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This research investigates the impact of ChatGPT-generated feedback on the writing skills of first-year computing students at a Saudi University. Employing a qualitative research design, the study involved 111 male students, blinded to the switch from human to ChatGPT-generated feedback, ensuring unbiased reflections on their experiences. Over six weeks, students' reactions to feedback were meticulously analyzed, revealing nuanced emotional, psychological, and educational impacts. The findings, organized into four distinct themes - Emotional and Psychological Responses, Perceived Quality and Usefulness, Progress and Development, and Feedback Content and Delivery - offer rich insights into the multifaceted experiences of students. While some students responded to the feedback provided during weeks 4 and 5 (ChatGPT-generated feedback), perceiving it as a catalyst for learning and self-improvement, others expressed concerns about its consistency and personalization. The study highlights the potential of ChatGPT in education, while also illuminating the need for a balanced, adaptive, and personalized approach to feedback that aligns with diverse learning styles, emotional responses, and educational needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tutelage of our mentors as scientists included the analogy that writing a good scientific paper was an exercise in storytelling that omitted unessential details that did not move the story forward or that detracted from the overall message. However, the advice to not get lost in the details had an important flaw. In science, it is the many details of the data themselves and the methods used to generate and analyze them that give conclusions their probative meaning. Facts may sometimes slow or distract from the clarity, tidiness, intrigue, or flow of the narrative, but nevertheless they are important for the assessment of what was done, the trustworthiness of the science, and the meaning of the findings. Nevertheless, many critical elements and facts about research studies may be omitted from the narrative and become hidden from scholarly scrutiny. We describe a "baker's dozen" shortfalls in which such elements that are pertinent to evaluating the validity of scientific studies are sometimes hidden in reports of the work. Such shortfalls may be intentional or unintentional or lie somewhere in between. Additionally, shortfalls may occur at the level of the individual or an institution or of the entire system itself. We conclude by proposing countermeasures to these shortfalls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an autobiographical account of a research career in inflammatory diseases, mechanisms and pharmacotherapy, drug research and development, in academia and industry in various European countries spanning the last 55 years. The author describes how tenacity and independent thought, learned in formative years, and tempered later by the development of good relationships with colleagues have guided his career. This has spanned research, among other fields, on prostaglandins as pro-and anti-inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress and antioxidants, phospholipid mediators, cytokines, innate and adaptive immune responses and the establishment of various inflammatory and immunological models. The author has helped discover and develop novel therapeutic approaches to pain, arthritic, dermatological, respiratory, and autoimmune disorders and contributed to bringing eight drug candidates to clinical trials. He has helped establish new research labs in four different centres and been involved in teaching undergraduate and mature students in three different universities. With extensive experience in scientific publishing and several international awards, he emphasises that without good teamwork, little can be achieved in scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in orthopaedics, specifically in medical imaging, diagnosis, therapy, and surgery. It discusses the benefits and challenges of integrating AI into research and practice, highlighting its potential to improve efficiency and impact. The article also raises ethical concerns regarding plagiarism and authorship when using AI in scientific writing. It emphasizes the need for dialogue and negotiation between publishers and AI developers to address copyright and financial compensation issues. Overall, AI is seen as a powerful tool to support and enhance orthopaedic research, but it cannot replace the emotional connection and leadership provided by teachers in education. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: Little is known about the scientific literature regarding the new revolutionary tool, ChatGPT. We aim to perform a bibliometric analysis to identify ChatGPT-related publications in obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN). Study design: A bibliometric study through PubMed database. We mined all ChatGPT-related publications using the search term "ChatGPT". Bibliometric data were obtained from the iCite database. We performed a descriptive analysis. We further compared IF among publications describing a study vs. other publications. Results: Overall, 42 ChatGPT-related publications were published across 26 different journals during 69 days. Most publications were editorials (52%) and news/briefing (22%), with only one (2%) research article identified. Five (12%) publications described a study performed. No ChatGPT-related publications in OBGYN were found. The leading journal by the number of publications was Nature (24%), followed by Lancet Digital Health and Radiology (7%, for both). The main subjects of publications were ChatGPT's scientific writing quality (26%) and a description of ChatGPT (26%) followed by tested performance of ChatGPT (14%), authorship and ethical issues (10% for both topics).In a comparison of publications describing a study performed (n = 5) vs. other publications (n = 37), mean IF was lower in the study-publications (mean 6.25 ± 0 vs. 25.4 ± 21.6, p <.001). Conclusions: The study highlights main trends in ChatGPT-related publications. OBGYN is yet to be represented in this literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides ten tips for authors to expedite the peer-review process and increase the chances of swift publication in the journal Economic Botany. The tips include ensuring that the paper aligns with the journal's mission, following the guidelines for authors, justifying the novelty and innovation of the research, formulating clear research questions or hypotheses, providing thorough materials and methods, using sensitive language, going beyond plant lists, critically evaluating the use of ethnobotanical indices, practicing good scientific writing, and writing for a broad audience. The article emphasizes the importance of adhering to these recommendations to avoid delays in the publication process. [Extracted from the article]

Machine translation (MT) has already been widely applied in various fields, such as businesses, health, communication, and international relations. However, its performance is not satisfactory in specific domains. Researchers have devised different solutions, such as controlled languages (CLs). Nonetheless, as the previous CLs have placed too much emphasis on words or sentences, the author believes it is important to consider contextual factors. Therefore, the author created a controlled document authoring system that integrates document formalization, CLs, MT, and terminology management. Evaluation work was then conducted to assess whether the system was effective and satisfactory. This research provides fascinating insights into CLs, MT, technical writing, terminology management, translation technology, and natural language processing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of computers and digital transformation, a solution for generating evidence-based medicine is the use of synthetic data derivatives with the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). Although some AI software is capable to write novel research, some with a 0% of plagiarism, AI methods cannot be listed as authors in papers [[2]]. AI in medicine AI has an incredible potential that will revolutionize all aspects of life, including technology and medicine. AI in orthopaedics Orthopaedic surgery is amenable to take advantage of AI. [Extracted from the article]

We present the Webis-STEREO-21 dataset, a massive collection of Scientific Text Reuse in Open-access publications. It contains 91 million cases of reused text passages found in 4.2 million unique open-access publications. Cases range from overlap of as few as eight words to near-duplicate publications and include a variety of reuse types, ranging from boilerplate text to verbatim copying to quotations and paraphrases. Featuring a high coverage of scientific disciplines and varieties of reuse, as well as comprehensive metadata to contextualize each case, our dataset addresses the most salient shortcomings of previous ones on scientific writing. The Webis-STEREO-21 does not indicate if a reuse case is legitimate or not, as its focus is on the general study of text reuse in science, which is legitimate in the vast majority of cases. It allows for tackling a wide range of research questions from different scientific backgrounds, facilitating both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phenomenon as well as a first-time grounding on the base rate of text reuse in scientific publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific writing builds upon already published papers. Manual identification of publications to read, cite or consider as related papers relies on a researcher's ability to identify fitting keywords or initial papers from which a literature search can be started. The rapidly increasing amount of papers has called for automatic measures to find the desired relevant publications, so-called paper recommendation systems. As the number of publications increases so does the amount of paper recommendation systems. Former literature reviews focused on discussing the general landscape of approaches throughout the years and highlight the main directions. We refrain from this perspective, instead we only consider a comparatively small time frame but analyse it fully. In this literature review we discuss used methods, datasets, evaluations and open challenges encountered in all works first released between January 2019 and October 2021. The goal of this survey is to provide a comprehensive and complete overview of current paper recommendation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What role does nationality—or the image of a nation—play in how one thinks and receives scientific ideas? This paper investigates the commonly held ideas about "German science" and "French science" in early nineteenth-century France. During the politically turbulent time, the seemingly independent scientific community found itself in a difficult position: first, between the cosmopolitan ideals of scientific community and the invasive political reality, and second, between the popularized image of national differences and the actual comparisons of international scientific ideas. The tension between multiple sets of fictions and realities underscores the fragility of the concept of nationality as a scientific measure. A case study comparing morphological ideas, receptions in France, and the actual scientific