Search

The first neutrinos from the proton–proton collisions at an energy of 13.6 TeV were registered in the pseudorapidity range of in the SND@LHC experiment at CERN. SND@LHC is an autonomous experiment based on a compact hybrid detector for detecting high-energy neutrinos at the Large Hadron Collider. The detector allows distinguishing the interactions of the neutrinos of all three flavors and investigating the process of the charmed particles' generation in the pseudorapidity range unexplored to other experiments at the LHC. The experiment is also aimed at studying the scattering of weakly interacting particles on the electrons and protons of the target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The PAVICOM-1 scanning device is one of the automated microscopes of the PAVICOM optical measuring complex designed at Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences for high-tech processing of experimental data obtained using solid-state track detectors in the field of nuclear physics, cosmic ray physics, and high-energy physics. A regular upgrade of the PAVICOM-1 device is presented, which makes it possible to scan photographic nuclear emulsions of the SND@LHC accelerator experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first results of testing KU-2 optical quartz glass as a detector of accelerated heavy ions are presented. The results of etching the irradiated glasses in hydrofluoric acid indicate a possibility of their use for detecting superheavy nuclei and their decay products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of modernization of the high-tech automated measuring complex PAVICOM, which provides for processing the experimental data obtained in photographic nuclear emulsion in accordance with modern world standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the development of optical precision and computer technology, the number of experiments based on visual methods for processing data from track detectors is growing. The use of neural networks to identify clusters in images obtained using new-generation scanning stations will both speed up image processing in nuclear emulsions and make the track reconstruction process an order of magnitude more efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method for visualizing the internal structure of objects (muography method) based on the analysis of the features of passages of atmospheric muons generated in cosmic ray interactions, is based on the spatial distributions of trajectories of penetrating muons recorded by detectors. The method is at the junction of elementary particle physics with many other areas of natural science, e.g., with archaeology. The article presents the results of a muographic study of two objects in the cave complex of a unique historical and archaeological monument, i.e., the Holy Dormition Pskovo-Pechersky Monastery. The experimental technique is based on nuclear emulsion detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of simulation of joint operation of detectors of two types, i.e., SciFi scintillation optical fibers and emulsion chambers, are presented. To evaluate the results of the hybrid detector operation, a model was implemented in the GEANT4 software package. The developed modeling methods can be used in preparing other experiments with hybrid detectors of similar types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the study of recording properties of KNFS-3 phosphate glass as a material for heavy ion detectors are presented. The contribution of possible background sources and radiation resistance of glass to alpha-particle fluxes are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results obtained in a test experiment on the choice of etching mode of phosphate glass detectors irradiated with accelerated heavy ions are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for determining the etching rate of phosphate glass irradiated with heavy ions is presented. The etching rates in the track area and in the undamaged material area are quantitatively estimated. The work is aimed at studying the possibility of determining the charges of synthesized superheavy ions in phosphate glass detectors at the Factory of Superheavy Elements at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of heavy ion tracks in phosphate glasses after irradiation under various temperature conditions are presented. Calibration experiments are performed to obtain the dependence of the parameters of the etched tracks on the sample heating temperature and time and on the moment of heating a sample in relation to irradiation and etching. To effectively identify the ion charges, the stability of reproducing the optimum chemical etching conditions (etching chemical solution composition, concentration, etching time) is strictly observed in processing irradiated glasses. The results obtained allow us to conclude that phosphate glasses can be effectively used to detect and identify the superheavy nuclei synthesized at the Factory of Superheavy Elements of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the results of model calculations for estimating the fragmentation effect in the registration of heavy and superheavy nuclei of galactic cosmic rays in olivine crystals from pallasite at the Marjalahti and Eagle Station. The measurement of fluxes and spectra of heavy and superheavy nuclei in cosmic rays is a sensitive method for studying the composition