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Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnoea hypoventilation syndrome (OSAHS) is a common sleep disorder that affects multiple body systems, which in turn is closely associated with cognitive dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, oncological cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. In recent years, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) has emerged as a new opportunity for biomarker discovery. We therefore discuss the research progress and potential role of ncRNAs in obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome. Methods: This review systematically searched relevant academic literature from PubMed, Web of Science and other databases. During the retrieval process, a combination of keywords such as "OSAHS", "ncRNA", "lncRNA", "miRAN", "circRNA" was used for search. Results: Circulating ncRNA has good area under the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of OSAHS, and has the potential to become a diagnostic marker for OSAHS, while several circulating ncRNAs or circulating ncRNAs in combination with other tests such as the Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Screening Scale have a higher value of application as a test for OSAHS. Further analyses revealed that many circulating ncRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in the serum of OSAHS patients with different very severities, a potential marker for predicting the severity of OSAHS, and that the ncRNA content of patients' serum also had a significant effect during CPAP therapy, suggesting that it may have potential for therapeutic monitoring. Meanwhile, serum ncRNAs from patients have been shown to be effective in the diagnosis of OSAHS complications such as hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, acute myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis. The expression of up- or down-regulated ncRNAs can regulate different signalling pathways, which in turn affects various OSAHS complications such as pulmonary hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cognitive dysfunction, and is expected to become a new direction for the treatment of these complications. Conclusions: The changes in ncRNA expression in OSAHS patients are expected to be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS, and can also be used as a potential biomarker for the combination of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and cognitive dysfunction in OSAHS. It is believed that the continuous progress of ncRNA-related research is expected to promote the early detection, diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS and its complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) with advantages of low cost, high safety, and eco-friendliness hold immense potential as large-scale energy storage devices. Nevertheless, the uncontrollable side reactions and Zn dendrites severely compromise the reversibility and stability of zinc anodes, hindering the practical application of ZIBs. In this study, glycine is introduced as a bi-functional additive into the ZnSO4 electrolyte to address these challenges. Experimental results and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the glycine can effectively modulate the solvation structure of Zn2+, thereby suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the formation of by-products. Additionally, glycine molecules preferentially adsorb onto the zinc anode, altering the interface between the Zn anode and the electrolyte. This increases the nucleation overpotential and inhibits the 2D diffusion of Zn2+, promoting the homogeneous deposition of Zn. As a result, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell with glycine additive displays a stable cycling performance for over 1500 h at 5 mA cm−2 and 1 mA h cm−2, and the Zn||Cu asymmetric cell exhibits a reversible plating/stripping process with the high stable coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98.4% over 600 cycles. This study offers a low-cost, efficient, and environmentally benign electrolyte additive for favorable Zn deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) have great potential in energy storage systems. However, the parasitic side reactions and dendrite growth during the reversible plating/stripping process limit their practical applications. Electrolyte engineering provides an effective solution to these issues. Herein, a trace amount of xylitol (only 2 mM) is used as an additive to the common ZnSO4 electrolyte. The results show that xylitol can modulate the solvation coordination between Zn2+ and H2O, reducing the number of active H2O molecules. Moreover, the xylitol molecule tends to adsorb on the Zn foil more effectively than H2O, thus increasing the Zn nucleation overpotential and suppressing the 2D diffusion of Zn2+ ions. For these reasons, the side reactions and Zn dendrites can be effectively inhibited in the electrolyte with xylitol. The cycling performance of a Zn||Zn symmetric cell, Zn||Cu asymmetric cell and Zn||VO2 full cell in electrolyte with xylitol was also enhanced compared with the bare ZnSO4 electrolyte. Therefore, the green and low-cost xylitol is an effective and promising additive to improve the stability of Zn anodes in ZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of aqueous zinc ion batteries is restricted by the unstable Zn metal anode, which comes from the dendrite and hydrogen evolution reaction on the Zn electrode–electrolyte interface. Here, melamine additive is introduced into the electrolyte to build a stable Zn anode. The melamine additive supplies two functions: one is optimizing the Zn2+ solvation structure to produce [Zn(H2O)m(melamine)n]2+; the other is in situ constructing a C,N-solid electrolyte interphase layer. The bifunction of the additive reduces the hydrogen evolution reaction, induces