texts of J. W. von Goethe and A. P. de Candolle further illustrates this fragility. Goethe and Candolle make an ideal comparative case because they were received in very different lights despite their similar concept of the plant type. Our sentence-classification and visualization methods are applied to their scientific texts, to compare the actual compositions and forms of the texts that purportedly represented German and French sciences. This paper concludes that there was a gap between what French readers assumed they read and what they really read, when it came to foreign scientific texts. The differences between Goethe's and Candolle's texts transcended the perceived national differences between German Romanticism and French Classicism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the launch of the ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer) artificial intelligence model by OpenAI in November 2022. While ChatGPT has shown potential in the field of medical scientific writing, concerns have been raised about its impact on scientific writing and publishing. The model can assist with grammar and writing style checks, literature reviews, and research design, benefiting non-native English speakers and promoting fairness in scientific communication. However, caution is advised as ChatGPT lacks specialized medical knowledge and cannot conduct experiments or collect data. It should be viewed as a supplementary tool rather than a replacement for professional judgment and experimental practices. The generated content should be thoroughly reviewed and verified, and reliance on actual research results is essential. [Extracted from the article]

We explore how students developed an integrated understanding of scientific ideas and how they applied their understandings in new situations. We examine the incremental development of 7th grade students' scientific ideas across four iterations of a scientific explanation related to a freshwater system. We demonstrate that knowing how to make use of scientific ideas to explain phenomena needs to be learned just as developing integrated understanding of scientific ideas needs to be learned. Students participated in an open-ended, long-term project-based learning unit, constructing one explanation over time to address, "How healthy is our stream for freshwater organisms and how do our actions on land potentially impact the water quality of the stream?" The explanation developed over several weeks as new data were collected and analyzed. Students discussed evidence by revisiting scientific ideas and including new scientific ideas. This research investigates two questions: (1) As students engage in writing a scientific explanation over time, to what extent do they develop integrated understanding of appropriate scientific ideas? and (2) When writing about new evidence, do these earlier experiences of writing explanations enable students to make use of new scientific ideas in more sophisticated ways? In other words, do earlier experiences allow students to know how to make use of their ideas in these new situations? The results indicated statistically significant effects. Through various iterations of the explanation students included richer discussion using appropriate scientific ideas. Students were also able to make better use of new knowledge in new situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ChatGPT and similar AI tools can be harnessed to improve the efficiency of the scientific writing process by providing initial drafts, checking language, grammar, and spelling [[4]]. Future research, utilizing larger sample sizes and the most updated AI versions, is necessary for a comprehensive and accurate understanding of the capabilities of such AI tools in scientific writing [[3]]. [Extracted from the article]

Efforts in providing high-quality scientific software are hardly rewarded, as scientific output is typically measured in terms of publications in high ranking journals. As a result, scientific software is often developed without proper documentation and support of modern software design patterns. Ready-to-use project skeletons can be employed to accelerate the development process, while at the same time taking care of the implementation of best practices in software engineering. In this work, we revisit best practices in software engineering and review existing project skeletons. Special emphasis is given on the realization of best practices. Finally, we present a new project skeleton for scientific writing in , which takes care of the attainment of best practices, adapted for being used in academic publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies showing improved learning performances for students who take notes collaboratively have speculated that sharing this task among group members may reduce the extraneous cognitive burden placed on each member. Therefore, a study (n = 171) was conducted in the context of a flipped scientific writing course to examine the effects of collaborative note-taking on student's levels of cognitive load. Students in the course were divided into two groups, with members of the treatment group being directed to take collaborative notes in a shared online document and members of the control group receiving no such instructions. The study also measured the level of collaboration the collaborative note-takers engaged in, as well as the level of completeness of the notes that they produced. The results showed that, firstly, the treatment group reported higher levels of both germane and extraneous cognitive load compared to those of the control group, meaning that collaborative note-takers experienced higher levels of understanding of course content as well as increased