Search

In this paper, we establish the Anderson localization, strong dynamical localization and the (1 2 -) -Hölder continuity of the integrated density of states (IDS) for some multi-dimensional discrete quasi-periodic (QP) Schrödinger operators with asymmetric C 2 -cosine type potentials. We extend both the iteration scheme of Cao-Shi-Zhang (Commun Math Phys 404(1):495–561, 2023) and the interlacing method of Forman and VandenBoom (Localization and Cantor spectrum for quasiperiodic discrete Schrödinger operators with asymmetric, smooth, cosine-like sampling functions. arXiv:2107.05461, 2021) to handle asymmetric Rellich functions with collapsed gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Abdominal obesity, especially visceral fat, may have negative effects on the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). A body shape index (ABSI) can more accurately measure visceral fat accumulation. This study aimed to investigate the association between ABSI and PCa in US adults. Methods: 11,013 participants were enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2001 to 2018. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to explore the independent relationship between ABSI and PCa. Moreover, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, subgroup analysis, and interaction tests were performed. Results: ABSI was positively associated with the presence of PCa. When comparing the second, third, and fourth ABSI quartile to the lowest quartile, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for PCa risk were 1.34 (0.77, 2.31), 1.75 (1.03, 3.00), and 1.91 (1.12, 3.27), respectively (p for trend = 0.011). The restricted cubic spline regression analysis did not reveal a non-linear correlation between ABSI and PCa (p for non-linearity = 0.076). Subgroup analysis showed a significant interaction effect in subgroups of different BMI (p for interaction = 0.01). Conclusions: Elevated ABSI is significantly associated with an increased risk of PCa, particularly among individuals who are under/normal weighted or obese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a two-dimensional numerical model for simulating the generation and propagation of tsunami waves caused by upthrust bed movement is developed. To consider the nonlinearity as well as save the computational cost, a Navier–Stokes equation solver is used for the generation zone, and a Serre equation solver is adopted for the downstream evolution of the tsunami waves. The solution of the Navier–Stokes equation solver is extracted and transferred as the initial solution of the Serre solver, which means a one-way coupling is achieved. In this way, a one-way coupled Navier–Stokes-Serre model is obtained. After a detailed validation of the individual solvers, the coupled model is utilized for simulating the generation and propagation of tsunami waves caused by the upthrust bed movement in shallow water of uniform depth. It is found that the coupled model is comparable to the traditional Boussinesq equation model. Finally, the capacity of the coupled model for simulating wave-breaking cases is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we establish quantitative Green's function estimates for some higher-dimensional lattice quasi-periodic (QP) Schrödinger operators. The resonances in the estimates can be described via a pair of symmetric zeros of certain functions and the estimates apply to the sub-exponential-type non-resonance conditions. As the application of quantitative Green's function estimates, we prove both the arithmetic version of Anderson localization and the finite volume version of ( (1 2 −) )-Hölder continuity of the integrated density of states (IDS) for such QP Schrödinger operators. This gives an affirmative answer to Bourgain's problem in Bourgain (2000). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the multidimensional lattice Schrödinger operators with C 2 -cosine like quasi-periodic (QP) potential. We establish quantitative Green's function estimates, the arithmetic version of Anderson (and dynamical) localization, and the finite volume version of (1 2 -) -Hölder continuity of the integrated density of states for such QP Schrödinger operators. Our proof is based on an extension of the fundamental multi-scale analysis type method of Fröhlich–Spencer–Wittwer (Commun Math Phys 132(1), 5–25, 1990) to the higher lattice dimensions. We resolve the level crossing issue on eigenvalues parameterizations in the case of both higher lattice dimension and C 2 regular potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we develop a Nash-Moser iteration type reducibility approach to prove the (inverse) localization for some d-dimensional discrete almost-periodic operators with power-law long-range hopping. We also provide a quantitative lower bound on the regularity of the hopping. As an application, some results of Sarnak (Comm Math Phys 84(3):377–401, 1982), Pöschel (Comm Math Phys 88(4):447–463, 1983), Craig (Comm Math Phys 88(1):113–131, 1983) and Bellissard et al. (Comm