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Background: An organ-preserving strategy may be a valid alternative in the treatment of selected patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant radiotherapy. Preoperative assessment of the risk for tumor recurrence is a key component of surgical planning. The aim of the present study was to increase the current knowledge on the risk factors for tumor recurrence. Methods: The present study included individual participant data of published studies on rectal cancer surgery. The literature was reviewed according to according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Individual Participant Data checklist (PRISMA-IPD) guidelines. Series of patients, whose data were collected prospectively, having neoadjuvant radiotherapy followed by transanal local excision for rectal cancer were reviewed. Three independent series of univariate/multivariate binary logistic regression models were estimated for the risk of local, systemic and overall recurrence, respectively. Results: We identified 15 studies, and 7 centers provided individual data on 517 patients. The multivariate analysis showed higher local and overall recurrences for ypT3 stage (OR 4.79; 95% CI 2.25–10.16 and OR 6.43 95% CI 3.33–12.42), tumor size after radiotherapy > 10 mm (OR 5.86 95% CI 2.33–14.74 and OR 3.14 95% CI 1.68–5.87), and lack of combined chemotherapy (OR 3.68 95% CI 1.78–7.62 and OR 2.09 95% CI 1.10–3.97), while ypT3 was the only factor correlated with systemic recurrence (OR 5.93). The analysis of survival curves shows that the overall survival is associated with ypT and not with cT. Conclusions: Local excision should be offered with caution after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy to selected patients with rectal cancers, who achieved a good response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Routine drainage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is still debatable. The present study was designed to assess the role of drains in laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed for nonacutely inflamed gallbladder.Methods: After laparoscopic gallbladder removal, 53 patients were randomized to have a suction drain positioned in the subhepatic space and 53 patients to have a sham drain. The primary outcome measure was the presence of subhepatic fluid collection at abdominal ultrasonography, performed 24 h after surgery. Secondary outcome measures were postoperative abdominal and shoulder tip pain, use of analgesics, nausea, vomiting, and morbidity.Results: Subhepatic fluid collection was not found in 45 patients (84.9 %) in group A and in 46 patients (86.8 %) in group B (difference 1.9 (95 % confidence interval -11.37 to 15.17; P = 0.998). No significant difference in visual analogue scale scores with respect to abdominal and shoulder pain, use of parenteral ketorolac, nausea, and vomiting were found in either group. Two (1.9 %) significant hemorrhagic events occurred postoperatively. Wound infection was observed in three patients (5.7 %) in group A and two patients (3.8 %) in group B (difference 1.9 (95 % CI -6.19 to 9.99; P = 0.997).Conclusions: The present study was unable to prove that the drain was useful in elective, uncomplicated LC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

About one-third of patients with colorectal carcinoma present with acute colonic obstruction requiring emergency surgery. Current surgical options are intraoperative lavage and resection of the colonic segment involved with primary anastomosis, subtotal colectomy with primary anastomosis, colostomy followed by resection, and resection of the colonic segment involved with end colostomy (Hartmann’s procedure) requiring a second operation to reconstruct the colon. These procedures present risks and a poor quality of life. Endoscopic colonic stent insertion can effectively decompress the obstructed colon, allowing bowel preparation and elective resection. The authors present their experience managing 31 patients with obstructing colorectal cancer who underwent endoscopic colonic decompression with self-expanding metallic stents. A total of 16 patients were treated with open resection, and 6 underwent a laparoscopic resection. The remaining 9 patients were managed with endoscopic palliation and adjuvant therapy. Of the 31 patients, 17 were treated with postoperative chemotherapy. The mean interval between stenting and surgery was 11 days (range, 1–21 days). There was no intraoperative morbidity. The incidence of postoperative morbidity was 20% for open surgery and 0% for laparoscopic surgery. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 13 days for the open surgery group, and 7 days for the laparoscopic group ( p = 0.003). The hospital mortality rate was 3.2%. Follow-up evaluation was completed for 96% of the patients. The minimum follow-up period was 15 months. All the patients in the palliative group died of disease, with a median survival of 3 months. Of the 22 surgically treated patients, 17 (77%) are alive at this writing. This initial experience shows that after successful endoscopic stenting of malignant colorectal obstruction, elective surgical resection can be performed safely. The presence of the endoluminal stent does not prevent a laparoscopic approach. The combined endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures are a less invasive alternative to the multistage open operations and offer a faster recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term risk of local and distant recurrence as well as the survival of patients with early rectal cancer treated using transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM).Methods: The study reviewed 69 patients with Tis/T1/T2 rectal cancer treated using full-thickness excision between 1991 and 1999. The pathology T-stages included 25 Tis, 23 T1, and 21 T2. The median follow-up period was 6.5 years (range 5-10.2 years).Results: The overall local recurrence rate was 8.7%. The 5-year local recurrence rate was 8% for Tis, 8.6% for T1, and 9.5% for T2. All six patients with recurrence were managed surgically. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 100% for Tis, 100% for T1, and 70% for T2. The overall cancer-related mortality rate was 7.2%.Conclusions: After local excision of early rectal cancer, a substantial local recurrence rate is observed. Patients with recurrent Tis/T1 cancers who undergo a salvage operation may achieve good long-term outcome. Local treatment without adjuvant therapy for T2 rectal cancers appears inadequate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Since its first description in the early 1990s, minimally invasive Heller myotomy has become the treatment of choice for esophageal achalasia. We report the experience of a single unit with thoracoscopic Heller myotomy (THM) and laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) and we analyze the short- and long-term surgical outcomes in patients treated by each of the two approaches. METHODS: We evaluated retrospectively 33 patients who underwent surgical treatment for achalasia. Sixteen patients underwent THM without an antireflux procedure, and 17 patients underwent LHM and partial anterior fundoplication (n = 10) or closure of the angle of His (n = 7). RESULTS: Mean operative time was significantly shorter for LHM than for THM (150 vs 222 min, respectively) (p = 0.0001). Mean hospital stay was significantly shorter after LHM than after THM (2.0 ± 1.0 vs 5.1 ± 2.2 days, respectively) (p = 0.0001). Six of 16 patients (37.5%) in the THM group experienced persistent or recurrent dysphagia compared to one of 17 patients (5.8%) in the LHM group (p = 0.04). Heartburn developed in five patients (31.2%) after THM and in one patient (5.8%) after LHM (p = 0.07). Regurgitation developed in four patients (25%) after THM and in one patient (5.8%) after LHM (p = 0.149). Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) basal pressure decreased significantly from 30.1 ± 5.07 to 15.3 ± 2.1 after THM and from 32.1 ± 5.9 to 10.5 ± 1.7 after LHM (p = 0.0001). Mean esophageal diameter was significantly reduced after LHM compared to THM (from 54.5 ± 5.7 mm to 27.1 ± 3.3 mm vs 50.8 ± 7.6 mm to 37.2 ± 6.9 mm, respectively) (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In our experience, LHM is associated with a shorter operative time and a shorter hospital stay, and it is superior to THM in relieving dysphagia. LHM with partial anterior fundoplication should be considered the treatment of choice for achalasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]