29 results on '"Thayer, Julian F."'
Search Results
2. Sex Differences in Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation in Relation to Resting Heart Rate Variability.
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Min, Jungwon, Koenig, Julian, Nashiro, Kaoru, Yoo, Hyun Joo, Cho, Christine, Thayer, Julian F., and Mather, Mara
- Abstract
Prior studies suggest that sex differences in emotion regulation (ER) ability contribute to sex disparities in affective disorders. In behavioral studies, females rely more on maladaptive strategies to cope with emotional distress than males. Neuroimaging studies suggest that males more efficiently regulate emotion than females by showing less prefrontal cortex activity (suggesting less effort) for similar amygdala activity (similar regulation outcome). However, physiological studies involving heart rate variability (HRV) indicated that, compared with males, females have higher resting HRV, indicative of parasympathetic dominance and better control of emotion. To help resolve these apparently inconsistent findings, we examined sex differences in how resting HRV relates to brain activity while using cognitive reappraisal, one of the adaptive strategies. Based on 51 males and 49 females, we found that females showed different levels of self-rated emotional intensity and amygdala activity for negative versus positive emotions, while males did not. Females also showed greater overall prefrontal cortex activity but similar levels of amygdala activity compared to males. Sex differences in how resting HRV related to brain activity during ER were evident only during viewing or regulating positive emotion. The results suggest that sex differences in the neural correlates of ER and resting HRV might lie in valence more than arousal modulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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3. Multimodal neuroimaging data from a 5-week heart rate variability biofeedback randomized clinical trial.
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Yoo, Hyun Joo, Nashiro, Kaoru, Min, Jungwon, Cho, Christine, Mercer, Noah, Bachman, Shelby L., Nasseri, Padideh, Dutt, Shubir, Porat, Shai, Choi, Paul, Zhang, Yong, Grigoryan, Vardui, Feng, Tiantian, Thayer, Julian F., Lehrer, Paul, Chang, Catie, Stanley, Jeffrey A., Head, Elizabeth, Rouanet, Jeremy, and Marmarelis, Vasilis Z.
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BIOFEEDBACK training ,HEART beat ,PROTON magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,CLINICAL trials ,FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging - Abstract
We present data from the Heart Rate Variability and Emotion Regulation (HRV-ER) randomized clinical trial testing effects of HRV biofeedback. Younger (N = 121) and older (N = 72) participants completed baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including T
1 -weighted, resting and emotion regulation task functional MRI (fMRI), pulsed continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL), and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H MRS). During fMRI scans, physiological measures (blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and end-tidal CO2 ) were continuously acquired. Participants were randomized to either increase heart rate oscillations or decrease heart rate oscillations during daily sessions. After 5 weeks of HRV biofeedback, they repeated the baseline measurements in addition to new measures (ultimatum game fMRI, training mimicking during blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) and PCASL fMRI). Participants also wore a wristband sensor to estimate sleep time. Psychological assessment comprised three cognitive tests and ten questionnaires related to emotional well-being. A subset (N = 104) provided plasma samples pre- and post-intervention that were assayed for amyloid and tau. Data is publicly available via the OpenNeuro data sharing platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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4. Changes in Medial Prefrontal Cortex Mediate Effects of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback on Positive Emotional Memory Biases.
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Cho, Christine, Yoo, Hyun Joo, Min, Jungwon, Nashiro, Kaoru, Thayer, Julian F., Lehrer, Paul M., and Mather, Mara
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HEART beat ,MEMORY bias ,AMYGDALOID body ,PREFRONTAL cortex ,EMOTION regulation ,FUNCTIONAL connectivity ,CLINICAL trials - Abstract
Previous research suggests that implicit automatic emotion regulation relies on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). However, most of the human studies supporting this hypothesis have been correlational in nature. In the current study, we examine how changes in mPFC-left amygdala functional connectivity relate to emotional memory biases. In a randomized clinical trial examining the effects of heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback on brain mechanisms of emotion regulation, we randomly assigned participants to increase or decrease heart rate oscillations while receiving biofeedback. After several weeks of daily biofeedback sessions, younger and older participants completed an emotional picture memory task involving encoding, recall, and recognition phases as an additional measure in this clinical trial. Participants assigned to increase HRV (Osc+) (n = 84) showed a relatively higher rate of false alarms for positive than negative images than participants assigned to decrease HRV (Osc−) (n = 81). Osc+ participants also recalled relatively more positive compared with negative items than Osc− participants, but this difference was not significant. However, a summary bias score reflecting positive emotional memory bias across recall and recognition was significantly higher in the Osc+ than Osc− condition. As previously reported, the Osc+ manipulation increased left amygdala-mPFC resting-state functional connectivity significantly more than the Osc− manipulation. This increased functional connectivity significantly mediated the effects of the Osc+ condition on emotional bias. These findings suggest that, by increasing mPFC coordination of emotion-related circuits, daily practice increasing heart rate oscillations can increase implicit emotion regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. Modulating heart rate oscillation affects plasma amyloid beta and tau levels in younger and older adults.