Math Phys 88(4):465–477, 1983) are generalized to the power-law hopping case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topology optimization methods for structures subjected to random excitations are difficult to widely apply in aeronautic and aerospace engineering, primarily due to the high computational cost of frequency response analysis for large-scale systems. Conventional methods are either unsuitable or inefficient for large-scale engineering structures, especially for structures consisting of multi-materials with non-proportional damping systems. To address this challenge, an accurate and highly efficient reduced-order method (ROM) based on the second-order Krylov subspace and the multigrid method is proposed in this paper, which is applicable to non-proportional damping systems. Moreover, a novel multigrid reduced-order topology optimization scheme for structures subjected to stationary random excitations is proposed based on the pseudo-excitation method (PEM). Two 3D numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed scheme for multi-material topology optimization. For a cantilever beam with about 6.7 × 10 5 degrees of freedom (DOFs), compared against the original reduced-order method, the efficiency of pseudo-harmonic analysis of the multigrid reduced-order method is improved by about 91% with sufficient accuracy, and the efficiency of the whole optimization process of the multigrid reduced-order method is improved by more than 71%. For a pedestal structure with about 3.5 × 10 5 DOFs, compared against the original reduced-order method, the efficiency of pseudo-harmonic analysis of the multigrid reduced-order method is improved by about 61%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics have been recognized as a novel niche for bacteria. However, studies have characterized the plastisphere microbial community in situ without exploring the microbial changes after transferring to other ecosystems. Here we focus on bacterial succession on typical microplastics (polypropylene and expanded polystyrene) and natural substrates (wood) after transferring from mariculture area to seagrass meadows system. Using high-throughput sequencing of 16 S rRNA, we found that alpha diversity significantly reduced after transferring and microplastics especially PP had significant separations on PCoA plots at different succession stages. The abundance and metabolic pathways of potential pathogen-associated microorganisms are significantly decreased. The relative abundance of xenobiotics biodegradation pathways was significantly lower and of energy metabolism pathways was significantly higher by comparing before and after transferring. Main environmental factors affecting microbial communities changed from nutrient characteristics to basic physicochemical properties after transferring. The succession times of the microbial communities of the three materials were different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we study the multi-frequency quasi-periodic operator with a Gevrey type perturbation. We first establish the large deviation theorem (LDT) for the multi-dimensional operator with a sub-exponential (or Gevrey) long-range hopping, and then prove the pure point spectrum property. Based on the LDT and the Aubry duality, we show the absence of a point spectrum for the 1D exponential long-range operator with a multi-frequency and a Gevrey potential. We also prove the spectrum has positive Lebesgue measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we study discrete quasi-periodic operators with certain long-range hopping and monotonic meromorphic potentials. The hopping amplitude decays with the interparticle distance | n | as e - r log t (1 + | n |) ( t > 1 , r > 0 , n ∈ Z v ). By employing the KAM method, we prove such operators have pure point spectrum with eigenfunctions φ i i ∈ Z v obeying φ i (n) ≤ 2 e - r 2 log t (1 + | n - i |) for all i ∈ Z v , n ∈ Z v . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant tumor of male genitourinary system, ranking second among all male malignant tumors and showing a trend toward younger age. However, for metastatic prostate cancer, commonly used androgen deprivation therapy combined with docetaxel chemotherapy or neoendocrine therapy is prone to complications (incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and rectal damage), resulting in reduced quality of life or serious side effects for patients. Therefore, the designed GO-DAA-Ce6 nanoparticles were constructed to couple graphene oxide and Ce6 via diacylhydrazine adipate (DAA) as a bridge. The combination therapy of PTT and PDT is made possible by the outstanding photothermal conversion ability of GO and the high singlet oxygen generation of Ce6. GO-DAA-Ce6 demonstrated low toxicity and great biocompatibility in cytotoxicity and hemolysis assays. According to the outcomes of in vitro anti-tumor tests, GO-DAA-Ce6 greatly outperformed the photothermal and photodynamic efficacy of GO alone and Ce6 alone in terms of tumor suppression