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Background: Forensic anthropological examinations help in identification of unidentified human remains. This study aims to establish population-specific standards for age estimation from the sternal ends of left fourth ribs in the Nepalese population. A quantitative, observational study was conducted on 387 Nepalese deceased (106 females, 281 males) between November 2021 and March 2023. Left fourth ribs were collected, macerated and examined for the study. The variables examined included pit depth, pit shape, rim and wall configurations and rib phase. Results: Pit depth significantly predicted age, β = 0.642, t(385) = 16.42, p < 0.001. Pit depth also explained a significant proportion of variance in age, R2 = 0.41, F(1, 385) = 269.54, p < 0.001. The age estimates from pit depth stage were 7–36 (stage 0), 7–49 (stage 1), 16–51 (stage 2), 10–58 (stage 3), 22–70 (stage 4) and 32–81 (stage 5). Age estimates for pit shape were 17–20 (stage 0), 13–48 (stage 2), 15–55 (stage 3), 24–68 (stage 4) and 39–82 (stage 5). Age estimates for rim and wall configurations were 17–20 (stage 0), 13–47 (stage 2), 17–53 (stage 3), 24–68 (stage 4) and 40–82 (stage 5). Similarly, age estimates for rib phase were 17–20 (phase 0), 18–20 (phase 1), 13–46 (phase 2), 18–50 (phase 3), 23–60 (phase 4), 32–71 (phase 5), 50–76 (phase 6), 44–81 (phase 7) and 62–85 (phase 8). The study also examined the use of transitional analysis to develop posterior probability distributions for estimation of age using rib phases. Conclusion: This study found significant differences in the age estimates from previous studies and shows the importance of developing population-specific models for use in forensic anthropology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: For over a century, anthropometric techniques, widely used by anthropologists and adopted by medical scientists, have been utilized for predicting stature and sex. This study, conducted on a Eastern Turkish sample, aims to predict sex and stature using foot measurements through linear methods and Artificial Neural Networks. Our research was conducted on 134 medical students, comprising 69 males and 65 females. Stature and weight were measured in a standard anatomical position in the Frankfurt Horizontal Plane with a stadiometer of 0.1 cm precision. Measurements of both feet's height, length, and breadth were taken using a Vernier caliper, osteometric board, and height scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26.00. Results: It was observed that all foot dimensions in males were significantly larger than in females. Sex prediction using linear methods yielded an accuracy of 94.8%, with a stature estimation error of 4.15 cm. When employing Artificial Neural Networks, sex prediction accuracy increased to 97.8%, and the error in stature estimation was reduced to 4.07 cm. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that Artificial Neural Networks can work more effectively with such data. Using Artificial Neural Networks, the accuracy of sex prediction for both feet exceeded 95%. Additionally, the error in stature estimation was reduced compared to the formulas obtained through linear methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide and in South African Stone Age contexts, much research has been done on the relationship between stature of past populations and general well-being, as well as trends and patterns in stature through time. This research is aimed at collating and assessing all available stature and long bone data for Bantu-speaker individuals living in the South African Iron Age. Data for only 25 female and 32 male individuals, dating from circa AD 550 to AD 1823, could be found. In general, methods used to reconstruct stature were inconsistent and data were poorly reported. From the available data, no clear trends or patterns in stature through time could be observed and stature seems to be on a par relative to those of early twentieth century individuals. Recommendations are made as to which methods to use in stature estimations in this context. The data provided in this research can serve as reference material for future similar studies and can assist in interpreting individual stature estimations from bioarcheological research in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stature estimation is one of the most basic and important methods of personal identification. The long bones of the limbs provide the most accurate stature estimation, with the femur being one of the most useful. In all the previously reported methods of stature estimation using computed tomography (CT) images of the femur, laborious manual measurement was necessary. A semi-automatic bone measuring method can simplify this process, so we firstly reported a stature estimation process using semi-automatic bone measurement software equipped with artificial intelligence. Multiple measurements of femurs of adult Japanese cadavers were performed using automatic three-dimensional reconstructed CT images of femurs. After manually setting four points on the femur, an automatic measurement was acquired. The relationships between stature and five femoral measurements, with