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Min, Jungwon, Rouanet, Jeremy, Martini, Alessandra Cadete, Nashiro, Kaoru, Yoo, Hyun Joo, Porat, Shai, Cho, Christine, Wan, Junxiang, Cole, Steve W., Head, Elizabeth, Nation, Daniel A., Thayer, Julian F., and Mather, Mara
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OLDER people ,HEART beat ,PLASMA oscillations ,TAU proteins ,AMYLOID ,BIOFEEDBACK training ,BETA adrenoceptors ,TRANSCRANIAL alternating current stimulation - Abstract
Slow paced breathing via heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback stimulates vagus-nerve pathways that counter noradrenergic stress and arousal pathways that can influence production and clearance of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related proteins. Thus, we examined whether HRV biofeedback intervention affects plasma Αβ40, Αβ42, total tau (tTau), and phosphorylated tau-181 (pTau-181) levels. We randomized healthy adults (N = 108) to use slow-paced breathing with HRV biofeedback to increase heart rate oscillations (Osc+) or to use personalized strategies with HRV biofeedback to decrease heart rate oscillations (Osc−). They practiced 20–40 min daily. Four weeks of practicing the Osc+ and Osc− conditions produced large effect size differences in change in plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels. The Osc+ condition decreased plasma Αβ while the Osc− condition increased Αβ. Decreases in Αβ were associated with decreases in gene transcription indicators of β-adrenergic signaling, linking effects to the noradrenergic system. There were also opposing effects of the Osc+ and Osc− interventions on tTau for younger adults and pTau-181 for older adults. These results provide novel data supporting a causal role of autonomic activity in modulating plasma AD-related biomarkers. Trial registration: NCT03458910 (ClinicalTrials.gov); first posted on 03/08/2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. Effects of a Randomised Trial of 5-Week Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Intervention on Cognitive Function: Possible Benefits for Inhibitory Control.
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Nashiro, Kaoru, Yoo, Hyun Joo, Cho, Christine, Min, Jungwon, Feng, Tiantian, Nasseri, Padideh, Bachman, Shelby L., Lehrer, Paul, Thayer, Julian F., and Mather, Mara
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RESPONSE inhibition ,COGNITIVE ability ,COGNITIVE processing speed ,HEART beat ,OLDER people ,SHORT-term memory - Abstract
Previous research suggests that higher heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with better cognitive function. However, since most previous findings on the relationship between HRV and cognitive function were correlational in nature, it is unclear whether individual differences in HRV play a causal role in cognitive performance. To investigate whether there are causal relationships, we used a simple breathing manipulation that increases HRV through a 5-week HRV biofeedback intervention and examined whether this manipulation improves cognitive performance in younger and older adults (N = 165). The 5-week HRV biofeedback intervention did not significantly improve inhibitory control, working memory and processing speed across age groups. However, improvement in the Flanker score (a measure of inhibition) was associated with the amplitude of heart rate oscillations during practice sessions in the younger and older intervention groups. Our results suggest that daily practice to increase heart rate oscillations may improve inhibitory control, but future studies using longer intervention periods are warranted to replicate the present finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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7. A brief scale of pathological worry that everyone already has.
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Verkuil, Bart, Brownlow, Briana N., Vasey, Michael W., Brosschot, Jos F., and Thayer, Julian F.
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TEST validity ,STATISTICAL correlation - Abstract
Worry is a central process in a wide range of psychopathological and somatic conditions. Three studies (N = 856) were used to test whether a subscale composed of five items of the most commonly used trait anxiety questionnaire, Spielberger's State Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait version (STAI-T), is appropriate to measure worry. Results showed that the subscale, named the Brief Worry Scale (BWS), had excellent internal consistency and temporal stability. Convergent and divergent validity were supported by correlation analyses using worry questionnaires and measures of anxious arousal and depression. The BWS was a particularly good predictor of the pathogenic aspects of worry, including worry perseveration in daily life (study 1), measures of clinical worry (study 2) and the uncontrollability of experimentally induced worry (study 3). Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the BWS might be a valuable scale for pathological worry, for which many researchers already have data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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8. Increasing coordination and responsivity of emotion-related brain regions with a heart rate variability biofeedback randomized trial.