confusion. Secondly, the level of collaboration was positively and significantly correlated with levels of germane load (understanding), but not with extraneous load (confusion). Thirdly, no correlation was found between completeness of notes and cognitive load. Accordingly, the authors suggest that collaborative note-taking is worthwhile, as the gains to students' understanding of course content outweigh the disadvantages of increased confusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of twelve such prompts covering all specialties of ophthalmology were given to the ChatGPT (each prompt thrice), and it was able to generate a full abstract with all the correct headings in a matter of seconds. Keywords: ChatGPT; Publication; Scientific; Abstract; Ethics; Ophthalmology EN ChatGPT Publication Scientific Abstract Ethics Ophthalmology 3205 3206 2 10/24/23 20231101 NES 231101 Graph ChatGPT SP R sp is an artificial intelligence-based large language model made public in November 2022. ChatGPT, Publication, Abstract, Ethics, Ophthalmology, Scientific. [Extracted from the article]

Citation recommendation describes the task of recommending citations for a given text. Due to the overload of published scientific works in recent years on the one hand, and the need to cite the most appropriate publications when writing scientific texts on the other hand, citation recommendation has emerged as an important research topic. In recent years, several approaches and evaluation data sets have been presented. However, to the best of our knowledge, no literature survey has been conducted explicitly on citation recommendation. In this article, we give a thorough introduction to automatic citation recommendation research. We then present an overview of the approaches and data sets for citation recommendation and identify differences and commonalities using various dimensions. Last but not least, we shed light on the evaluation methods and outline general challenges in the evaluation and how to meet them. We restrict ourselves to citation recommendation for scientific publications, as this document type has been studied the most in this area. However, many of the observations and discussions included in this survey are also applicable to other types of text, such as news articles and encyclopedic articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ideally, guidelines reflect an accepted position with respect to matters of concern, ranging from clinical practices to researcher behaviour. Upon close reading, authorship guidelines reserve authorship attribution to individuals fully or almost fully embedded in particular studies, including design or execution as well as significant involvement in the writing process. These requirements prescribe an organisation of scientific work in which this embedding is specifically enabled. Drawing from interviews with nutrition scientists at universities and in the food industry, we demonstrate that the organisation of research labour can deviate significantly from such prescriptions. The organisation of labour, regardless of its content, then, has consequences for who qualifies as an author. The fact that fewer food industry employees qualify is actively used by the food industry to manage the credibility and ownership of their knowledge claims as allonymous science: the attribution of science assisted by authorship guidelines blind to all but one organisational frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessments of new pedagogical practices usually rely on instructor oriented surveys and questionnaires to measure student perceptions of teaching methods; however, fixed response categories in structured questionnaires might bias results. This paper demonstrates a mixed methods approach using open and multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) for a student-oriented exploratory analysis and visualization of perceptions of teaching methods. A scientific writing and research methodology course is a required course for first year PhD students in software engineering and geo-infomatics at Wuhan University, China. PhD students attending this course came from countries whose first language is not English, and from a variety of software engineering and geo-infomatics domains. The problem therefore, was to elicit un-mediated perceptions of course assignment, reduce and generalize the resulting data for interpretation. A graphical visualization of themes emerging in student responses to two open-ended questions about an assignment provided a basis for inferring student interests and needs. In this course, an assessment of a task oriented problem-solving experience was implemented through a mixed method strategy incorporating qualitative methods, exploratory data mining techniques, and cartographic visualization. The visualization shows that participating students generally perceived the exercise as challenging, helped them understand journal requirements, and develop ways to survey texts to extract information. The results also suggested that this consensus breaks down in terms of each participant's own goals, domain, and research interests. Unstructured questions, open coding, and MDS visualization might also prove to be helpful in the process of devising and assessing other student centered pedagogies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much has been said about the need for improving the current definitions of scientific authorship, but an aspect that is often overlooked is how to formulate and communicate these definitions to ensure that they are comprehensible and useful for researchers, notably researchers active in international research consortia. In light of a rapid increase in international collaborations within