acceptable intraobserver and interobserver errors, were analyzed with single regression analysis using the standard error of the estimate (SEE) and the coefficient of determination (R2). The maximum length of the femur (MLF) provided the lowest SEE and the highest R2; the SEE and R2 in all cadavers, males and females, respectively, were 3.913 cm (R2 = 0.842), 3.664 cm (R2 = 0.705), and 3.456 cm (R2 = 0.686) for MLF on the right femur, and 3.837 cm (R2 = 0.848), 3.667 cm (R2 = 0.705), and 3.384 cm (R2 = 0.699) for MLF on the left femur. These results were non-inferior to those of previous reports regarding stature estimation using the MLF. Stature estimation with this simple and time-saving method would be useful in forensic medical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study introduces new regression formulae that address several challenges of current subadult stature estimation methods by 1) using a large, contemporary, cross-sectional sample of subadult skeletal remains; 2) generating regression models using both lengths and breadths; 3) utilizing both linear and nonlinear regression models to accommodate the nonlinear shape of long bone growth; and 4) providing usable prediction intervals for estimating stature. Eighteen long bone measurements, stature, and age were collected from computed tomography images for a sample of individuals (n = 990) between birth and 20 years from the United States. The bivariate relationship between long bone measurements and stature was modeled using linear and nonlinear methods on an 80% training sample and evaluated on a 20% testing sample. Equations were generated using pooled-sex samples. Goodness of fit was evaluated using Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests and mean absolute deviation (MAD). Accuracy and precision were quantified using percent testing accuracy and Bland–Altman plots. In total, 38 stature estimation equations were created and evaluated, all achieving testing accuracies greater than 90%. Nonlinear models generated better fits compared to linear counterparts and generally produced smaller MAD (3.65 – 15.90cm). Length models generally performed better than breadth models, and a mixture of linear and nonlinear methods resulted in highest testing accuracies. Model performance was not biased by sex, age, or measurement type. A freely available, online graphical user interface is provided for immediate use of the models by practitioners in forensic anthropology and will be expanded to include bioarchaeological contexts in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Virtual anthropology in estimating stature through multislice computed tomography scanning is important for forensic cases and mass disasters. Regression formulae generated directly from other post-cranial skeleton parts can be applied for estimating stature. Literatures have revealed that scoring of pelvic shape in both sexes is significantly correlated with stature. Hereafter, this study aims to correlate the pelvic and sacral morphometric with stature based on sex and ancestry among the Malaysian population from the selected samples of 373 CT images at Kuala Lumpur Hospital. The three-dimensional pelvic girdles were first segmented from CT images through Mimics Research 17.0 software. Inter-landmark distances were measured with Microsoft 3D Builder and their respective indexes were computed. Results: This study showed that the auricular lengths, ilium dimension and acetabulum were the most useful stature estimator at R > 0.5. The combination of pelvic parameters, sacral parameters and indexes had contributed to a higher R2 value of the regression models. Conclusions: Pelvic morphometric was generally a better stature estimator compared to sacral morphometric. The population-specific formula produced from this study should only be realistic within the Malaysian population. This helps to enhance the existing references for stature estimation especially when incomplete human remains are discovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The estimation of the stature of human beings is a major part of medicolegal investigation when only body parts are found. The study aimed to estimate the stature from different handprint measurements in a Bangladeshi population using statistical considerations. A sample of 200 young Bangladeshi adults (100 men and 100 women) with no physical disabilities participated in this study. Stature and seven anthropometric measurements were measured using standard anthropometric measurements. The bilateral asymmetry was tested using the independent t test. The Pearson's correlation coefficient (R) between the stature and different handprint measurements was calculated. Consequently, the simple and multiple linear regression models were developed to estimate the stature from the handprint measurements. Results: The bilateral asymmetry was statistically not significant (p > 0.05) in right and left handprints. Sex difference significantly (p < 0.05) influences the relationship between stature and handprint measurements. A positive and strong coefficient of correlation (R) value presents between stature and the handprint measurements. The right 2nd digit length