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Nashiro, Kaoru, Min, Jungwon, Yoo, Hyun Joo, Cho, Christine, Bachman, Shelby L., Dutt, Shubir, Thayer, Julian F., Lehrer, Paul M., Feng, Tiantian, Mercer, Noah, Nasseri, Padideh, Wang, Diana, Chang, Catie, Marmarelis, Vasilis Z., Narayanan, Shri, Nation, Daniel A., and Mather, Mara
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EMOTIONS ,HEART beat ,BRAIN physiology ,LARGE-scale brain networks ,FUNCTIONAL connectivity - Abstract
Heart rate variability is a robust biomarker of emotional well-being, consistent with the shared brain networks regulating emotion regulation and heart rate. While high heart rate oscillatory activity clearly indicates healthy regulatory brain systems, can increasing this oscillatory activity also enhance brain function? To test this possibility, we randomly assigned 106 young adult participants to one of two 5-week interventions involving daily biofeedback that either increased heart rate oscillations (Osc+ condition) or had little effect on heart rate oscillations (Osc− condition) and examined effects on brain activity during rest and during regulating emotion. While there were no significant changes in the right amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) functional connectivity (our primary outcome), the Osc+ intervention increased left amygdala-MPFC functional connectivity and functional connectivity in emotion-related resting-state networks during rest. It also increased down-regulation of activity in somatosensory brain regions during an emotion regulation task. The Osc− intervention did not have these effects. In this healthy cohort, the two conditions did not differentially affect anxiety, depression, or mood. These findings indicate that modulating heart rate oscillatory activity changes emotion network coordination in the brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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9. Effects of a randomised trial of 5-week heart rate variability biofeedback intervention on mind wandering and associated brain function.
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Nashiro, Kaoru, Yoo, Hyun Joo, Min, Jungwon, Cho, Christine, Nasseri, Padideh, Zhang, Yong, Lehrer, Paul, Thayer, Julian F., and Mather, Mara
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RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,HEART beat ,BIOFEEDBACK clinics ,PREFRONTAL cortex ,RESPIRATION - Abstract
Previous research suggests that excessive negative self-related thought during mind wandering involves the default mode network (DMN) core subsystem and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback, which involves slow paced breathing to increase HRV, is known to promote emotional well-being. However, it remains unclear whether it has positive effects on mind wandering and associated brain function. We conducted a study where young adults were randomly assigned to one of two 5-week interventions involving daily biofeedback that either increased heart rate oscillations via slow paced breathing (Osc+ condition) or had little effect on heart rate oscillations (active control or Osc- condition). The two intervention conditions did not differentially affect mind wandering and DMN core-OFC functional connectivity. However, the magnitude of participants' heart rate oscillations during daily biofeedback practice was associated with pre-to-post decreases in mind wandering and in DMN core-OFC functional connectivity. Furthermore, the reduction in the DMN core-OFC connectivity was associated with a decrease in mind wandering. Our results suggested that daily sessions involving high amplitude heart rate oscillations may help reduce negative mind wandering and associated brain function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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10. Determining the direction of prediction of the association between parasympathetic dysregulation and exhaustion symptoms.
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Wekenborg, Magdalena K., Schwerdtfeger, Andreas, Rothe, Nicole, Penz, Marlene, Walther, Andreas, Kirschbaum, Clemens, Thayer, Julian F., Wittling, Ralf A., and Hill, LaBarron K.
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HEART beat ,AUTONOMIC nervous system ,PHYSIOLOGY ,MULTILEVEL models ,SYMPTOMS ,VAGAL tone - Abstract
Stress-related exhaustion symptoms have a high prevalence which is only likely to increase further in the near future. Understanding the physiological underpinnings of exhaustion has important implications for accurate diagnosis and the development of effective prevention and intervention programs. Given its integrative role in stress-regulation, the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous systems has been a valid starting point in the exploration of the physiological mechanisms behind exhaustion. The aim of the present study was to examine the directionality and specificity of the association between exhaustion symptoms and vagally-mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV), a relatively pure measure of parasympathetic tone. Exhaustion symptoms and vmHRV were measured at four annually assessment waves (2015–2018) of the Dresden Burnout Study. A total sample of N = 378 participants who attended at least two of the four annual biomarker measurements were included in the present analyses. Cross-lagged multi-level panel modelling adjusting for various covariates (e.g., age, sex, BMI) revealed that vmHRV was meaningfully predictive of exhaustion symptoms and not vice versa. In addition, these effects were specific for exhaustion symptoms as no effect was shown for the other burnout sub-dimensions, or for depressive symptoms. Our findings indicate a clear link between exhaustion symptoms and vmHRV which may hold great potential for both enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of exhaustion symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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11. Interpreting resting heart rate variability in complex populations: the role of autonomic reflexes and comorbidities.
