Search

The current study was focused on hydrogeochemistry of Ambagarh chowki groundwater. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the water quality for drinking and irrigation uses, hydrogeochemistry of groundwater. For this purpose, various physicochemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl−), fluoride (F−), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), bicarbonate (HCO3−), and sulfate (SO42−) were analyzed. The major dominating ions in groundwater was found as cation Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ and as anions in order of HCO3− > Cl− > SO42− > F−. The pH of sampled groundwater was ranged from neutral to alkaline in nature (7.0–8.8). Among, all-analyzed parameters in groundwater were safe for drinking purpose except few ions and bicarbonate content was also exceeding the permissible limit which was not suitable for drinking purpose. The potential health hazard element fluoride was varied from 0.1 to 2.2 mg/l and positively associated with the pH, Na+, and HCO3− content in groundwater. The drinking water quality index (WQI) was fluctuated between 12.22 and 185.56 and reported that most of the groundwater was suitable for drinking purpose except only one sample was unsuitable for drinking. Irrigation water quality assessment of the area was performed by evaluating as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), permeability index (PI), Kelly ratio (KR), magnesium hazard ratio (MHR), percent sodium (%Na), potential salinity (PS), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC). Whereas most of the groundwater were good and suitable for irrigation use excluding PI (3.70%), MHR (40.74%), RSC (22.22%) and PS (7.41%) were unsuitable for continuous irrigation. Hydrogeochemistry of groundwater evaluated with correlation, Piper, Gibbs, and other geochemical analysis. The Piper trilinear diagram reflects the Ca (Mg)-HCO3− type water was mainly contributed approximately 90% of entire sampled groundwater. The different ions in groundwater were originated from the rock water interaction through silicate and carbonate weathering of minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As per the American Petroleum Institute (API) definition, completion fluid is defined as a brine-, oil-, or gas-based fluid that is used as isolation (kill, separation, inhibition functions, etc.) fluid during the completion of a well. Novel magnesium bromide-based completion fluid exhibits high density and solid free. If design completion fluid is not solid free, then it will cause formation damage and plugging and eroding of tubular and completion equipment. The completion fluid must be high density to provide sufficient density for well control and mechanical stabilization of the wellbore. We have investigated the effects of aging on the rheological properties of completion fluid such as plastic viscosity (PV), apparent viscosity (AV), yield point (YP), gel strength, shear stress, pH, and specific gravity. In this experiment, base salt is taken as magnesium bromide in hexahydrate form and the rheology temperature range is considered 85–185 °F. The rheology properties of formulated 12.91-lb/gal, specific gravity 1.55 completion fluid are investigated before heat roll (BHR) at an aging time (hr.) initial 0 h and after heat roll (AHR) at aging time 16 h for hot-rolled (HR) temperature 320 °F using Bingham plastic rheological model. The experimental results showed that the magnesium bromide-based clear completion fluid exhibits high specific gravity of 1.55, 12.91-lb/gal and pH in alkaline region to mitigate the corrosion issues. This study aims to evaluate the effect of rheological behavior under prolonged exposure time, and temperature (aging process) for reservoir conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]