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The new technology of elastic optical network (EON) envisages a favorable solution for accommodating the heterogeneity of traffic over the future internet and to fulfill bandwidth-hungry requirement of today's world. Advance reservation (AR) is obligatory on initial-delay-tolerant services, like e-science and grid computing, that are having a remarkable involvement in next-generation internet traffic. In this paper, the authors proposed a routing and spectrum assignment (RSA) algorithm, which improves spectrum utilization by minimizing the blocking probability. This technique ensures spectrum availability for each connection request, but depending on the call arrival time and slot availability, there may be some delay and it is referred as spectrum allocation using reservation. The other proposed algorithm considers reservations based on prediction called as spectrum allocation using prediction and reservation. The simulation results show that the latter technique increases spectrum utilization even more and decreases call blocking compared to existing RSA algorithms. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first effort of spectrum assignment using prediction and reservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent days vehicular ad-hoc networks find its extensive applications by broadcast transmissions. Vehicle to vehicle communication provide better results by avoiding the major problems in the road such as the collision of vehicles, better route selection during congestion, fuel consumption etc. In this paper we present a collision avoidance based protocol. The collision of transmitting data can be avoided using medium access control (MAC) protocol. We have assessed and analyzed the performance of the proposed routing protocol Vehicular Ad-hoc on-demand Distance Vector (VAODV), which is a modification of Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. We have analysed the performance of the proposed VAODV protocol through simulation results and latter extended for OSPF ensuring high reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]