a uniform Zn deposition without dendrite, and protects Zn from electrolyte corrosion. As a result, the Zn anode in ZnSO4 + melamine shows a lower overpotential, higher coulombic efficiency, and longer cycle life, in contrast with the pure ZnSO4 electrolyte, thus proving that this bifunctional additive is an effective method to achieve a stable Zn anode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wall color has the certain impact on the learning performance of college students in the classroom. To find the suitable wall color to improve the learning performance, this study used the virtual reality (VR) technology to build five virtual classrooms with yellow, red, white, blue, and green walls, while the subjective evaluation and objective physiological indicators of college students were collected. The subjective survey showed the cold-colored walls such as blue and green had the highest levels of relaxation and pleasure, while the warm-colored walls such as yellow and red had the better attention and learning performance. And the white-walled classroom had the lowest subjective evaluation and the worst learning performance, but the white wall was widely used in the present class room. Physiological test results showed the yellow wall had the higher HRV-nLF/nHF and low-β & high-β frequencies in the FP2 channel in the frontal, but the white wall had the lowest scores. Moreover, the correlation analysis had confirmed electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) indicators could be employed to evaluate the learning performance. These findings provide an effective reference for the spatial design of university classrooms and a basis for the study of physiological indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadium carbide, V8C7/C, with low crystallization and loose inner structure is successfully designed via a convenient method of optimizing annealing time. This structure increases electrochemical reaction active sites, decreases lattice strain, and accelerates lithium/zinc ions transport, effectively improving the lithium and zinc storage ability of V8C7/C. Profiting from these advantages, V8C7/C with this structure exhibits outstanding electrochemical activity in lithium ion batteries and aqueous zinc ion batteries. In lithium ion batteries, V8C7/C with low crystallization and a loose inner structure delivers a higher capacity of ~ 285.2 mAh g−1 compared to the product with high crystallization and a tight inner structure (~ 131 mAh g−1) after 50 cycles at 0.2 A g−1. Even at a high current density of 1.0 A g−1, the capacity can still be stabilized at ~ 142.9 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles. In aqueous zinc ion batteries, this designed structure also shows good cycling (~ 71.8 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 after 200 cycles) and rate (~ 84.7 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1) performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ophthalmic diseases are disorders that affect the eyes. Hundreds of causal genes and biological pathways have been reported to be closely correlated with ophthalmic diseases. However, these information are scattered across various resources, which has hindered a thorough and deep understanding of ophthalmic diseases. In the present work, we proposed the Human Ophthalmic Diseases Database (HODD), which currently deposits 730 ophthalmic diseases and 653 related genes and is available at http://bio-bigdata.cn/HODD/. The disease-related information and genes related to ophthalmic diseases were collected from the several well-known databases. To comprehensively understand the ophthalmic diseases, the basic information was provided for each disease, including disease description, related genes, gene location, ocular and extraocular effect of the disease, protein–protein interaction and disease-associated pathways. All these data were reorganized and made accessible through multiple entrances. We hope that HODD will facilitate studies on ophthalmic diseases. The workflow for the construction of the HODD (Human Ophthalmic Diseases Database, http://bio-bigdata.cn/HODD/) database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Denglouku Formation in the paleo-central uplift of the Songliao Basin is a large thick clastic deposit that has important oil and gas exploration potential. However, the natural gas in the Denglouku Formation has not yet formed to the necessary scale. The paleo-sedimentary environment plays an important role in controlling the development of source rocks and the physical properties, development, and distribution of reservoirs. Therefore, studying the paleo-sedimentary environment has important guiding significance for the formation and accumulation of oil and gas. In addition, studying the paleo-sedimentary environment of the Denglouku Formation can effectively reconstruct the terrestrial climate change in the Cretaceous and provide basic terrestrial geological data for studying the global Cretaceous paleoclimate, paleoenvironmental changes, and greenhouse climate. This paper uses clastic rock geochemistry, especially V/Cr, V/(V + Ni), Sr/Cu, SiO2/Al2O3, and Sr/Ba ratios and DF1, DF2, as well as other characteristic values and discriminations, to confirm that the depositional environment gradually changed from an oxygen-poor or reducing environment in the center to an oxygen-rich environment on the north and south sides; the climate in the north was drier and hotter than that in the south, and the humid climate in the south led to strong chemical weathering. There was a tendency to gradually evolve from a marine to transitional to freshwater environment from north to south. The source area was an active continental margin and a continental arc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A national surveillance system on hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) was