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Kwon, Patrick M., Lawrence, Steven, Mueller, Bridget R., Thayer, Julian F., Benn, Emma K. T., and Robinson-Papp, Jessica
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HEART beat ,REFLEXES ,CHRONIC obstructive pulmonary disease ,MENTAL illness ,ROOT-mean-squares - Abstract
Purpose: Resting heart rate variability (HRV) is an important biomarker linking mental health to cardiovascular outcomes. However, resting HRV is also impaired in autonomic neuropathy, a common and underdiagnosed complication of common medical conditions which is detected by testing autonomic reflexes. We sought to describe the relationship between autonomic reflex abnormalities and resting HRV, taking into consideration medical comorbidities and demographic variables. Methods: Participants (n = 209) underwent a standardized autonomic reflex screen which was summarized as the Composite Autonomic Severity Score (CASS) and included measures of reflexive HRV, e.g., heart rate with deep breathing (HRDB). Resting HRV measures were: pNN50 (percentage of NN intervals that differ by > 50 ms) and cvRMSSD (adjusted root mean square of successive differences). Results: In univariate analyses, lower resting HRV was associated with: older age, higher CASS, neuropathy on examination, hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and psychiatric disease. Adaptive regression spline analysis revealed that HRDB explained 27% of the variability in resting HRV for participants with values of HRDB in the normal range. Outside this range, there was no linear relationship because: (1) when HRDB was low (indicating autonomic neuropathy), resting HRV was also low with low variance; and (2) when HRDB was high, the variance in resting HRV was high. In multivariate models, only HRDB was significantly independently associated with cvRMSSD and pNN50. Conclusion: Subclinical autonomic neuropathy, as evidenced by low HRDB and other autonomic reflexes, should be considered as a potential confounder of resting HRV in research involving medically and demographically diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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12. Correction to: Sex Differences in Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation in Relation to Resting Heart Rate Variability.
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Min, Jungwon, Koenig, Julian, Nashiro, Kaoru, Yoo, Hyun Joo, Cho, Christine, Thayer, Julian F., and Mather, Mara
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This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Sex Differences in Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation in Relation to Resting Heart Rate Variability" published in the journal Brain Topography. The correction addresses an error in the "Results" section, specifically in a sentence regarding the main effect of sex. The incorrect sentence stated that there was a significant main effect of sex, but it should have stated that there was no significant main effect of sex. The correction has been made to the original article. The publisher, Springer Nature, remains neutral in terms of jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. The authors of the article are Jungwon Min, Julian Koenig, Kaoru Nashiro, Hyun Joo Yoo, Christine Cho, Julian F. Thayer, and Mara Mather. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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13. The Modulation of Cardiac Vagal Tone on Attentional Orienting of Fair-Related Faces: Low HRV is Associated with Faster Attentional Engagement to Fair-Relevant Stimuli.
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Park, Gewnhi, Kim, Hackjin, Mermillod, Martial, and Thayer, Julian F.
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PARASYMPATHETIC nervous system ,SOCIAL perception ,ETHICS ,VAGUS nerve ,SOCIAL justice ,TASK performance ,FACE ,ATTENTION ,HEART beat ,NEURAL stimulation ,PROMPTS (Psychology) - Abstract
The current experiment examined the effect of fair-related stimuli on attentional orienting and the role of cardiac vagal tone indexed by heart rate variability (HRV). Neutral faces were associated with fair and unfair offers in the Ultimatum Game (UG). After the UG, participants performed the spatial cueing task in which targets were preceded by face cues that made fair or unfair offers in the UG. Participants showed faster attentional engagement to fair-related stimuli, which was more pronounced in individuals with lower resting HRV—indexing reduced cardiac vagal tone. Also, people showed delayed attentional disengagement from fair-related stimuli, which was not correlated with HRV. The current research provided initial evidence that fair-related social information influences spatial attention, which is associated with cardiac vagal tone. These results provide further evidence that the difficulty in attentional control associated with reduced cardiac vagal tone may extend to a broader social and moral context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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14. Gender Differences in Cardiac Chronotropic Control: Implications for Heart Rate Variability Research.
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Williams, DeWayne P., Joseph, Nicholas, Gerardo, Gina M., Hill, LaBarron K., Koenig, Julian, and Thayer, Julian F.
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HEART beat ,GENDER - Abstract
There is a continuing debate concerning "adjustments" to heart period variability [i.e., heart rate variability (HRV)] for the heart period [i.e., increases inter-beat-intervals (IBI)]. To date, such arguments have not seriously considered the impact a demographic variable, such as gender, can have on the association between HRV and the heart period. A prior meta-analysis showed women to have greater HRV compared to men despite having shorter IBI and higher heart rate (HR). Thus, it is plausible that men and women differ in the association between HRV and HR/IBI. Thus, the present study investigates the potential moderating effect of gender on the association between HRV and indices of cardiac chronotropy, including both HR and IBI. Data from 633 participants (339 women) were available for analysis. Cardiac measures were assessed during a 5-min baseline-resting period. HRV measures included the standard deviation of inter-beat-intervals, root mean square of successive differences, and autoregressive high frequency power. Moderation analyses showed gender significantly moderated the association between all HRV variables and both HR and IBI (each p < 0.05). However, results were not consistent when using recently recommended HRV variables "adjusted" for IBI. Overall, the current investigation provides data illustrating a differential association between HRV and the heart period based on gender. Substantial neurophysiological evidence support the current findings; women show greater sensitivity to acetylcholine compared to men. If women show greater sensitivity to acetylcholine, and acetylcholine increases HRV and the heart period, then the association between HRV and the heart period indeed should be stronger in women compared to men. Taken together, these data suggest that routine "adjustments" to HRV for the heart period are unjustified and problematic at best. As it relates to the application of future HRV research, it is imperative that researchers continue to consider the potential impact of gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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15. Vagal control of the heart decreases during increasing imminence of interoceptive threat in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia.