and possible sources of cosmic rays, the processes occurring in the sources themselves and in the interstellar medium, and forms the basis for constructing models of cosmic ray confinement in the Galaxy. The database obtained in the OLIMPIYA experiment, which includes characteristics of 21743 tracks, is the largest database for charges Z > 55 at present. The estimates of fragmentation of nuclei in pallasites, which have been obtained based on model calculations, show that the effect of this process on the resulting charge spectrum is insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new study of a historical object on the territory of the Russian Federation, the Holy Trinity Danilov Monastery, implemented by the muon radiography is presented. The method is based on the registration of changes in the cosmic muon fluxes during their passage through the object under study. Nuclear photoemulsions with unique spatial and angular resolution having the widest range of applications in experimental nuclear physics were used as experimental equipment. The experiment demonstrates a high efficiency of the method in the search for hidden objects, the presence of which on the territory of the monastery is confirmed by the results obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the modern approaches to solving research and practical problems by studying internal structure of large natural and industrial objects on the base of muon radiography (muography) is presented. Muon is an unstable particle, but due to the relativistic time dilation effect, cosmic-origin muons with energies up to hundreds of TeV travel considerable distances before decaying. 7 Muon fluxes registered by emulsion detectors (arrows) added to 3D building model. In total, five emulsion detectors were used in this experiment, four of which were directed to the walls at an angle of 45, and one was directed upwards to measure the vertical muon flux. [Extracted from the article]

The detection and identification of heavy ions in phosphate glasses is based on an analysis of geometric parameters of tracks that manifest themselves upon the etching of irradiated glasses in a special solution. The shape and size of emerging tracks depend both on the parameters of the ions being studied (charge, energy, and angle of incidence) and on the etching conditions (etchant composition and concentration and etching time). Phosphate glass belongs to the class of solid-state tracking detectors whose principle of operation relies on the fact that multiply charged particles destroy a local solid-state structure along their trajectory. This local damage can be intensified by means of subsequent etching, whereby the tracks under study are visualized. The damaged parts of the material react with an etchant more intensely than intact parts do. This reaction leads to the formation of characteristic etching cones.The radiation damage of the material is proportional, as well as the specific energy loss of charged particles is, to the square of the particle charge and also depends on the particle speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of an experiment devoted to studying archeological objects in the territory of the Holy Trinity Danilov Monastery in the town of Pereslavl-Zalessky, Yroslavl region, and performed by the muon radiography method are presented. The experiment in question is described, and the first results of the data analysis, which demonstrate the sensitivity of the chosen method to the task at hand, are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid-state track detectors made of glass have been used for detecting fission fragments since the 1960s [1–3]. These detectors are efficient for recording, they are relatively insensitive to light and background beta and gamma radiations, and they have a low own background. The passage of a multicharged ion in a glass creates a hidden image in the form of residual defects along the track of the ion with a width of ~10 nm. This hidden image can be detected by chemical etching. In an optical microscope, the etched track is observed as a well of a conical shape with a vertex coinciding with the trajectory of the particle, and with a diameter on the glass surface of the order of 5 to 10 μm. Compared to other solid-state detectors of multicharged ions (micas, plastics), glasses have a number of advantages, especially the lack of layering, which prevents the restoration of the full length of the track. We need to note the spectrometric property of glasses, namely, the proportionality of the linear size of the etched defect to the charge of the particle slowing in the detector to a stop. This property allows establishing a relationship between the particle charge and the geometric parameters of the track. In this study we used phosphate glasses as materials for detectors of charged particles. In these glasses, the main glass-forming component is phosphorus pentoxide P2O5. In particular, phosphates were successfully used in 1969 at the LNR JINR in an experiment to search for element 105 by spontaneous fission [4]. Previously we demonstrated a successful implementation of the automated processing of the detected tracks [5]. The aim of this study is to develop an offline method for an automated search for rare events of the decay of superheavy nuclei in order to record multicharged ions and determine their characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]