launched in 2008 in China. Since then, millions of HFMD cases have been reported each year, with enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16), and coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) as the major causative pathogens. Long-term surveillance of viral infection rates and genetic changes is essential for understanding the disease epidemiology pattern. Here, we analyzed molecular surveillance data on CV-A16 covering a period of 12 years (2008-2019) in Guangdong, China, one of the regions reporting the largest number of HFMD cases. Full VP1 sequences of 456 strains were determined to examine the genetic diversity and changes in the distribution of CV-A16 variants. Our study revealed an irregular pattern of CV-A16 infections in Guangdong. Different from the cyclic epidemics observed in some Asia-Pacific regions, there was a continuously high CV-A16 infection rate from 2008 to 2014, and after a period of lower epidemic activity in 2015-2017, an upsurge of CV-A16 infection was observed in 2018-2019. Cocirculation of subgenotypes B1a and B1b was observed, but while subgenotype B1a was predominant from 2008 to 2012, it appears to have been replaced by B1b, which has circulated as the predominant subgenotype since 2013. Phylogenetic analysis showed that most of the circulating CV-A16 strains are endemic, with occasional transmission between neighboring regions. The re-emergence of B1a in 2016-2019 in Guangdong was likely the result of introduction(s) from Southeast Asia. These results highlight the importance of continuous molecular surveillance from different areas, which will improve our understanding of the origin of the epidemic and facilitate the development of strategies for HFMD disease control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to obtain effective and economical chemical agents for treatment of oily water from N oilfield. Component characterization of crude oil from N oilfield was carried out with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Optimization of non-ionic surfactants combined with dissolved air flotation (DAF) for oil removal was investigated. The results show that the crude oil consisted of nine major components which counted for 96.4% of the total composition, and the first four compounds made up 50% of the total composition. For the first four compounds, the density difference between water and each individual compound is smaller than the difference between water and normal alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms, while the solubility of these four compounds in water is greater than that of normal alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. The characteristic of both density and solubility of the crude oil increased the oil water separation difficulty in DAF progress. The oil content in oily water from N oilfield without any treatment was 5285.95 mg/L. The oil content after treatment of DAF without any chemicals was 895.53 mg/L. Non-ionic surfactants NIS1, NIS2 and NIS3 all were effective for removing emulsified oil in oily water in DAF progress. 1200 mg/L NIS1 combined with DAF was the optimized formulation by the view of efficiency and economy. The formulation could be successfully used as a commercial product in N oilfield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triclosan (TCS) is ubiquitous in a wide range of personal care and consumer products, and it is acute/chronic exposure may result in several nervous system disorders. Previous studies demonstrated TCS-induced abnormal expression of miRNAs, but no investigations focused on upstream changes of miRNAs and associated molecular mechanisms. Herein, phenotype observation and behavioral analysis confirmed that TCS exposure (0, 62.5, 125, 250 μg/L) led to developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish larvae, especially for oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). High-throughput sequencing demonstrated the critical role of miR-219 in the differentiation of OPCs. Larvae with miR-219 depletion showed the same phenotype caused by TCS. Functional tests with miR-219 knock-down and over-expression showed that miR-219 promoted differentiation of OPCs by acting on myelination inhibitors. The miR-219 also protected against TCS-induced inhibition of cell differentiation. Several epigenetic features were identified to reveal potential upstream regulatory mechanisms of miR-219. In particular, five CpG islands hyper-methylated with increasing TCS concentrations in the promoter region of miR-219. TCS inhibited OPC differentiation by influencing epigenetic effects on miR-219-related pathways, contributing to severe neurotoxicity. These findings enhance our understanding of epigenetic mechanisms affecting demyelination diseases due to TCS exposure, and also provide theoretical guidance for early intervention and gene therapy of environmentally induced diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the underlying reasons for the non-visualization of polyps on en face optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Methods: A cross-sectional study of consecutive treatment-naïve 30 eyes with active PCV was included. Results of fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and en face OCTA were analyzed. Results: A total of 64 active polyps were found on FFA and ICGA in 30 eyes. On OCTA, 42/64 (65.6%) polyps were visualized, while 22/64 (34.4%) polyps were non-visualized. There were no significant differences in the size (P = 0.723) and filling time of polyps (P = 0.558) between the two groups. However, polypoidal lesions were less common in the non-visualized group (P < 0.001). The height of the polyps on SD-OCT was 243.95 ± 114.24 μm in the non-visualized group, which was higher than those (188.00 ± 87.93 μm) in the visualized group (P = 0.048). Moreover, more pulsatile polyps (72.7%) were found in the non-visualized group