rates. The findings of the anticancer mechanism study point to the possibility that GO-DAA-Ce6 may cause cancer cells to undergo apoptosis and necrosis by initially damaging suborganelles such mitochondria. The straightforward design of the photothermal and photodynamic collaboration platform kills prostate cancer effectively and offers a general method for the treatment of various conditions including inflammation and skin infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, an attractive malachite leaching agent has been developed for extracting copper from malachite. The possible chemical reaction of malachite in TCA was also analyzed. The effects of the temperature, TCA concentration, average particle size, and stirring speed on malachite dissolution were investigated and a kinetic model was developed to describe the observed effects. It was found that the dissolution rate increases with increasing solution temperature, concentration, and stirring speed, and decreases with increasing mean particle size. The TCA solution can provide H+ ions, which facilitates the dissolution reaction. A surface chemical reaction contraction model controls dissolution and the activation energy of the dissolution process was determined to be 43.23 kJ/mol. It was shown that TCA can be used as a leaching agent for effective extraction of copper from malachite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hydrothermal method which can convert free cesium ions into stable pollucite at low temperatures was established in this work, avoiding any evaporation pollution during the disposal of cesium containing waste. Meanwhile, rapid synthesis under hydrothermal conditions was achieved using seed guidance, which shorten the growth time of pollucite crystals to 8 h, and making the treatment and disposal of cesium containing wastewater faster. Standard leaching test results show that the leaching rate of Cs was very low (< 3.5 × 10−7 g·m2·d), it still has good thermal stability at a temperature of 1300 °C, when the cesium content in pollucite reaches 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we study the Schrödinger operator H = - Δ + λ V (x) with a real analytic quasi-periodic potential V (x) defined on R d for arbitrary d ≥ 1 . We prove that H has no eigenvalues in the energy interval - | log λ | C , | log λ | C for every C > 0 if λ > 0 is sufficiently small. The proof is based on the Aubry duality and the multi-scale analysis in the momentum space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the safety assessement of deep geological repository for high-level radioactive waste, radionuclides transport behavior in rock systems is necessary to clairify and establish a suitable model. The advection–dispersion experiments(ADEx) was effectively designed to inadequate transport models through a calibration/validation process, and HTO, selenate (VI) and selenite (IV) migration behavior on crushed granite was studied by a high reliable and dynamic column device to obtailned retardation factor (R) and the dispersion coeffcient (D) by fitting experimental breakthrough curves (BTCs) in a various range of flow rates. Moreover, it showed the similar results between the BTCs of HTO and Se(VI) by fitting a equlibrium model due to no retardation effect. In fact, there was a relatively obvious sorption of Se(IV) in BTCs by fitting a retardation factor (R) value higher than 1. In addition, the two sites non-equilibrium model with a lowest root mean square error were applied to realize Se(IV) sorption mechanism on granite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predicting material's microstructure under new processing conditions is essential in advanced manufacturing and materials science. This is because the material's microstructure hugely influences the material's properties. We demonstrate an elegant machine learning algorithm that faithfully predicts the microstructure under new conditions, without the need of knowing the governing laws. We name this algorithm, RCWGAN-GP, which is regression-based conditional generative adversarial networks with Wasserstein loss function and gradient penalty. This algorithm was trained with experimental SEM micrographs from laser-sintered alumina under various laser powers. The RCWGAN-GP realistically regenerates the SEM micrographs under the trained laser powers. Impressively, it also faithfully predicts the alumina's microstructure under unexplored laser powers. The predicted microstructure features, including the morphology of the sintered particles and the pores, match the experimental SEM micrographs very well. We further quantitatively examined the prediction accuracy of the RCWGAN-GP. We trained the algorithm with computer-created micrograph datasets of secondary-phase growth governed by the well-known Johnson–Mehl–Avrami (JMA) equation. The RCWGAN-GP accurately regenerates the micrographs at the trained time series, in terms of the grains' shapes, sizes, and spatial distributions. More importantly, the predicted secondary phase fraction accurately follows the JMA curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we confirm the conjecture of Wang and Zhang (J Stat Phys 134 (5-6):953–968, 2009) in a long time scale, i.e., the displacement of the wavefront for 1D nonlinear random Schrödinger equation is of logarithmic order in time |t|. