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Lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) has shown an upswing in popularity since the role of antero-lateral rotatory instability (ALRI) in ACL tears has become better understood. Its primary aim is to restore antero-lateral rotatory stability and hence reduce stresses placed on the ACL graft in high-risk individuals which should reduce graft failure rates. Many techniques have been described for LET using a variety of fixation methods (screws, anchors, etc.). Most of these techniques rely on a large incision laterally. We describe a novel technique ('mini-LET') which uses a 3–4 cm incision, to improve cosmesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Our understanding of antero-lateral rotatory instability (ALRI) has evolved considerably, with a shift towards a combined procedure of ACL reconstruction and lateral extra-articular procedure (LEAP) to reduce ALRI and decrease graft re-rupture rates. Despite mounting evidence for the same in high-pivot and high-contact athletes in the West, there is a paucity of data for regional sports such as kabbadi. To the authors best knowledge, this is the first such study to track the outcomes of the combined procedure (ACLR and LEAP) in kabbadi players. Methods: Ethics approval was obtained from the institutional ethics review committee. A total of 93 consecutive kabbadi players with ALRI were recruited for undergoing the combined procedure of ACLR with lateral extra-articular tenodesis. Demographical variables (age and gender) and functional outcome scores (IKDC, Lysholm, VAS, AOFAS, and FADI) were recorded pre-operatively and followed up at 6 week, 3 month, 6 month and 1 year post-surgery. In addition, complications (pain, stiffness, residual laxity, re-rupture, and infection) and return to sport were recorded. Results: All 93 patients completed the prospective cohort study with no drop-outs. The mean age of the study population was 22.4 ± 2.7 years and 84% were males. VAS, IKDC and Lysholm scores showed significant improvement at each time frame during the study period and significant improvement at end of the study period versus baseline. AOFAS and FADI scores showed no significant difference between baseline and end of study period. There was no significant difference with respect to age and gender for knee (IKDC and Lysholm) or ankle (AOFAS and FADI) scores. Return to sport was achieved in 99% of study participants with return to pre-injury level was 86%. Re-rupture rate was low (n = 2 patients) and the majority of complications related to the LET (either a complaint of swelling or shape change phenomenon). Conclusion: The present study shows that ACLR with LET provides a safe and effective option for treating kabbadi players engaged in an inherently high-pivot and high-contact sport. Knee outcomes (VAS, IKDC and Lysholm scores) showed substantial improvement versus baseline with a high degree of return to sport at pre-injury level and low re-rupture rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: ACL tears are the most common injuries in kabaddi, an inherently violent high pivoting and high-velocity direct contact sport. Combined ACL and MCL injuries and combined ACL and ALL injuries have been better understood but there is a lacuna of literature on these combined injuries in kabaddi players and no literature on combined AMRI and ALRI injuries. The present prospective cohort study aims to assess knee outcomes and return to sport for these injuries in elite kabaddi players. Methods: A prospective cohort of 26 elite kabaddi players with clinical and MRI findings of ACL and MCL high-grade partial or complete tears were recruited. After ACL reconstruction and MCL repair, the resultant pivot shift was assessed against the now intact medial pillar and those with high-grade or explosive pivot were addressed using a modified deep Lemaire lateral extra-articular tenodesis. Pain scores (VAS) and knee outcomes (IKDC and Lysholm scores) were assessed pre-operatively and at regular intervals until 1-year follow-up. Return to sport and complications were also assessed. Results: There was significant improvement in pain and knee scores throughout the study period, with most patients achieving full scores by six months duration. Return to sport was 96% and return to sport at pre-injury level was 77%. Complication rate of the combined triple procedure was low (< 5%), with most complications being minor. Conclusion: The triple procedure of ACL reconstruction, MCL repair and Lateral extraarticular tenodesis successfully addressed the combined AMRI and ALRI in elite kabaddi players with a high rate of return to sport, excellent knee outcomes and low complication rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Graft diameters are essential in any ACL surgery, with diameters less than 8mm associated with higher revision rates. Peroneus longus (PL) grafts have garnered much attention recently due to ease of harvest and more reliable graft diameters. The present study aimed to study various anthropometric parameters associated with PL-graft diameters. Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study of 50 patients undergoing PL harvest for ACL surgery at a tertiary referral hospital. Age, gender, height, weight, length of the lower leg (lateral tibial plateau to the tip of the fibula), circumference at the head of the fibula and girth at the lateral malleolus were measured pre-operatively. The length of the graft doubled and tripled graft diameters were assessed intra-operatively. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to study the association between the pre-operative anthropometric variables and the intra-operative graft diameters and length of graft harvested. Results: The mean doubled and tripled PL-graft diameter in our study population was 7.7 ± 0.9 mm and 8.7 ± 0.8 mm, respectively. The mean length of the graft was 25.9 ± 3.5 cm. We found no significant correlation between graft diameters and age, gender or height of the patient. We found that the patient's weight significantly correlated (p < 0.001) with graft diameter. We also found that the length of the lower leg (p < 0.0001), circumference at the head of the fibula (p = 0.001) and girth at the lateral malleolus (p = 0.029) showed significant correlation with tripled PL-graft diameter. Conclusion: We found that weight, length of the lower leg and girth at the head of the fibula showed a strong correlation with tripled PL-graft diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lateral meniscus posterior root tears (LMPRTs) are radial tears that occur within 10 mm of the posterior root tibial connection, also known as lateral meniscus posterior root avulsions. A common surgical approach for LMPRT (2) that contributes to positive biomechanical outcomes is independent transtibial pullout repair.(6,7,8) If this treatment is performed on people who need both LMPRT repair and ACL restoration, an extra tibial tunnel is required. The installation of a tibial tunnel increases surgical challenges and lengthens operation time, as well as the danger of iatrogenic damage to the normal architecture of the knee. To circumvent these drawbacks, we have developed a novel technique for intra-tunnel LMPRT repair using a knotless anchor construct at the upper posterior edge of the tibial tunnel. A stab incision is made to create the standard antero lateral portal and after introducing the trochar and the scope, a round of diagnostic arthroscopy is performed and the posterior root of lateral meniscus tear is identified. After creating an anteromedial portal, With help of 1 fiber tape, a loaded bite is taken with the help of a first pass mini device (Smith & Nephew), via the antero medial portal, deep into the posterior root (around 5 mm), using a self winching technique, and reduction of the LMPRT is checked. The position for the anchor entry is visualized in the superior edge of the tibial tunnel along its posterior wall, and the tapes are passed through the knotless anchor extra-articulately outside the AM portal. Thereafter, the anchor is shuttled in through the AM portal and punched in the footprint on the posterior-superior edge of the tibial tunnel with visualization of the reduction of the LMPR to the footprint. This technique offers a simple solution to a complex problem in the form of a simple procedure. This technique is a good choice when a tear of the posterior root of the LM occurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Peroneus longus (PL) graft harvest has gained popularity in recent years for a variety of ligament surgeries. One of the common apprehensions regarding its more widespread usage has been the risk of injury to the common peroneal nerve or the sural nerve during graft harvest. The purpose of the current study is to assess the rate of injury to the peroneal and sural nerve following PL harvest using our technique in a large cohort of patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort of 600 consecutive patients undergoing PLG harvest over a period from January 2022 to December 2022 at a single tertiary referral centre were included for analysis. Patients had baseline screening of nerve function prior to surgery and were regularly followed up at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months post-harvest. Grouped variables for the sural and peroneal nerve were completed and analysis was carried out using Cochrane's Q test and McNemar's test. Results: We found that only 0.01% of patients had any nerve complications at 6 months follow-up, and three times more patients had sural nerve complaints than peroneal nerve complaints at the end of the 6 months follow-up. Conclusion: Peroneus longus harvest is a safe and reproducible technique with low complication rate. The rate of nerve complications post-harvest is grossly overestimated in the literature secondary to low-powered and low evidence studies. We believe that using our safe surgical technique for PL harvest with respect to surface landmarks allows for PL harvest with a low nerve complication rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peroneus longus graft has gained much attention in recent years as a reliable autograft for primary ACL surgery. Critics have voiced concerns related to its impact on ankle biomechanics. The current review aims to synthesize the available literature on ankle biomechanics after peroneus harvest. The quantum of evidence available shows that PL harvest does not significantly impact ankle eversion or plantarflexion strength. Its impact on gait needs to be studied more deeply before any significant conclusions can be drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple graft options are available for knee ligament surgeries, one of the latest being peroneus longus grafts. Despite, an increasing usage of PL for graft harvest there is a scarcity of technique guides for its harvest, finding mention in only a few case studies. The following is a technical note dedicated to peroneous longus graft harvest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]