natural sciences, this article uses authorship of this branch of sciences as an example and provides suggestions to improve the comprehensibility of the definitions of authorship in natural sciences. It assesses whether the definition of authorship provided by the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity can deal with current issues and problems of scientific authorship. Notably, problems that are experienced in project groups with researchers coming from multiple countries. Using theories developed by Jürgen Habermas and Robert Merton, a normative framework is developed to articulate ethical authorship in natural sciences. Accordingly, enriching the current definition of authorship with normative elements and using discipline-specific metaphors to communicate them are introduced as possible ways of improving the comprehensibility of the definition of authorship in international environments. Finally, this article provides a proposal to be considered in the future revisions of the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There have been numerous environmental geochemistry studies using chemical, geological, ecological, and toxicological methods but each of these fields requires more subject specialist rigour than has generally been applied so far. Field-specific terminology has been misused and the resulting interpretations rendered inaccurate. In this paper, we propose a series of suggestions, based on our experience as teachers, researchers, reviewers, and editorial board members, to help authors to avoid pitfalls. Many scientific inaccuracies continue to be unchecked and are repeatedly republished by the scientific community. These recommendations should help our colleagues and editorial board members, as well as reviewers, to avoid the numerous inaccuracies and misconceptions currently in circulation and establish a trend towards greater rigour in scientific writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly and exponentially evolving one, and it is reasonable to assume that future versions or similar iterations of language models such as ChatGPT may be capable of mitigating and overcoming the limitations we have highlighted in our study. We agree that despite the current limitations, Artificial Intelligence (AI) language models such as ChatGPT have the potential to positively contribute to scientific writing and academic research. [Extracted from the article]

Text recycling, often called "self-plagiarism", is the practice of reusing textual material from one's prior documents in a new work. The practice presents a complex set of ethical and practical challenges to the scientific community, many of which have not been addressed in prior discourse on the subject. This essay identifies and discusses these factors in a systematic fashion, concluding with a new definition of text recycling that takes these factors into account. Topics include terminology, what is not text recycling, factors affecting judgements about the appropriateness of text recycling, and visual materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technical writing allows reduction of the negative impacts of technical communication barriers by unification and standardization of documents, collection of user product requirements, and study of the user experience to develop scenarios for improving the user-friendliness of a product (usability and human factors), instruction design, and increasing the readability of technical documents through the use of simplified technical language, information style, and information design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present discussion contribution argues that O. Müller not only suppresses Goethe’s declared intentions with regard to the latter’s Theory of Colors and ignores his place in what in any case is a different scientific culture than his (Müller’s) own or Newton’s, namely a premodern culture of “narrative knowledge” in the sense specified by Lyotard. Moreover, Müller entangles himself in the paradox of wanting on the one hand to back up Goethe on the level of fact when the latter opposes the militant selfrighteousness of the Newtonian school, but doing so on the other hand by constructing an epic-heroic narrative of Newtonian militance, not to say eristic belligerence contradictory to Goethe’s own “tolerant enlightenment” in Lakatos’ sense. Thus, we are confronted with one of those cases where, as Paul de Man puts it, a multidimensional critical reading on the semiological as well as rhetorical levels shows “that the text does not practice what it preaches” (1979, 5). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many scientific manuscripts submitted for publication are limited by fundamental mistakes in their preparation, leading to rejection. We describe how to write a well-organized radiological research manuscript containing all of the important ingredients for effective communication of a hypothesis-driven scientific study in the context of medical imaging.Key Points: • Mistakes in the preparation of scientific manuscripts lead to rejection. • Scientific writing, like any important skill, can be learned. • A well-developed approach will improve the quality of scientific writing. • High-quality scientific writing is essential to communicate research results. • A well-organized manuscript effectively communicates a hypothesis-driven scientific study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss some aspects of a pilot e-learning technical writing course addressed to 11th grade vocational high school students in Greece. The application of this alternative teaching intervention stemmed from the researcher- instructor's reflections relating to the integration of a problem based e-pedagogy