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the mechanical behaviors of the BMGs, Rezvan I et al. i report the deformation-mode-sensitive behavior under dynamic loading. This topical collection is to honor Professor Peter K. Liaw for his significant contributions to materials science and engineering and to The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS). Besides HEAs, Wang I et al. i report the formation and mechanical behavior of a body-centered-cubic medium-entropy alloys (MEAs). [Extracted from the article]

We establish Anderson localization for general analytic k-frequency quasi-periodic operators on Z d for arbitraryk, d. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the non-self dual extended Harper's model with a Liouvillean frequency. By establishing quantitative reducibility results together with the averaging method, we prove that the lengths of the spectral gaps decay exponentially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We used molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the friction of a single asperity against a rigid substrate, while generating debris. In the low wear regime (i.e., non-linear wear rate dependence on the contact stress, via atom-by-atom attrition), the frictional stress is linearly dependent on the normal stress, without any lubrication effect from the wear debris particles. Both the slope (friction coefficient) and friction at zero normal stress depend strongly on asperity-substrate adhesion. In the high wear regime (i.e., linear wear rate dependence on the contact stress, via plastic flow), the friction-normal stress curves deviate from a linear relation merging toward plastic flow of the single asperity which is independent of the interfacial adhesion. One can further link wear and friction by considering debris generation as chemical reaction, driven by both normal and frictional forces. The coupling between wear and friction can then be quantified by a thermodynamic efficiency of the debris generation. While the efficiency is less than 5% in the low wear regime, indicating poor mechanochemical coupling, it increases with normal stress toward 50% in the high wear regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the association between the use of Electronic Health Records (EHR) core functions in physician practices and medication adherence among chronically ill adults, as well as how patient activation moderates this relationship. Cross-sectional logistic regressions are conducted using data from the Aligning Forces for Quality Consumer Survey and the National Study of Small and Medium Physician Practices (2007–2009). Only 43 % of the practices have a basic EHR. The use of electronic communication and connectivity is positively associated with medication adherence for patients who are highly activated, but the association is negative for less activated patients. EHR based interventions may need to be customized based on patient activation and other factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In molecular dynamics simulations, the local stress state in the shear band is examined in six different model metallic glasses and one amorphous Si system (also has been perceived as a metallic glass analog) under different loading conditions. For all but the FeP and the amorphous Si systems, the running shear band (RSB) exhibits a liquid-like hydrostatic plus shear stress state. Our results suggest that the liquid feature of a RSB is not due to temperature rise or plastic confinement but due to the disorder driven by flow, which can be offset by strong directionality in bonding, phase segregation, or aging. The knowledge of the liquid-like stress state can be conveniently utilized in experiments to infer the local stress state of the RSB from the global tensile stress for metallic glasses. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A new strategy for in situ preparation of highly fluorescent CdTe quantum dots (QDs) with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and hyperbranched poly(amidoamine)s (HPAMAM) as co-stabilizers was proposed in this paper. MPA and HPAMAM were added in turn to coordinate Cd. After adding NaHTe and further microwave irradiation, fluorescent CdTe QDs stabilized by MPA and HPAMAM were obtained. Such a strategy avoids the aftertreatment of thiol-stabilized QDs in their bioapplication and provides an opportunity for direct biomedical use of QDs due to the existence of biocompatible HPAMAM. The resulting CdTe QDs combine the mechanical, biocompatibility properties of HPAMAM and the optical, electrical properties of CdTe QDs together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. MD-2 is a 25-kDa lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein that forms a heterodimer with TLR42, but its regulation in sepsis is not clear. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of regulation of MD-2. Inflammation cytokines in monocytes were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA, and it was found that IL-10 was elevated significantly in the monocytes with LPS treatment. And then, when the cells were treated with IL-10, STAT1 was activated in the monocytes using Western blotting. It was also found that STAT1 could enhance MD-2 expression on transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Finally, miR-30a was predicted to the molecule that may regulate STAT1 expression. It was verified that STAT1 was a new target gene of miR-30a. miR-30a could inhibit IL-10-induced cytokine release by targeting STAT1-MD-2 in monocytes. In conclusion, this study for the first time demonstrated that miR-30a inhibits MD-2 expression by targeting of STAT1 in human monocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given two bounded linear operators $$P$$ and $$Q$$ on a Banach space the formula for the Drazin inverse of $$P+Q$$ is given, under the assumptions $$P^2 Q+PQ^2=0$$ and $$P^3 Q=PQ^3=0$$. In particular, some recent results arising in Drazin (Am Math Mon 65:506-514, ), Hartwig et al. (Linear Algebra Appl 322:207-217, ) and Castro-González et al. (J Math Anal Appl 350:207-215, ) are extended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new strategy using hyperbranched poly(amidoamine)s to functionalize CdTe quantum dots (QDs) has been described. Hyperbranched poly(amidoamine)s with amine terminals (HP-EDAMA1) were synthesized by one-pot polymerization via the coupled-monomer method and subsequently used to functionalize preformed CdTe QDs. Quite different from previous studies in which the photoluminescence of QDs was quenched by further functionalization with tailored ligands, the quantum yield of CdTe/HP-EDAMA1 nanocomposites was 2 times that of pure CdTe QDs without modification. With this versatile method, the photoluminescence quenching of QDs in the modification process by matrix materials can be effectively solved and new QDs/hyperbranched polymer nanocomposites with potential applications in biomedicine might be offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report that graphene coatings do not significantly disrupt the intrinsic wetting behaviour of surfaces for which surface-water interactions are dominated by van der Waals forces. Our contact angle measurements indicate that a graphene monolayer is wetting-transparent to copper, gold or silicon, but not glass, for which the wettability is dominated by short-range chemical bonding. With increasing number of graphene layers, the contact angle of water on copper gradually transitions towards the bulk graphite value, which is reached for ~6 graphene layers. Molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical predictions confirm our measurements and indicate that graphene's wetting transparency is related to its extreme thinness. We also show a 30-40% increase in condensation heat transfer on copper, as a result of the ability of the graphene coating to suppress copper oxidation without disrupting the intrinsic wettability of the surface. Such an ability to independently tune the properties of surfaces without disrupting their wetting response could have important implications in the design of conducting, conformal and impermeable surface coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystallographic dislocation has been well-known to be one of the major causes responsible for the unfavorable carrier dynamics in conventional semiconductor devices. Halide perovskite has exhibited promising applications in optoelectronic devices. However, how dislocation impacts its carrier dynamics in the 'defects-tolerant' halide perovskite is largely unknown. Here, via a remote epitaxy approach using polar substrates coated with graphene, we synthesize epitaxial halide perovskite with controlled dislocation density. First-principle calculations and molecular-dynamics simulations reveal weak film-substrate interaction and low density dislocation mechanism in remote epitaxy, respectively. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution atomic force microscopy and Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy unveil the lattice/atomic and dislocation structure of the remote epitaxial film. The controlling of dislocation density enables the unveiling of the dislocation-carrier dynamic relation in halide perovskite. The study provides an avenue to develop free-standing halide perovskite film with low dislocation density and improved carried dynamics. Crystallographic dislocation has proven harmful to the carrier dynamics in conventional semiconductors but it is unexplored in metal halide perovskites. Here Jiang et al. grow remote epitaxial perovskite films on graphene with density-controlled dislocations and confirm their negative impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]