in men (R = + 0.709, R2 = 0.502, SEE = ± 44.141 mm) and the right handprint length in women (R = + 0.552, R2 = 0.305, SEE = ± 49.074 mm) were the most reliable estimator of stature. However, when data were combined for both sexes, the right handprint length was identified as the most reliable estimator of stature with higher values of R (+ 0.777) and R2 (0.603), and a lower value of SEE (± 55.520). Multiple regression equation showed greater reliability than linear regression equations in stature estimation from handprint measurements in Bangladeshi population. Conclusions: It was concluded that the estimation of stature from handprint measurements is possible and reliable. The findings of this study are very useful from the forensic and medicolegal point of view and can use to estimate the stature in Bangladeshi population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In forensic anthropology, generic equations are generally preferred for estimation of stature. However, recent studies have demonstrated that regression equations specific to stature groups yield more accurate predictions. Almost all previous studies have been conducted on male subjects, and it is not currently known how well such equations work for females. Therefore, this study aims to test whether regression equations specific to stature groups work for females as well. To this end, a cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate stature on a sample of 351 Spanish adult females. The participants were randomized into a calibration group (n = 185) and a validation group (n = 166). Equations for stature estimation based on tibial length were developed in the calibration group, which was categorized according to stature (short, medium, and tall) using the 15th and 85th percentiles as cut-off points. The standard errors of the estimations (SEEs) for the group-specific regression equations (SEE = 2.35–2.66 cm) were lower than for the general formula derived for all participants of the calibration group (SEE = 3.46 cm). The specific equations resulted in smaller differences between estimated and recorded statures than the generic equation when we tested the equations with the validation group. Additionally, the SEE values of the stature-specific equations are lower compared to generic equations applied to other human populations. In conclusion, the group-specific equations from tibial length have high accuracy compared with previously derived equations for Spanish females and other populations. This procedure for estimating stature thereby improves the tools available to forensic scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The evolution of virtual technology in estimating stature through multi-slice computed tomography scanning can be essential for mass disasters and forensic cases. Regression formulae were generated directly from other skeleton parts such as cranium, sternum, vertebrae, clavicle, scapula, sacrum, pelvis, hand and foot bones to estimate stature. Previous studies have shown that pelvic shape score is significantly associated and correlated with stature for both sexes. The sacrum as part of the pelvis is located between the two os coxae via a sacroiliac joint. As such, this study aims to correlate the morphological measurement of sacrum with stature based on sex and ancestry among the Malaysian population from a total of 373 sacral computed tomography (CT) images collected at the Kuala Lumpur Hospital. The three-dimensional sacrum bones were segmented from CT images using the Mimics Research 17.0 software. Inter-landmark distances were measured using Microsoft 3D Builder, and their respective indices were computed. Results: The auricular lengths are the most comparatively useful stature estimator at R > 0.5 among all the sacral morphometrics that were investigated on in this study. Results from this study should only be applied within the Malaysian population (Malay, Chinese and Indian). Conclusion: The results could enhance the existing database of stature estimation, especially when dealing with skeletal material from Malaysia and when long bones are unavailable for the identification of incomplete unknown human remains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Estimating human stature is a major concern to formulate a biological profile which provides effective data for forensic identification. This research was aimed to generate a formula for estimating stature from human foot anthropometry. Methods: This study was conducted in selected 150 male and 150 female subjects within the range of 18 to 60 years randomly. From each subject, stature and seven-foot measurements were taken by applying the standard technique. Stature was estimated from foot measurements by using linear and multiple regression equations. Results: The result showed that each foot measurement was significantly (p < 0.001) and positively correlated with stature. Bilateral difference among male and female was not significant (p < 0.05). Multiple regression models showed better accuracy in estimating stature than linear regression models. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be said that human stature can be successfully estimated by using foot measurements which can be applied in forensic investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to reproduce the anthropometrical measurement of femoral dimensions using multi-planar reconstruction computed tomography (CT), assess the correlation between stature and femoral measurements obtained by this approach, and establish a regression equation for estimating stature in the modern Japanese population. We used data regarding 224 cadavers (116 males, 108 females) that were subjected to postmortem CT and subsequent forensic autopsy at our department between October 2009 and July 2016. To simulate the placement of the femur on the osteometric board using reconstructed CT images, we defined a virtual horizontal plane (VHP) based on the three most dorsal points of the femur (lateral condyle, medial condyle, and greater trochanter). Five femoral measurements including the maximum femoral length (MFL) were obtained. The correlations between stature and each femoral measurement were expressed in terms of the coefficient of determination (R2). On regression analysis, MFL provided the lowest value for the standard error of the estimation (SEE); the SEE values in all subjects, males, and females, respectively, were 3.783 cm (R2 = 0.832), 3.850 cm (R2 = 0.653), and 3.340 cm (R2 = 0.760) for MFL on the left side and 3.747 cm (R2 = 0.835), 3.847 cm (R2 = 0.650), and 3.290 cm (R2 = 0.687) for MFL on the right side. Multiple regression equations using MFL and femoral epicondylar breadth were slightly superior to simple regression equations in males and in all subjects (SEE = 3.44-3.55 cm), whereas no effective equation could be obtained in females. To our knowledge, this is the first multiple regression equation for stature estimation using only femoral measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In medico-legal cases, most often the personal identity of the deceased is a mystery. The stature, sex and other parameters in such scenarios are ascertained using the physical evidence present at the crime scene. One of the key methods of ascertaining the sex and stature is by using the human bones. The method of achieving accuracy in estimation of stature from bones has been well established in past. There are several regression formulae for conducting such estimation. However, it must be kept in mind that these regression equations can vary depending upon the population and region. Thus, it is very necessary to study a particular population thoroughly before formulating regression equations for that specific population patch. In this paper, we have penned down the study of KORI POPULATION, who are native to Kanpur region of Uttar Pradesh state, in India. In this study, we have observed the statistics of 202 individuals (106 females and 96 males). In totality, eight bone dimensions including stature, total arm length, length of the middle finger, knee length, foot length, foot breadth, maximum head length and maximum head breadth have been recorded in this research paper. The regression formulae for females and males have been derived separately. Further, there are various parameters that have been compared to find which parameter provides the best results in terms of accuracy in stature estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Stature estimation from decomposing bodies and incomplete skeletons particularly in personal identification is considered as one of the biggest aspects of forensic science. This issue has gained importance in recent times due to mass disasters like terrorist attacks, mass murders, transport accidents, floods and earthquakes. Thus, the present study was undertaken to set up a standard formulae to estimate stature from hand dimensions in the Bengalee population. Measurements of different hand dimensions and statures were taken from 1662 adult Bengalee women aged from 20 to 40 years following the standard technique and appropriate landmarks. There was no statistically significant bilateral variation of the measurements. The correlation coefficients between stature and all variables were positive and statistically significant ( p < 0.001). The hand length and palm length showed a better correlation with stature than the other variables. Simple linear regression equations and multiple linear regression equation were formulated for stature estimation using the hand dimensions. The derived equations were applied to the control group and it was noted that the percentage difference between true stature of the control and the estimated stature ranged from 0.01% to 0.15%. The multiple linear regression equation was more reliable than the simple linear regression equations as a lower standard error of estimate and higher value of determination coefficient and multiple correlation coefficient. From the results of the present study, it may be concluded that hand dimensions can be successfully used for estimating stature of adult Bengalee women in forensic practice by enforcement agencies and forensic scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computed tomography (CT) data provide information for volumetric and radiographic density analysis. The present study investigated the application of virtual CT volumetry