that aims not just to familiarize students with some technical writing text-types, but to trigger a positive way of thinking and writing and thus enhance students' linguistic literacy. Can genuine interest to content learning (the school's vocational sectors and technical subjects) revert the negative attitude towards school writing activities? And what if the teachers, taking advantage of this interest, converted the conventional language lesson to a web mediated, e-learning problem based language course by engaging more energetic, student-centered teaching and learning approaches? The study showed that a job-related language course through the application of motivating e-pedagogy can revert the vocational students language literacy in a positive direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current scientific publishing landscape, there is a need for an authoring workflow that easily integrates data and code into manuscripts and that enables the data and code to be published in reusable form. Automated embedding of data and code into published output will enable superior communication and data archiving. In this work, we demonstrate a proof of concept for a workflow, org-mode, which successfully provides this authoring capability and workflow integration. We illustrate this concept in a series of examples for potential uses of this workflow. First, we use data on citation counts to compute the h-index of an author, and show two code examples for calculating the h-index. The source for each example is automatically embedded in the PDF during the export of the document. We demonstrate how data can be embedded in image files, which themselves are embedded in the document. Finally, metadata about the embedded files can be automatically included in the exported PDF, and accessed by computer programs. In our customized export, we embedded metadata about the attached files in the PDF in an Info field. A computer program could parse this output to get a list of embedded files and carry out analyses on them. Authoring tools such as Emacs + org-mode can greatly facilitate the integration of data and code into technical writing. These tools can also automate the embedding of data into document formats intended for consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Quality Department of the French National Space Agency (CNES, Centre National d'Études Spatiales) wishes to design a writing guide based on the real and regular writing of requirements. As a first step in this project, the present article proposes a linguistic analysis of requirements written in French by CNES engineers. One of our goals is to determine to what extent they conform to several rules laid down in two existing Controlled Natural Languages (CNLs), namely the Simplified Technical English developed by the AeroSpace and Defense Industries Association of Europe and the Guide for Writing Requirements proposed by the International Council on Systems Engineering. Indeed, although CNES engineers are not obliged to follow any controlled language in their writing of requirements, we believe that language regularities are likely to emerge from this task, mainly due to the writers' experience. We are seeking to identify these regularities in order to use them as a basis for a new CNL for the writing of requirements. The issue is approached using natural language processing tools to identify sentences that do not comply with the rules or contain specific linguistic phenomena. We further review these sentences to understand why the recommendations cannot (or should not) always be applied when specifying large-scale projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquake engineering parameters are very important in the engineering field, especially engineering anti-seismic design and earthquake disaster prevention. In this study, we focus on simulating earthquake engineering parameters by the empirical Green's function method. The simulated earthquake (MJMA6.5) occurred in Kyushu, Japan, 1997. Horizontal ground motion is separated as fault parallel and fault normal, in order to assess characteristics of two new direction components. Broadband frequency range of ground motion simulation is from 0.1 to 20 Hz. Through comparing observed parameters and synthetic parameters, we analyzed distribution characteristics of earthquake engineering parameters. From the comparison, the simulated waveform has high similarity with the observed waveform. We found the following. (1) Near-field PGA attenuates radically all around with strip radiation patterns in fault parallel while radiation patterns of fault normal is circular; PGV has a good similarity between observed record and synthetic record, but has different distribution characteristic in different components. (2) Rupture direction and terrain have a large influence on 90 % significant duration. (3) Arias Intensity is attenuating with increasing epicenter distance. Observed values have a high similarity with synthetic values. (4) Predominant period is very different in the part of Kyushu in fault normal. It is affected greatly by site conditions. (5) Most parameters have good reference values where the hypo-central is less than 35 km. (6) The GOF values of all these parameters are generally higher than 45 which means a good result according to Olsen's classification criterion. Not all parameters can fit well. Given these synthetic ground motion parameters, seismic hazard analysis can be performed and earthquake disaster analysis can be conducted in future urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative attention biases (AB) may play a causal role in the development of emotional disorders. In order to examine this proposed causal role, researchers