than those (2.4%) in the visualized group (P < 0.001). Four of the 22 polyps in the non-visualized group (18.2%) were located under a thick subretinal hemorrhage, and two of 22 invisible polyps (9.6%) located under and parallel to the retinal vessel in the inner layer of retina. Conclusions: Our results revealed that the height of the polyps, and not the size and pulsation of the polyps, correlated with the visualization of the polyps on OCTA. Polyps that were pulsating in early ICGA were difficult to be visualized on OCTA, which is the most possible reason for the non-visualization. Coverage with thick subretinal hemorrhage or retina vessels was another reason for the non-visualization of the polyps in active PCV on OCTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe the morphological changes in myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) on spectrum domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to find a new strategy to evaluate their activity.Methods: Characteristics of SD-OCT and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) before and after ranibizumab treatment of 52 eyes with active mCNV were analyzed. SD-OCT parameters associated with mCNV activity and the clinical significance of their sensitivity and specificity were analyzed using FFA as a standard reference. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) elevation was noted as highly correlated to the mCNV activity.Results: Intraobserver agreement was substantial for all OCT parameters. However, interobserver agreement was low for intraretinal fluid (IRF). To evaluate the CNV activity, sensitivity of presence of subretinal fluid (SRF) and interruption of ellipsoid zone (EZ) was 23.9 and 82.1%, and specificity was 97.5 and 19.8%. External limiting membrane (ELM) interruption showed high sensitivity (97.0%) but low specificity (55.6%) due to the development of RPE elevation. A novel two-step procedure using ELM interruption and RPE elevation was developed to evaluate mCNV activity with sensitivity 92.5% and specificity 95.1%, respectively. Final agreement was as high as 93.9%, with a kappa value of 0.877 (P < 0.001).Conclusions: A novel two-step diagnostic procedure combining ELM interruption with RPE elevation is considered a valuable guide for diagnosis and monitoring of mCNV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exchange rate fluctuations continue to intensify because of global economic integration. Research on the characteristics of exchange rate volatility is particularly urgent and important. In this paper, the fractal theory is introduced. The function box counting method and the qth-order moment structure partition function method are applied to test the multi-fractal features of USD/CNY exchange rate. On this basis, the multi-fractal spectrum analysis is carried out. It is found that USD/CNY exchange rate has multi-fractal characteristics and there is a strong connection between the standard deviation of the scale index and volatility of USD/CNY exchange rate. By adjusting the standard deviation of scaling exponents, we construct the multi-fractal volatility index and build a dynamic model for testing and forecasting the volatility of USD/CNY exchange rate based on fractal theory. The model lnS¯α-ARMA(1,1) for measuring and forecasting volatility proposed in our paper is demonstrated to be a good fit to the exchange rate data, which provides sound methodological reference for exchange rate volatility measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the most aggressive human malignancies, pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and only about 4 % of patients will live 5 years after diagnosis. Eighty to approximately eighty-five percent of patients are diagnosed with an unresectable or metastatic disease, which is correlated with poor prognosis and low survival rate. Therefore, it is tremendously significant to exploit novel chemicals to prevent and treat pancreatic cancer. Previous research and clinical studies have demonstrated that many natural products derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) such as camptothecin derivatives and vinca alkaloids could be effective antitumor compounds, hinting that TCM is a promising source for developing new antitumor drugs. In this report, we investigated the effects of bufalin, a primary active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine Chan-Su, on pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 and CFPAC-1 and studied the underlying molecular mechanism. We found that exposure to bufalin could suppress the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells time and dose dependently. We used flow cytometry to study the effects of bufalin on apoptosis and cell cycle distribution in PANC-1 and CFPAC-1 cells. The results indicated that bufalin could significantly induce both apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest in pancreatic cancer cells. With western blotting, we found that the expression level of an antiapoptotic protein heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) and its partner molecule p-Akt was decreased upon the treatment with bufalin. Besides, bufalin activated pro-caspase-3 and pro-caspase-9 and modulated the expression level of Bcl-2 and Bax. These data suggested that bufalin may trigger apoptosis by targeting Hsp27, which could inhibit apoptosis by interfering with key apoptotic proteins. The influence on the level of cylinB1, CDK1, and p21 was also observed after bufalin treatment, and the relationship between Hsp27 and the cell cycle-related proteins mentioned above deserves much more research. In addition, our data showed that bufalin could enhance the growth inhibition effect of gemcitabine in above pancreatic cancer cells. Taken together, bufalin might be worthy of further study for its potential as a therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CCL19/chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) has been found to be associated with tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Our previous study demonstrated that CCR7 overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and had close relationship with tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis. However, the molecular mechanism of CCR7 promoting invasion of human NSCLC cells is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells treated with recombinant human CCL19 could obviously upregulate the expression of Sp1 and heparanase at both the mRNA and protein levels. After blockage of CCR7, Sp1 and heparanase expressions were inhibited. Following inhibition of Sp1, heparanase expression was downregulated. The analysis showed the promoter region of heparanase gene containing a number of potential sp1 binding sites (5′-GGGGC-3′). Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that Sp1 could bind to the heparanase promoter. Cell invasion assays showed that the invasion ability of A549 cells was increased with CCL19 incubation compared to the control cells. These results suggested that CCL19/CCR7 may upregulate the expression of heparanase via Sp1 and contribute to the invasion of A549 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium carbonate (CaCO) nanocrystals with controllable polymorph and morphology have been successfully synthesized with the aid of an effective control agent, a halogen-free, low-cost ionic liquid surfactant, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dodecylsulfate ([Cmim][CSO]) in a supersaturated aqueous solution. For the first time, facile preparation of pure lens-like vaterite, sheet-like calcite, and peanut-like aragonite was all achieved in the [Cmim][CSO] aqueous solution through changing the concentration, temperature, and initial pH value and adding magnesium ions. Washed by water and ethanol, all the aggregates were free of [Cmim][CSO] and can be stable at least 1 month in air. The crystal form of the aggregates changed from pure calcite to pure vaterite at room temperature only through increasing [Cmim][CSO] concentration. Formation of the ordered CaCO structures is mainly ascribed to the aggregation of the primary nanoparticles whose formation mechanism is related to the change of supersaturation. This study can provide a facile and environment-friendly method to fabricate CaCO crystal aggregates with various morphologies and polymorphs and can be used for large-scale industrial production and biomimetic synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Pd/C electrode modified by HPMoO was prepared and its catalytic performance for HO electroreduction in acidic medium was investigated by cyclic voltammograms. Pd nanoparticles supported on Vulcan XC-72 carbon were prepared by chemical reduction of PdCl in aqueous solution using NaBH as the reducing agent. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the particle size of Pd is around 9.7 nm. The modified electrode was prepared by cyclic voltammograms in HSO solution containing HPMoO. The results showed that HPMoO can efficiently enhance the electrocatalytic activity for HO electroreduction on Pd/C. The effect of HPMoO content on the electrocatalytic activity of the catalyst was also investigated by CV. The best results appeared at the concentration of HPMoO = 0.5 mmol L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To include the two key parameters of circulating air volume and instantaneous ultraviolet illuminance, as well as the minor influencing factors such as temperature, humidity, comings and goings of personnel and other parameters into the scope of conventional monitoring, and monitor and alarm each parameter, the key problem is to design the data transmission of sensors of existing products and debug the network management system, and solve every problem in the research process through the cycle of experiment-trial-experiment. The specific functions of a single instrument and system software can be achieved by solving the key links such as type selection of various sensors, circuit interface, guarantee measures for measurement accuracy of various parameters, research and development of networked air disinfection management system software, design of WiFi interface, cost control of single machine and system and so on. And ultraviolet luminance sensors can be used to monitor the ultraviolet intensity in the machine in real time, and monitor 7 parameters, including circulating air volume, ozone concentration, comings and goings of personnel, temperature, humidity and leaked ultraviolet intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enterovirus A71 (EVA71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) are regarded as the two major causative pathogens in hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics. However, CVA6, previously largely ignored, became the predominant pathogen in China in 2013. In this study, we describe the epidemiological trendsofCVA6 during the annual HFMD outbreaks from 2008 to 2013 in Guangdong, China. The study results show that CVA6 has been one of three major causative agents of HFMD epidemics since 2009. The periodic rotation and dominance of the three pathogens, EVA71, CVA16 and CVA6, may have contributed to the continuously increasing HFMD epidemics. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene shows that major circulating CVA6 strains collected from 2009 to 2013 are distinct from the earlier strains collected before 2009. In conclusion, the discovery from this research investigating epidemiological trends of CVA6 from 2008 to 2013 explains the possible pattern of the continuous HFMD epidemic in China. The etiological change pattern also highlights the need for improvement for pathogen surveillance and vaccine strategies for HFMD control in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]