of the tarsal bones to estimation of the sex, stature, and body weight using postmortem CT (PMCT) data of forensic autopsy cases. Three-dimensional (3D) images of the bilateral foot bones of intact Japanese subjects after adolescence (age ≥15 years, n = 179, 100 males and 79 females) were reconstructed on an automated CT image analyzer system. Measured parameters were mass volume, mean CT value (HU), and total CT value of the talus and calcaneus. Mean CT values of these bones showed age-dependent decreases in elderly subjects over 60 years of age for both sexes, with significant sex-related differences especially in the elderly. The mass volumes and total CT values of the talus and calcaneus showed significant sex-related differences, and also moderate correlations with body height and weight for bilateral bones in all cases ( r = 0.58-0.78, p < 0.0001); however, the correlations of these parameters of the female talus with body weight were insufficient ( r = 0.41-0.61, p < 0.0001). These observations indicate the applicability of virtual CT morphometry of the talus and calcaneus using an automated analyzer to estimate the sex and stature in forensic identification; however, greater variations should be considered in body weight estimations of females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of computed tomography (CT) is useful for the documentation of whole-body anatomical data on routine autopsy, virtual reconstruction of skeletal structure, objective measurements, and reassessment by repetitive analyses. In addition, CT data processing facilitates volumetric and radiographic density analyses. Furthermore, a recently developed automated analysis system markedly improved the performance and accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. The present study investigated virtual CT morphometry of lower limb long bones, including the femur, tibia, fibula, and first metatarsus, to estimate the sex and stature using postmortem CT data of forensic autopsy cases of Japanese over 19 years of age (total n = 259, 150 males and 109 females). Bone mass volumes, lengths, and total CT attenuation values of bilateral femurs, tibias, and fibulas correlated with the stature; however, the mean CT attenuation (HU) values showed age-dependent decreases. Correlations with the stature were similar for the lengths and mass volumes of the femur, tibia, and fibula ( r = 0.77-0.85) but were higher for the mass volume of the first metatarsus ( r = 0.77 for right and r = 0.58 for left). In addition, the ratio of the bone volume to the length of each bone showed the most significant sex-related differences (males > females with accuracy of 75.8-98.1 %). These findings indicate the usefulness of virtual CT morphometry of individual lower limb long bones, including volumetry, to estimate the sex and stature in identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of stature estimation by measuring the pelvic bones of Japanese cadavers using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT). We assessed 3D reconstructed images of 210 Japanese subjects (108 males, 102 females) who had undergone postmortem CT between May 2011 and November 2013. We defined the linear distance from the anterosuperior margin of the left and right anterior superior iliac spines (ASIS) to the posterior margin of the left and right ischial spines as the LSS and RSS, respectively. We also defined the linear distance from the anterosuperior margin of the left and right ASIS to the anteroinferior margin of the left and right ischial tuberosities as the LST and RST, respectively. The correlation between the cadaver stature (CS) and each parameter (LSS, LST, RSS, and RST) was evaluated using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients and regression analysis was performed for stature estimation. All four parameters correlated significantly with stature independent of sex, suggesting that they can be used as a tool for stature estimation. The LST had the closest correlation with stature in both sexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to derive regression equations for estimating stature and further to estimate sex from four measured sternal lengths. This study included intact sterna from 65 males and 30 females, aged between 25 and 40 years, obtained during medico-legal autopsies. Stature and four sternal lengths, length of the manubrium (LM), length of the body (LB), length of the manubrium and body (LMB) and total sternal length, of each cadaver were measured. Stature and all measured sternal lengths were greater in males compared to females (p < 0.001). All sternal lengths were positively correlated with stature in sexes. LMB had the highest correlation coefficient in both males and females (correlation coefficient: 0.721 and 0.740, respectively). In both sexes, linear regression analysis for stature estimation revealed equations with the highest R values when derived from LMB ( R = 0.521 for males and R = 0.547 for females). On the other hand, only the multiple linear regression equation derived from the combination of the LB and LMB had the higher R value ( R = 0.640) for stature estimation in females. Receiver-operating curve analysis for