have developed Attention Bias Modification (ABM) paradigms to experimentally induce or reduce AB. To date, most ABM studies have been based on modified dot-probe tasks. However, this task is only moderately successful in changing patterns of AB. In two laboratory-based experiments, we explored the effects of a novel visual search ABM paradigm, called 'Intrinsically-Motivating Playable Attentional Control Training', on AB processes and mood in undergraduate participants. Motivation was fostered by active task involvement (i.e., searching for target faces while ignoring irrelevant faces) and gamification techniques. In both experiments, training performance significantly improved, but failed to transfer to attention and mood measures. Possible explanations for the failure to find transfer effects are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is increasing impetus to improve the quality of research and scientific writing. Systematic reviews provide Class 1 research evidence, are based upon an established rigor and communicate results in a comprehensive manner, and are therefore particularly relevant to clinicians and researchers. Clinician requirements for quality systematic reviews are twofold: to keep up to date with research and to make informed decisions including those required for diagnoses, disease or risk assessment, and treatment. Researchers rely upon quality systematic reviews to compete for diminishing research funds, prove efficacy for intervention trials, and to meet increasing demand for evidence based intervention. However, insufficient systematic reviews are undertaken, and the methodological rigor and quality are often variable. The aim of this article is to guide researchers through the iterative systematic review process in order to improve quality and thereby increase publication rates. The step by step guide provides a road map through the EQUATOR network and practical suggestions in order to meet the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) (Moher et al. ) as well as encouraging high standards through the use of quality rating scales. Lastly, information is provided to encourage quantitative analysis to improve the synthesis of results and qualitative interpretation, such as calculating effect sizes or conducting a meta-analyses as the ultimate goal of a systematic review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the methods of writing a case report by providing reason, format and limitations of writing along with its significance for the scientific community. It is suggested that the format includes abstract, Introduction and case-description and that the Medical Council of India, a regulating body, does not consider case reports as research publications.

This study attempts to relate faculty feelings towards writing with writing genres, perceived competences and values associated to writing. 67 foreign languages faculty in Colombia and Spain voluntarily filled in a four-section on-line questionnaire entitled The Writing Feelings Questionnaire. All the sections were Likert Scale type. The first, Affective dimension, consisted of a list of bipolar adjectives (feelings) associated to writing; the second, Genres, asked about frequency of use of written genres; in the third one, Competences, faculty evaluated their perceived proficiency in writing competences; in section fourth, Good writing, faculty valued good writing characteristics. Exploratory factor analyses were performed and subsequently, data were related through a co-occurrence analysis. Results showed a three-factor structure for the four sections, associating: (a) writing to feelings of demanding standards of writing, satisfaction and importance; (b) genres to research writing, technical writing and narrative writing; (c) perceived writing competences to the management of formal and technical mechanisms, discursive mechanisms and in a less percentage, composition processes competences; and (d) good writing to data- driven content information, argumentative procedures and rhetoric mechanisms. Correlations showed that perceived proficiency in writing competences was related to all feelings. Besides, participants conceived writing as demanding, but also as important and satisfactory in their profession. In conclusion, being conscious of the importance of writing a specific genre and perceiving as competent writers are the variables that lead faculty identity to devote time and energy to increase their production of research writing genres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graduate students are rewarded with better job opportunities if they can demonstrate a productive publishing record. In this article we report on a writing program that generated technical publications in a discipline-based graduate class. Seventeen student authors were interviewed about the influence of the experience on their professional development. For many students the most powerful experience was working as a member of a research team. Master's students benefited from being able to transfer research experience into their thesis programs. Doctoral students stretched the definitions of their disciplines and learned new research methods. One cost of the research project was that less discipline-specific content was covered in the course. Overall, students improved soft skills through participation in the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines Anesthesia research in Japan and discusses the situation for medical science in the country. Topics discussed include decline in absolute number of scientific publications from Japan; status of medical and anesthesia publications; and contribution of the periodical in improving the quality of Japanese anesthesia research.

