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Purpose: Management of a child's anxiety early in their treatment is essential in dentistry. Sedative medications are used to overcome increased anxiety from previous appointments and to promote the cooperation of children during treatment. Hydroxyzine is currently prescribed to young patients as part of the first level of conscious sedation. The main objective was to evaluate the professional practice of oral hydroxyzine, when prescribed for children presenting anxiety during dental treatment procedure performed by students and senior practitioners. Methods: A retrospective study of dental records and questionnaires was conducted at the Dental Care Centre of the University Hospital of Rennes, France. Parameters related to the prescription of hydroxyzine in children were evaluated as potential predictors of the dental session success, with adjustments on potential confounders. Results: The therapeutic outcome was very encouraging with 78.3% of success during dental sessions under sedation with oral hydroxyzine. Anxiety levels before the dental procedure and the medication compliance of the child were the main predictors of success. On the other hand, lower age (< 6 years old) and longer treatments (such as pulpotomy) worsened the outcome. Conclusions: Careful analysis of the literature and results of this work showed the safety of hydroxyzine within the maximum dose authorized without adverse effects, compared to other molecules described and commonly used in dentistry. No adverse effects during dental procedure were noted. This allows for minimal sedation with efficiency for the great majority of pediatric treatment. This solution should be the first step in sedation to help practicing clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To assess via a questionnaire the changes in knowledge and prescription habits for systemic fluoride of physicians at maternal and infant protection centres (MIP) and paediatricians in private practice (PPP) in the Brittany region between 2003 and 2014. Methods: In both 2003 and 2014, the same seven-question survey was mailed to PPP (110 in 2003 and 101 in 2014) and MIP (61 in 2003 and 71 in 2014). An eighth question was added in 2014 about French guidelines published in 2008 (AFSSAPS guidelines). Results: The overall response rate was significantly higher in 2003 (69.0%) than in 2014 (54.7%). In 2014 systemic fluoride was still considered an effective means of caries prevention (79.8% vs. 98.7% in 2003) and systematic prescription of fluoride supplements was less common (39.4 vs. 87.0% in 2003). When prescribed, systemic fluoride was given after the first 6 months of a child's life in 2014 (79.8%) instead of within the first month of life (73.5%) in 2003. Conclusions: Paediatricians and MIP physicians in Brittany were significantly less prone to routinely prescribe systemic fluoride in 2014. Certain sources of fluoride were still not well known in 2014. Collaboration and information sharing between dentists and physicians is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess retrospectively the efficacy of computer-assisted intraosseous anaesthesia (CAIO) in children using an anaesthetic solution with a lower concentration of epinephrine (1:400,000). Methods: In a retrospective study, CAIO was evaluated in healthy children and adolescents for restorative and endodontic treatments, uncomplicated tooth extractions or scalings using articaine 4 % plus epinephrine 1:400,000. Anaesthesia was performed in children who showed enough compliance (score of 0-3 according to modified behaviour Venham scale). Efficacy, amount of anaesthetic solution as well as need of a complementary injection was assessed. Results: A total of 421 consecutive sessions were performed on 278 patients aged 7.1 ± 2.9 years with 518 teeth involved in the anaesthetic process and analysed process. When teeth to be anaesthetised were considered, the overall success rate was 97.2 %. In most of the cases, only 0.9 mL was needed to achieve anaesthesia. Permanent teeth needed significantly more anaesthetics than primary teeth. Sensitivity of the teeth anaesthetized reappeared in 5.7 % of cases after 30-60 min of treatment. Conclusions: These results suggest that CAIO with 4 % articaine and epinephrine diluted 1:400,000 can be an alternative to usual infiltration techniques or IO with epinephrine at a higher concentration for most of treatments in primary and permanent teeth. Further studies are needed to evaluate its efficacy in permanent teeth in case of endodontic treatment or extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia (SIOD) is a rare, severe, autosomal recessive disorder that results in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, renal dysfunction, immunodeficiency, facial dysmorphism and growth failure. Little is known about oral features associated with SIOD. Some of the dental anomalies encountered are specific to SIOD and have only been reported in individuals with SIOD. Case report: This paper describes the clinical and radiographic dental manifestations of SIOD in two Caucasian brothers. Both lived to be about 10 years old. After a variety of symptoms were reported, a diagnosis of SIOD was finally made when the brothers were, respectively, 5 and 8 years old. At that time, dental anomalies, such as dyschromia, bulbous crowns, short and thin roots, had not been taken into account to establish the diagnosis. However, knowledge of the dental features characteristic of this disease could have helped make the diagnosis. Although both were caries- and periodontal disease-free, special attention was focused on prevention, including dietary counselling, plaque control, oral hygiene instructions and the use of fluoridated toothpaste. Follow-up: The two patients were followed every 6 months, for over 2 years (until their death), by both a private dentist and a university hospital dentist, which helped them maintain good oral health. Oral hygiene was assessed at each appointment and fissure sealants were placed by the private practitioner on their first permanent molars. Conclusion: This report describes dental anomalies specific to SIOD that could facilitate diagnosis. Clinicians and dentists should work in collaboration to diagnose and treat children with SIOD. These patients require regular and specific dental management because of their fragile health and their characteristic dental anomalies. Ideally, preventive visits should be scheduled every 6 months in addition to curative visits as needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three kind series of (2-hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) derivatives, the esters (ES), the ethers (ET) and the esters containing fluorocarbon components (FES) were prepared, and the thermal and cholesteric mesophase properties were compared among them. The optical pitch of ES increased with decreasing the degree of substitution (DS). Contrary to ES, the optical pitch of ET decreased with decreasing DS. The cholesteric-isotropic transition temperature of FES exhibited the even-odd oscillation according to the number of carbons in substituent. The reverse optical pitches of ET and FES were larger than that of ES, respectively, at the same temperature and at the same number of carbons in substituent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experimental variation of the intrinsic viscosity [η] as a function of temperature for various molecular weights of cellulose tricarbanilate in solution in dioxane displays a S-shaped character with two plateau regions, respectively at low and high temperatures. The use of the Yamakawa model leads to two distinct values for the chain stiffness q, one which may be associated to a rather 'rigid' conformation of the macromolecule (q=139 Å), the other which may correspond to a rather 'flexible' conformation (q = 84Å). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A polarizing microscope is used to investigate the liquid crystalline phase of polynonylisocyanates. The effect of the degree of polymerization of the chains on the anisotropic-isotropic transition temperature is demonstrated and a discussion within the theory of semi-rigid liquid crystalline polymers is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase diagrams for the isotropic-anisotropic phase transition in solutions of a thermotropic cellulose derivative, hydroxypropyl cellulose are presented. The effect of the molecular weight is demonstrated. A comparison to the theory of semi-rigid liquid crystalline polymers is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Physik der Kondensierten Materie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)