Search

Advertising as a direct marketing activity as well as word-of-mouth (WOM) as an indirect marketing activity are widely accepted as the most influential determinants of new product performance. Although electronic WOM (eWOM), as a type of WOM, has recently been studied extensively in various industries, previous results appear mixed due to their characteristics such as volume and valence. To bridge the gap regarding the roles of advertising and eWOM in the movie diffusion process, they were classified into pre-eWOM/advertising and post-eWOM/advertising based on two stages of the diffusion process. To reflect the heterogeneity of consumption characteristics on a new product, consumers were divided into two groups—innovators and imitators. This study proposed a model to investigate the role of advertising and eWOM in the movie diffusion process. In addition, the proposed model was used to analyze the impact of firm-initiated advertising and user-generated online reviews on movie performance in Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat transfer relations among discrete segments expressed in the form $${q_i} = \sum\limits_{j = 1}^N {{C_{ij}}} f\left( {{T_j}} \right)$$, with f ( T) being a monotonically increasing function of T, are examined to find the properties of the conductance matrix C using constraints such as the first and second laws of thermodynamics, rule of diffusivity, and Onsager's reciprocal relations. The obtained properties are; zero sum for each row (leading to the expression $${q_i} = \sum\limits_{j = 1}^N {{C_{ij}}} \left[ {f\left( {{T_j}} \right) - f\left( {{T_i}} \right)} \right]$$ and the singularity of C ) and for each column, non-negativeness of off-diagonal entries (diffusivity), and negative semi-definiteness of C. Matrix C is symmetric for time-reversible independent processes such as conduction and radiation (either spectral or total), but not for convection. The diffusivity may be overcome in a new meta-material with a promising applicability. The obtained relations may be used as convenient tools of formulation and may be further applied to other heat and mass transfer processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dispute is going on over the letter mark on the torpedo that is believed to have sunk the Korean corvette Cheonan in March, 2010. This research is made to investigate if the spot has experienced temperature high enough to burn, which can be proof of later fabrication. Conditions to maximize the heating are introduced and the temperature is calculated numerically as the explosion 'bubble' expands underwater, the gas stream heats the disk front surface and heat is conducted to the letter-written rear surface. Results show less than 20°C rise everywhere in the torpedo propulsion part and essentially no temperature rise on the letter mark over extensive tests. Therefore, the assertion that the letter mark should have been burnt turns out to be fallacious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper cofired dielectrics may give new opportunities for high temperature capacitors. To demonstrate feasibility, BaTiO3 has been formulated into X7R dielectrics with copper inner electrodes. This requires the development of a formulation that permits sintering at temperatures below 1000°C, and then firing in a reducing environment in atmospheres pO2 ∼ 10−8 atms. ZnO—B2O3 chemistries were explored with additional dopants to modify densification and the temperature coefficient of capacitance of the BaTiO3 dielectric anomaly. X7R characteristics with relative dielectric permittivities ∼2750 and tanδ ∼ 0.01 at 1 kHz were obtained at room temperature. Multilayer capacitors were fabricated in 3.2 mm × 1.6 mm size multilayers with an acrylic binder system and oxidation resistive copper inner electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laminar natural convection induced by free surface temperature gradient has been investigated numerically. Buoyancy effect and surface tension effect were made to oppose against each other. For fluid of unit Prandtl number and cavity of unit aspect ratio, the flow field was examined to determine the relative importance of surface tension force and buoyancy force. The flow patterns of each regime are: free surface-concentrated streamlines for surface tension flows, opposite direction circulation for buoyancy driven flows, and surface tension cell above with buoyancy driven cell below for mixed flows. The borderlines of each flow regime were obtained by interpolation and the flow regime map was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]