The advancement of science, as well as scientific careers, depends upon good and clear scientific writing. Science is the most democratic of human endeavours because, in principle, anyone can replicate a scientific discovery. In order for this to continue, writing must be clear enough to be understood well enough to allow replication, either in principle or in fact. In this paper I will present data on the publication process in Evolutionary Ecology, use it to illustrate some of the problems in scientific papers, make some general remarks about writing scientific papers, summarise two new paper categories in the journal which will fill gaps that appear to be expanding in the literature, and summarise new journal policies to help mitigate existing problems. Most of the suggestions about writing would apply to any scientific journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers the author's insights on the ethical aspects of scientific writing. The author discusses the work role of the author in ensuring the overall accountability of the paper, the advantages of collaborations and partnerships in scientific research, and the intense competition to acquire grants, promotions, and awards, are mentioned.

Text-based plagiarism, or textual copying, typically in the form of replicating or patchwriting sentences in a row from sources, seems to be an issue of growing concern among scientific journal editors. Editors have emphasized that senior authors (typically supervisors of science students) should take the responsibility for educating novices against text-based plagiarism. To address a research gap in the literature as to how scientist supervisors perceive the issue of textual copying and what they do in educating their students, this paper reports an interview study with 14 supervisors at a research-oriented Chinese university. The study throws light on the potentiality of senior authors mentoring novices in English as an Additional Language (EAL) contexts and has implications for the efforts that can be made in the wider scientific community to support scientists in writing against text-based plagiarism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on the issues on the structure of introduction-methods-results-and- discussion (IMRAD) in the organization of research paper. The author talks about the role of IMRAD in improving the research paper writing. He also discusses aspects of IMRAD as an outcome of the evolution of scientific publishing, its role as an adaptable structure for research papers, and its importance as an evolutionary process.

An introduction is presented in which the authors discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the use of Web 2.0 technologies such as Facebook in college courses, online discussion forum, and collaborative technical paper writing aided by software system.

The authors revisit their 1991 Bigglestone Award winning Fire Technology paper “Fire Risk Analysis: General Conceptual Framework for Describing Models” and comment on what has changed, what has evolved, and what has remained the same in our understanding of good practice in the conduct of fire risk analysis. Also, the authors refer to the present issues and the future prospects in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a description of the factors used in determining whether or not papers submitted to the "Journal of International Business Studies" (JIBS) are considered to be sufficiently international. Some business journals consider papers to be sufficiently international if they involve a non-U.S. setting or a non-U.S. co-author, but JIBS has stricter qualifications. To be published in JIBS, papers must be intrinsically international in nature and must adhere to the guidelines found in the JIBS Statement of Editorial Policy.

Much writing on scientific biography focuses on the legitimacy and utility of this genre. In contrast, this essay discusses a variety of genre conventions and imperatives which continue to exert a powerful influence on the selection of biographical subjects, and to control the plot and structure of the ensuing biographies. These imperatives include the following: the plot templates of the Bildungsroman (the realistic novel of individual self-development), the life trajectories of Weberian ideal types, and the functional elements and personae of the folkloric tale of the "hero's quest." The essay discusses the nature and application of these genre conventions in some detail, with the conclusion that biography, however useful, exerts a powerfully distorting influence on the image of how most science gets done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study regarding the use of digital primary source documents in doing research works. According to the author, teachers are usually distressed to find students copying documents and pasting documents right away on their final paper without focusing on the research questions. Several points on what students were enumerated. Included are to define the information needed, collect and manage information from digital sources and interpret information using Information and communication tools. Key information about the steps to take in planning instructional activities is further presented.

Presents instructions for authors submitting papers for possible publication in the journal "Instructional Science."