all measurements was statistically significant ( p < 0.05 for all). These findings suggested that measured sternal lengths can be used for estimation of sex. However, LB and LMB measurements were found to be the most reliable sternal lengths for estimating sex with an accuracy rate of 90 %. Our results revealed that the sternum is a useful tool for estimating stature and sex when other skeletal bones are not available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the correlation between stature and scapular measurements in a Japanese population, using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomographic (CT) images, and derived regression equations for predicting stature. A total of 194 cadavers (100 males 94 females) underwent postmortem CT (PMCT) and subsequent forensic autopsy in our department between May 2011 and April 2014. Left and right longitudinal scapular lengths (LLSL and RLSL, respectively) and left and right transverse scapular lengths (LTSL and RTSL, respectively) were measured on 3D CT reconstructed images that extracted only scapular data. The correlation between stature and each of the scapular measurements were analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients. The four variables correlated significantly with stature, regardless of sex. The LLSL measurement had the lowest standard error of estimation value among all subjects (4.22 cm) and among all females (4.37 cm), whereas the RLSL measurement had the lowest standard error of estimation value among all males (3.75 cm). The results of this study indicate that scapular measurements may be useful for the forensic estimation of the stature of Japanese individuals, particularly in cases where better predictors, such as long bone lengths, are unavailable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to estimate stature from various parts of the body is essential in medicolegal investigations, particularly in cases in which human remains have been dismembered or mutilated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to generate linear regression models for predicting stature on the basis of sternum length in contemporary Spaniards. Sternal length, or the combined length of the manubrium and mesosternum, was recorded from digital radiographs of the chest plate for 65 males and 52 females. Correlation coefficients for the regression models were r = 0.391 and r = 0.461 for the male and female formulae, respectively. The standard errors of the estimate were 6.20 cm for the male equation and 5.56 cm for the female equation. Given these relatively large standard error rates, the derived stature estimation models should only be used when other more accurate skeletal elements, such as intact long bones, are unavailable for analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Stature estimation is of particular interest to forensic scientists for its importance in human identification. Footprint is one piece of valuable physical evidence encountered at crime scenes and its identification can facilitate narrowing down the suspects and establishing the identity of the criminals. Analysis of footprints helps in estimation of an individual’s stature because of the existence of the strong correlation between footprint and height. Foot impressions are still found at crime scenes, since offenders often tend to remove their footwear either to avoid noise or to gain a better grip in climbing walls, etc., while entering or exiting. In Asian countries like India, there are people who still have the habit of walking barefoot. The present study aims to estimate the stature in a sample of 2,040 bilateral footprints collected from 1,020 healthy adult male Indian Tamils, an ethnic group in Tamilnadu State, India, who consented to participate in the study and who range in age from 19 to 42years old; this study will help to generate population-specific equations using a simple linear regression statistical method. All footprint lengths exhibit a statistically positive significant correlation with stature (p-value<0.01) and the correlation coefficient (r) ranges from 0.546 to 0.578. The accuracy of the regression equations was verified by comparing the estimated stature with the actual stature. Regression equations derived in this research can be used to estimate stature from the complete or even partial footprints among Indian Tamils. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Identification of an individual is the mainstay in forensic investigation. Estimation of stature plays a significant role in establishing personal identity. A sample of 157 Egyptian subjects {82 males and 75 females} ranging from 21 to 40years was taken. Their statures were determined. Then, multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) was done for their left hands to measure length and width of second and third metacarpal bones. Statistical analysis revealed that sex differences were found to be significant for all parameters (P ⩽0.05) by Student’s t-test. Pearson’s correlation was found to be statistically significant between stature and all variables for females and between stature and second metacarpal width and third metacarpal length and width for males. Linear regression equations were calculated with a standard error of estimate (SEE) ranging from ±4.53cm to ±4.71cm for males and from ±5.45cm to ±5.87cm for females. Multiple (stepwise) regression equations were also calculated resulting into one model for males and two models for females with the SEE ±4.5cm for males and ±5.22cm and 5.45cm for females. Consequently, it was concluded that stature can be determined successfully using second and third metacarpals’ dimensions among Egyptians. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Estimation of stature from handprints/palmprints recovered at the crime scene may help in the identification of the criminal/perpetrator. The present communication is an advisory on the recently published studies regarding stature estimation from different dimensions of handprints in various populations. We emphasize that at the crime scenes, the prints of the hands are usually found in a way that the fingers are apart from each other that may or may not be fully stretched or in any other working position of the hand; and rarely similar to the position described in studies as a non-stretched normal position with all the fingers joined with one another except for the thumb. The communication further stresses on the need for further studies on hand prints describing various positional variations pertaining to the practical forensic situations especially when the prints are taken in stretched/flexed/extended positions of the hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The height of an individual in the upright posture is referred to as stature. The evaluation of the stature of an individual is an essential step in identification. Estimation of stature is commonly performed using the long bones as they positively correlate with the stature. The correlation between the dimensions of the skull, jaw and stature of an individual has been reported among specific populations. To date, only a few studies have correlated odontometric parameters with stature among populations. Teeth and oral structures can be used to estimate the stature of an individual. The objective of our study was to determine and establish a relationship to estimate the stature of individuals among three different Asian ethnicities using four odontometric parameters as a forensic tool. The Asian ethnicities chosen in our study were Malay, Indian and Chinese. The five parameters were the height of an individual, intercanine width, interpremolar width, arc length and mesiodistal dimension of the six anterior teeth. The height was measured with the individual standing upright and barefooted. The mesiodistal width of the anterior teeth was measured at the contact points; the intercanine and interpremolar widths were measured at the cusp tips from the left to the right quadrant; the arc length was measured at the middle one-third position of the crown from the right to the left canine. Results: The results showed that out of the four odontometric parameters, only the arc length was significantly associated with the height of the individuals among the ethnicities chosen. Conclusion: Thus, of the four selected parameters, the arc length may be helpful in the estimation of stature among the selected Asian ethnicities. Dimensions of the teeth can be used as an adjunct to other aids in estimating the stature of an individual and hence is a vital forensic tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Stature estimation is an initial and essential component of any medico-legal investigations. However, it becomes more challenging when only skull remains are available. So, the goal of this study is to assess stature estimation using cranial multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) images in a sample of the Egyptian population. Methods: This clinical study was conducted on 150 Egyptian subjects underwent cranium MDCT with age ranged from 21 to 60 years. The measurements used were maximum cranial breadth, minimum frontal breadth, upper facial breadth, bizygomatic breadth, orbital height, orbital breadth, parietal chord, bimastoidale, maximum cranial length, basion-bregma height, cranial base length, and basion-prosthion length. Results: The results revealed that stature and craniofacial measurements of males were significantly higher than those of females, all measurements were significantly positively correlated with stature in pooled cases, but the correlation coefficient differs in separate sex. Simple linear regression for stature estimation showed that the least standard error of estimate (SEE) values for the regression equations obtained when using bizygomatic breadth in pooled cases (7.9 cm) and in males only (5.7 cm), while in females using parietal chord had the least SEE (6.8 cm). Using multiple and stepwise regression analysis reported lower SEE values than simple linear regression analysis. Conclusion: On the basis of this study, it is concluded that the cranial measurements obtained from MDCT images have limited utility in stature estimation among Egyptians, but could be used as an alternative method in cases where the best predictors, such as long bones, are not available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]