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Richter, Jan, Pietzner, Anne, Koenig, Julian, Thayer, Julian F., Pané-Farré, Christiane A., Gerlach, Alexander L., Gloster, Andrew T., Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Lang, Thomas, Alpers, Georg W., Helbig-Lang, Sylvia, Deckert, Jürgen, Fydrich, Thomas, Fehm, Lydia, Ströhle, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo, Arolt, Volker, and Hamm, Alfons O.
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AGORAPHOBIA ,PANIC disorders ,THREAT (Psychology) ,HEART beat ,AVOIDANCE (Psychology) - Abstract
Theoretically, panic disorder and agoraphobia pathology can be conceptualized as a cascade of dynamically changing defensive responses to threat cues from inside the body. Guided by this trans-diagnostic model we tested the interaction between defensive activation and vagal control as a marker of prefrontal inhibition of subcortical defensive activation. We investigated ultra-short-term changes of vagally controlled high frequency heart rate variability (HRV) during a standardized threat challenge (entrapment) in n = 232 patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia, and its interaction with various indices of defensive activation. We found a strong inverse relationship between HRV and heart rate during threat, which was stronger at the beginning of exposure. Patients with a strong increase in heart rate showed a deactivation of prefrontal vagal control while patients showing less heart rate acceleration showed an increase in vagal control. Moreover, vagal control collapsed in case of imminent threat, i.e., when body symptoms increase and seem to get out of control. In these cases of defensive action patients either fled from the situation or experienced a panic attack. Active avoidance, panic attacks, and increased sympathetic arousal are associated with an inability to maintain vagal control over the heart suggesting that teaching such regulation strategies during exposure treatment might be helpful to keep prefrontal control, particularly during the transition zone from post-encounter to circa strike defense. Trial Registration Number: ISRCTN80046034. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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16. Ecological momentary assessment of emotional awareness: Preliminary evaluation of psychometric properties.
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Versluis, Anke, Verkuil, Bart, Lane, Richard D., Hagemann, Dirk, Thayer, Julian F., and Brosschot, Jos F.
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PSYCHOMETRICS ,ECOLOGICAL momentary assessments (Clinical psychology) ,AWARENESS - Abstract
The Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS) is a well-validated performance measure of trait emotional awareness (EA), which is associated with psychological and physical problems. EA is, however, expected to vary over time and we aimed to adapt the LEAS to permit the measurement of EA in daily life as a function of momentary state. Twenty-five students completed 12 ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) of EA across 2 days. The correlation between the mean EMAs of EA and trait EA, and the change over time in EA, was also examined. Findings revealed a significant positive correlation between state and trait EA. The within-person reliability was substantial, suggesting that EMAs can reliably assess EA over time across individuals. Importantly, latent state-trait analysis showed that about 50% of EA variability was due to state variance whereas only 2% of EA variability was due to trait variance. Preliminary psychometric properties suggest that the developed method allows for the measurement of EA in daily life and supports the claim that EA can be measured using both hypothetical (as in the LEAS) and real-life (using EMAs) scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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17. Lower values of a novel index of Vagal-Neuroimmunomodulation are associated to higher all-cause mortality in two large general population samples with 18 year follow up.
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Jarczok, Marc N., Koenig, Julian, and Thayer, Julian F.
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NEUROIMMUNOLOGY ,MORTALITY ,BIOMARKERS ,HEART beat ,FOLLOW-up studies (Medicine) - Abstract
In recent clinical practice, a biomarker of vagal neuroimmunomodulation (NIM), namely the ratio of vagally-mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) and CRP, was proposed to index the functionality of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. This study aims to transfer and extend the previous findings to two general population-based samples to explore the hypothesis that NIM-ratio is associated with all-cause mortality. Two large population studies (MIDUS 2: N = 1255 and Whitehall II wave 5: N = 7870) with complete data from a total of N = 3860 participants (36.1% females; average age = 56.3 years; 11.1% deaths, last exit 18.1 years post inclusion) were available. NIM indices were calculated using the vagally-mediated HRV measure RMSSD divided by measures of CRP (NIM
CRP ) or IL-6 (NIMIL6 ). The NIM-ratios were quartiled and entered into age, ethnicity and body mass index adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. For NIMIL6 the lowest quartile was 45% more likely to die during the observed period (max. 18 years follow-up) compared to the highest quartile (HR = 0.55 CI 0.41–0.73; p <.0001). NIMCRP parallel these results. Here we show that an easily computable index of IL-6 inhibition is associated with all-cause mortality in two large general population samples. These results suggest that this index might be useful for risk stratification and warrant further examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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18. The association between physical activity and a composite measure of sleep health.
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Kubala, Andrew G., Buysse, Daniel J., Brindle, Ryan C., Krafty, Robert T., Thayer, Julian F., Hall, Martica H., and Kline, Christopher E.
