based economy, reward systems reformation plays a key role and it is worth to be considered in models of determining the knowledge-based economy, the Triple Helix model, in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]