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Water supply system optimization makes use of the latest advances in hybrid genetic algorithm to automatically determine the least-cost pump operation for each pump station in large-scale water distribution system while satisfying simplified hydraulic performance requirements. Calibration results of the original model were pretty good. The comparison results show that the difference between the simplified and the original mode simulation of nodal pressure and pipe flow was less than 5%. The precision of the simplified model could satisfy the requirement for pump operation optimization. When the simplified model was used instead of the microscopic model, the calculation time of optimal control model was greatly saved, but the precision was basically the same. The results of optimal control model for the water distribution system in City S showed that the simplified model for optimal control had remarkable advantage cause the calculation time of optimal control model was greatly saved, but the precision was basically same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water environment capacity is an important conception in environmental science. As a basic theory applied in EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment), water environmental capacity is also an indispensable factor in making District Environmental Planning and total water pollutant control. With the statistic monitoring data of 17 water quality indexes from 2001 to 2005 of six monitor sections offered by Harbin Environmental Protection Administration, assessment of water quality of Songhua River along Harbin City was made. Sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the critical model parameters from 17 indexes. COD and NH3-N were selected as the key parameters to be calculated. Both one-dimension and two-dimension water quality model were calibrated and used to derive the water environmental capacity in Songhua River. Discussion was developed to show the model performance evaluation. The conclusion was generated that two-dimension water quality model provides a more conservative water environmental capacity than one-dimension model. There is no water environmental capacity in Harbin City region of Songhua River, which needs pollutant reduction. Up stream and down stream of Harbin City can bear with the current wastewater discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]