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Purpose: Physical activity has been associated with several individual dimensions of sleep. However, the association between physical activity and sleep health, a construct that emphasizes the multidimensional nature of sleep, has not been explored. This analysis examined the relationship between physical activity and a composite measure of sleep health. Methods: A total of 114 adults (66% female, 60.3 ± 9.2 years) were included in the analyses. Participants reported daily light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) via diary, while wearing a pedometer (Omron HJ-720ITC) to measure daily steps. Sleep health was measured using the RU_SATED questionnaire, which addresses regularity of sleep patterns, satisfaction with sleep, daytime alertness, and sleep timing, efficiency, and duration. Multiple linear regression, binary logistic regression, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were utilized for analyses. Results: Mean sleep health score was 9.6 ± 2.4 (0 [poor]–12 [good]). Participants reported 62.9 ± 66.0 and 51.2 ± 51.2 min/day of LPA and MVPA, respectively, and took 5585.5 ± 2806.7 steps/day. Greater MVPA was associated with better sleep health (β = 0.27, P = 0.005) and sleep health scores differed between those reporting < 30 min/day and ≥ 60 min/day of MVPA (P = 0.004). Greater MVPA was associated with higher odds of having good sleep satisfaction (OR = 1.58 [1.14–2.20], P < 0.01), timing (OR = 2.07 [1.24–3.46], P < 0.01), and duration (OR = 1.48 [1.02–2.18], P = 0.04). Pedometer-based physical activity and LPA were not related to sleep health or its individual dimensions. Conclusions: In middle- to older-aged adults, higher-intensity activity, but not lower-intensity or volume of activity, was associated with greater sleep health. These data suggest that physical activity intensity may be important for sleep health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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19. A case series on the potential effect of omega-3-fatty acid supplementation on 24-h heart rate variability and its circadian variation in children with attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder.
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Buchhorn, Reiner, Koenig, Julian, Jarczok, Marc N., Eichholz, Hanna, Willaschek, Christian, Thayer, Julian F., and Kaess, Michael
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Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity (ADHD) in children is associated with decreased 24-h heart rate variability (HRV). Previous research has shown that supplementation of omega-3-fatty acid increases HRV. Here, we aimed to investigate whether the supplementation of omega-3-fatty acids would increase 24-h HRV in an uncontrolled case series of children with ADHD. HRV was recorded in 18 children and adolescents (age 13.35 ± 2.8 years) before and after omega-3 supplementation. Preliminary results indicate that omega-3 supplementation in children with AD(H)D may reduce mean heart rate and increase its variability. Future studies would do well to implement randomized, placebo-controlled designs with greater methodological rigor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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20. Brain structural concomitants of resting state heart rate variability in the young and old: evidence from two independent samples.
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Yoo, Hyun Joo, Ponzio, Allison, Min, Jungwon, Nga, Lin, Mather, Mara, Thayer, Julian F., Koenig, Julian, Greening, Steven, Lee, Tae-Ho, and Sakaki, Michiko
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HEART beat ,VAGUS nerve physiology ,CEREBRAL cortex ,AGING ,BRAIN ,BRAIN physiology - Abstract
Previous research has shown associations between brain structure and resting state high-frequency heart rate variability (HF HRV). Age affects both brain structure and HF HRV. Therefore, we sought to examine the relationship between brain structure and HF HRV as a function of age. Data from two independent studies were used for the present analysis. Study 1 included 19 older adults (10 males, age range 62–78 years) and 19 younger adults (12 males, age range 19–37). Study 2 included 23 older adults (12 males; age range 55–75) and 27 younger adults (17 males; age range 18–34). The root-mean-square of successive
R –R -interval differences (RMSSD) from ECG recordings was used as time-domain measure of HF HRV. MRI scans were performed on a 3.0-T Siemens Magnetom Trio scanner. Cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation were performed with the Freesurfer image analysis suite, including 12 regions as regions of interests (ROI). Zero-order and partial correlations were used to assess the correlation of RMSSD with cortical thickness in selected ROIs. Lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) cortical thickness was significantly associated with RMSSD. Further, both studies, in line with previous research, showed correlations between RMSSD and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) cortical thickness. Meta-analysis on adjusted correlation coefficients from individual studies confirmed an association of RMSSD with the left rostral ACC and the left lateral OFC. Future longitudinal studies are necessary to trace individual trajectories in the association of HRV and brain structure across aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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21. Correction: Effects of a Randomised Trial of 5-Week Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Intervention on Cognitive Function: Possible Benefits for Inhibitory Control.
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Nashiro, Kaoru, Yoo, Hyun Joo, Cho, Christine, Min, Jungwon, Feng, Tiantian, Nasseri, Padideh, Bachman, Shelby L., Lehrer, Paul, Thayer, Julian F., and Mather, Mara
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HEART beat ,BIOFEEDBACK training ,RESPONSE inhibition ,COGNITIVE ability - Abstract
Correction to: Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-022-09... The original version of this article unfortunately contained the incorrect supplementary material. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-022-09563-1. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
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22. Perseverative Cognition, Psychopathology, and Somatic Health.
