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A method and an experimental setup are developed for determining the intensity of evaporation from the free surface of water. During the measurement, the ambient air velocity and the water temperature can be varied. The mass and temperature of water, as well as the temperature, pressure, and humidity of the ambient air are measured as functions of time. The evaporation rates are calculated from the measured and recorded data in the cases of natural and forced convection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we deal with weighted interpolation on the real line. We show that the Hermite-Fejér interpolation process is not optimal, but the Grünwald operator is the ideal case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-two carcinoma patients aged less than 65 years were subjected to radical nephrectomy through total median laparotomy. This type of approach provides excellent access to both essential operation phases: vessel management and lymphadenectomy. Postoperative abdominal complications and hernia have not been encountered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observations with diagnostic ultrasound in renal disease over a 10-year period are reviewed. The advantages of diagnostic methedos involving the least possible discomfort to the patient are emphasized. Ultrasonography is regarded as a reliable noninvasive method for the diagnostic differentiation between renal tumours and cysts. It was used by the authors for this purpose in 740 cases. Renal tumours were found by this method in 622, and renal cysts in 118 cases. Of the 740 patients, 726 underwent surgery. The preoperative ultrasonic diagnosis of renal tumour proved to be correct in 91.8 per cent, that of renal cyst in 88.9 per cent of the respective surgical cases. Ultrasonography also lends itself to the follow-up of polycystic disease of the kidney, being suited for its early diagnosis, as well as to its identification in the stage of renal failure when the traditional diagnostic methods are no longer practicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagnostic reliability of ultrasonic scanning in urology is evaluated in the light of 10 years' experience. This recent, non-invasive, diagnostic method, in association with the traditional investigation procedures, is regarded as reliable and harmless, as illustrated by published results and the author's own observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residual urine was measured with the two-dimensional and the gray-scale equipments (Kretz-Technik) in 26 cases each. The results were checked by catheterization. The difference between the ultrasonographic and the catheter values was 20 to 40 ml for the two-dimensional, but only 5 to 10 ml for the gray-scale apparatus. Ultrasonography is regarded as a reliable and entirely harmless procedure, suited for the measurement of residual urine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case is reported in which diagnosis of a calyceal diverticulum, at the time of observation of cystic appearance, was made by ultrasonography, without requiring special roentgen diagnostic procedures of limited safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagnostic ultrasound has been used over the last eight years for the demonstration of various space-occupying lesions of the urogenital tract, for the estimatiion of the prostate size and for the identification of intrascrotal processes and tumor. 918 patients were studied by this method. In 595 (87.3 per cent) of the 682 surgical cases in this series ultrasonic diagnosis was confirmed by the surgical finding. False-positive and false-negative results totalled 17.7 per cent. The method is particularly suited, for the differential diagnosis of renal cysts from tumours without the need for other procedures involving discomfort to the patients. This procedure, which is free from any iatrogenic hazard, provides accourate information on the size and structure, of space-occupying lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A surgical case of coexisting renal cyst and tumour is reported, diagnosis having been made preoperatively with the aid of two recent diagnostic procedures. Electron microscopic study of the surgical specimen revealed virus-like intranuclear particles in the malignant tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case of hydronephrosis is reported in which the diagnosis has been confirmed on the ground of renal echography. The physical principles of the method are outlined. Its expediency, safety and efficiency are emphasized. It is considered the most reliable diagnostic procedure if hydronephrosis is suspected in case of renal occlusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relying on literary data and their own observations, authors discuss the use of ultrasonography in medicine in general and in urology in particular. Nephrosonography is a valuable, tool for the differentiation of renal tumours from cysts and provides a useful supplement to the traditional methods of examination. Good results in differential diagnosis have been obtained by changing the frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]