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Raw materials quality assessment is a very important factor, enabling products creation up to the international standards. In this investigation, the qualitative composition of bioactive plant extracts has been checked. The tested extracts have been obtained by the use of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and can be utilized as raw materials in a commercial production of a wide range of many different goods. Plant extracts of raspberry (Rubus idaeus), strawberry (Fragaria ananassa), blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum), aronia (Aronia Medik.), Japanese rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.) seeds, and palmetto palm (Sabal minor) fruit have been examined. In these extracts, saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as polyphenols have been identified using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with aqueous-organic mobile phases. Appropriate content of these components tends to be a determinant of human organism operation. In our investigation, the plant extract components, especially saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols, have been tested using micellar chromatography. Different micellar environments, containing polioxyethylene (23) lauryl ether (Brij35), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and cetyl - trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a main component of micellar mobile phases, have been utilized. The analyte-micelle association constants (Kma) from Foley's equation have been compared for each of these environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipophilicities of 21 newly synthesized 1,2,4-triazoles, compounds of potential importance as fungicides, have been determined by micellar and reversed-phase planar chromatography. Different stationary and mobile phases were used in the measurements. Chromatographic lipophilicities (log km and RM0) were correlated with partition coefficients log P (Alog Ps, AClog P, Alog P, Mlog P, KowWin, xlog P2 and xlog P3) calculated from molecular structures. Principal component analysis allowed a more objective comparison of different lipophilicity descriptors determined from various chromatographic systems and calculated theoretically as log P parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), over-pressured-layer chromatography (OPLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) techniques with micellar mobile phases were proposed to evaluate the lipophilicity of 21 newly synthesized 1,2,4-triazoles, compounds of potential importance in medicine or agriculture as fungicides. Micellar parameters log k were compared with extrapolated R values determined from reversed-phase (RP) TLC experimental data obtained on RP-8 stationary phases as well as with log P values (Alog Ps, AClog P, Alog P, Mlog P, KowWin, xlog P2 and xlog P3) calculated from molecular structures of solutes tested. The results obtained by applying principal component analysis (PCA) and linear regression showed considerable similarity between partition and retention parameters as alternative lipophilicity descriptors, and indicated micellar chromatography as a suitable technique to study lipophilic properties of organic substances. In micellar HPLC, RP-8e column (Purospher) was applied, whereas in OPLC and TLC, RP-CN plates were applied, which was the novelty of this study and allowed the use of micellar effluents in planar chromatography measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The protein–polysaccharide fraction (AAF) isolated from the coelomic fluid of the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta destroys C. albicans cells by changing their morphology, disrupting cell division, and leading to cell death. Morphological changes in C. albicans cells induced by treatment with AAF were documented using DIC, SEM, and AFM. Congo Red staining showed that the fungal wall structure was changed after incubation with AAF. The effect on C. albicans cell walls was shown by AFM analysis of the surface roughness of fungal cell walls and changes in the wall thickness were visualized using Cryo-SEM. The FTIR analysis of C. albicans cells incubated with AAF indicated attachment of protein or peptide compounds to the fungal walls. The intact LC–ESI–MS analysis allowed accurate determination of the masses of molecules present in AAF. As shown by the chromatographic study, the fraction does not cross biological membranes. The Cryo-TEM analysis of AAF demonstrated the ability of smaller subunits to combine into larger agglomerates. AAF is thermally stable, which was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. AAF can be considered as a potential antifungal antibiotic with activity against clinical C. albicans strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]