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Verkuil, Bart, Brosschot, Jos F., Gebhardt, Winifred A., and Thayer, Julian F.
- Abstract
Perseverative cognition (PC), such as worry and rumination, is a common reaction to stressful events in everyday life. According to the PC hypothesis, prolonged cognitive representations of stressful events will increase the total amount of time that these events have a ˵wear and tear″ effect on the human body. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the role that PC plays in the onset and maintenance of stress related mental and somatic health problems. Furthermore, we propose that unconscious PC, traditionally studied within the context of psychopathology, might have substantial somatic health relevant effects as well. Finally, we present a self-regulation perspective on PC and propose that it forms part of the default response to threat, novelty and ambiguity. This default response is enhanced in chronic worriers who show excessive commitment to their goals, use PC as a strategy to cope with possible threats to goal attainment and have difficulties to recognize signals of safety. In conclusion, research on the PC hypothesis has provided valuable insight into the link between stressful events, psychopathology, and somatic health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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23. The Non-invasive Assessment of Autonomic Influences on the Heart Using Impedance Cardiography and Heart Rate Variability.
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Thayer, Julian F., Hansen, Anita L., and Johnsen, Bjorn Helge
- Abstract
A major goal of the present chapter is to try to provide a comprehensive framework that researchers can use to generate testable hypotheses about the autonomic influences on the heart. This will include a brief discussion of the differential autonomic influences on different cardiac effector tissues including sympathetic–parasympathetic interactions as well as the discussion of cardiovascular activation components and the baroreflex. In addition, we will briefly overview the genetics as well as the neural concomitants of impedance derived indices and heart rate variability (HRV). Another goal will be to expose researchers to the range of phenomena that might be related to measures of impedance cardiography and HRV. These include aspects of physiological regulation, emotional regulation, and cognitive regulation. Finally, we will try to present what we perceive to be some of the future challenges in using these important techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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24. Low vagal tone is associated with impaired post stress recovery of cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune markers.
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Weber, Cora Stefanie, Thayer, Julian F., Rudat, Miriam, Wirtz, Petra H., Zimmermann-Viehoff, Frank, Thomas, Alexander, Perschel, Frank H., Arck, Petra C., and Deter, Hans C.
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CARDIOVASCULAR agents , *ENDOCRINE system , *HEART beat , *BLOOD pressure , *BLOOD plasma , *VAGUS nerve physiology , *COMPARATIVE studies , *HYDROCORTISONE , *INTERLEUKINS , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *RESEARCH , *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress , *TUMOR necrosis factors , *EVALUATION research - Abstract
Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) and delayed blood pressure recovery are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Besides this evident link, the vagus is thought to play an inhibitory role in the regulation of other allostatic systems, including inflammation and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, human evidence is scarce. To further explore these associations and with special regard to the postulated mediating role of the vagus, we hypothesised that subjects with low vagal tone as indexed by reduced resting HRV would show impaired post-stress recovery of cardiovascular, endocrine and immune system markers involved in cardiovascular pathology. 44 healthy men underwent a standardised mental stress test. Besides continuous measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR), and HRV serum cortisol, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured before, after, 20, and 60 min after stress. Low versus high HRV groups was defined by median split on resting HRV (RMSSD). The task elicited significant time effects for SBP, DBP, HR, HRV, cortisol, and TNF-alpha. Subjects with low baseline HRV showed almost no modulation of HRV coupled with overall reduced HRV levels, and impaired recovery of DBP, cortisol, and TNF-alpha. Confirming our hypothesis, low vagal tone was associated with impaired recovery of cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune markers in healthy males. The data support an inhibitory role of the vagus in the regulation of allostatic systems as described in the neurovisceral integration model. We posit reduced resting HRV as a risk marker for future cardiovascular and other stress-related disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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25. Heart rate variability and its relation to prefrontal cognitive function: the effects of training and detraining.
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Hansen, Anita Lill, Johnsen, Björn Helge, Sollers III, John J., Stenvik, Kjetil, Thayer, Julian F., Johnsen, Bjørn Helge, and Sollers, John J 3rd
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HEART beat ,HEART conduction system ,CARDIAC contraction ,PREFRONTAL cortex ,FRONTAL lobe ,OXYGEN ,COGNITION ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,PHYSICAL fitness ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research ,OXYGEN consumption ,PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness, heart rate variability (HRV) and cognitive function in 37 male sailors from the Royal Norwegian Navy. All subjects participated in an 8-week training program, after which the subjects completed the initial cognitive testing (pretest). The subjects were assigned into a detrained group (DG) and a trained group (TG) based on their application for further duty. The DG withdrew from the training program for 4 weeks after which all subjects then completed the cognitive testing again (post-test). Physical fitness, measured as maximum oxygen consumption (VO2(max)), resting HRV, and cognitive function, measured using a continuous performance task (CPT) and a working memory test (WMT), were recorded during the pre-test and the post-test, and the data presented as the means and standard deviations. The results showed no between-group differences in VO2(max) or HRV at the pre-test. The DG showed a significant decrease in VO2(max) from the pre- to the post-test and a lower resting HRV than the TG on the post-test. Whereas there were no between-group differences on the CPT or WMT at the pre-test, the TG had faster reaction times and more true positive responses on tests of executive function at the post-test compared to the pre-test. The DG showed faster reaction times on non-executive tasks at the post-test compared to the pre-test. The results are discussed within a neurovisceral integration framework linking parasympathetic outflow to the heart to prefrontal neural functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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26. Gender Differences in the Relationship between Emotional Regulation and Depressive Symptoms.
- Author
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Rossy, Lynn A., Ruiz-Padial, Elisabeth, Johnsen, Bjorn Helge, and Thayer, Julian F.
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MENTAL depression ,GENDER studies ,WOMEN & psychoanalysis ,EMOTIONS ,RUMINATION (Cognition) - Abstract
Reports of gender differences in depressive symptoms are one of the most pervasive findings in the literature. In addition, women are frequently reported to be more emotionally sensitive than men. However, the paradox of women being more emotionally responsive and yet at greater risk for psychopathology is still to be unraveled. In the present study we examined emotional regulation as a possible factor in the gender difference in depressive symptom reporting. In a sample of young adults we replicated the frequently reported finding of greater depressive symptom reporting in women. In addition, we found women to report greater attention to emotions. This is consistent with the idea that women tend to think more and ruminate more about their emotions. However, when the variance associated with this greater attention to emotions was statistically controlled, the gender difference in depressive symptoms was no longer significant. Subsequent analyses found that women with low depressive symptoms reported greater attention to emotions without evidencing greater depressive symptoms. However, women with high depressive symptoms exhibited greater attention to emotions, more impaired antirumination emotional repair strategies, and greater reports of depressive symptoms than men with high depressive symptoms. We close by speculating about the neural concomitants of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2003
27. A behavioral link between the oculomotor and cardiovascular systems.
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Tyrrell, Richard A. and Thayer, Julian F.
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EYE movements , *CARDIOVASCULAR system - Abstract
Examines the link between the oculomotor and cardiovascular systems. Oculomotor resting states as psychophysiological variables; Spectral decomposition of heart rate variability; Measures of dark and focus vengeance; Correlation of heart rate with dark vengeance; Shared patterns of autonomic activation.
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- 1995
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28. The Autonomic Nervous System and Hypertension: Ethnic Differences and Psychosocial Factors.
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Hill, LaBarron K. and Thayer, Julian F.
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Purpose of the Review: In the present paper, we overview emerging research examining the autonomic nervous system (ANS), especially the parasympathetic nervous system as indexed by heart rate variability (HRV), and the impact of psychosocial factors on hypertension-related disease in African Americans. Recent Findings: A growing corpus of studies has shown that (1) usual patterns of compensatory sympathetic-parasympathetic regulation differ between African Americans and European Americans; (2) despite their enhanced cardiovascular disease risk profile, African Americans tend to exhibit higher HRV relative to European Americans; and (3) racial discrimination and other forms of psychosocial stress are associated with diminished HRV among African Americans. Summary: Significant disparities in hypertension-related disease exist such that African Americans have greater risk. The underlying factors associated with this increased risk are, to date, not fully understood. The present review provides evidence for a unique pattern of ANS regulation in African Americans and shows that psychosocial factors such as racial discrimination may contribute to this paradoxical situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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29. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation and extinction of prepared fear: A conceptual non-replication.
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Burger, Andreas M., Van Diest, Ilse, van der Does, Willem, Hysaj, Marsida, Thayer, Julian F., Brosschot, Jos F., and Verkuil, Bart
- Abstract
Transcutaneous stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (tVNS) may accelerate fear extinction in healthy humans. Here, we aimed to investigate this hypothesis in healthy young participants in a prepared learning paradigm, using spider pictures as conditioned stimuli. After a fear conditioning phase, participants were randomly allocated to receive tVNS (final N = 42) or sham stimulation (final N = 43) during an extinction phase. Conditioned fear was assessed using US expectancy ratings, skin conductance and fear potentiated startle responses. After successful fear acquisition, participants in both groups showed a reduction of fear over the course of the extinction phase. There were no between-group differences in extinction rates for physiological indices of fear. Contrary to previous findings, participants in the tVNS condition also did not show accelerated declarative extinction learning. Participants in the tVNS condition did have lower initial US expectancy ratings for the CS− trials than those who received sham stimulation, which may indicate an enhanced processing of safety cues due to tVNS. In conclusion, the expected accelerated extinction due to tVNS was not observed. The results from this study call for more research on the optimal tVNS stimulation intensity settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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