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The mechanisms of team internal social capital and entrepreneurial learning relationships in new venture teams (NVT) are relatively under-studied. This study investigates the association between internal social capital and entrepreneurial learning and the mediating roles of shared mental models and organisation-based self-esteem. Study 1 collected data from 284 participants from 111 NVTs in Eastern China. The hypotheses were tested using a multilevel structural equation modelling technique. The findings showed that (1) team internal social capital positively influenced entrepreneurial learning, and (2) shared mental models and organisation-based self-esteem both mediated this relationship, unveiling a dual-process mechanism. In Study 2, we conducted semi-structured interviews with a convenience sample of 14 participants from 6 NVTs in Eastern China. The results showed that internal social capital shared mental models, and organisation-based self-esteem influenced entrepreneurial learning in NVTs. This study is one of the first to use qualitative and quantitative analyses to investigate the mechanisms underlying the relationship between team internal social capital and entrepreneurial learning. The results suggest that team internal social capital promotes positive entrepreneurial behaviour, highlighting the importance of team internal social capital and entrepreneurial learning in organisational development. It can also provide indicators for those wanting to support new ventures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have sought to determine whether low self-esteem acts as a risk factor for depressive symptoms (i.e., a vulnerability model) or whether depressive symptoms lead to a decrease in self-esteem (i.e., a scar model). Although both models have received some support, very little research has: (a) addressed this question across critical life transitions likely to modify this pattern of associations, such as the transition to adulthood; (b) sought to identify the psychological mechanisms (i.e., mediators) underpinning these associations. The present study was designed to address these two limitations, focusing on the directionality of the associations between depressive symptoms and self-esteem from mid-adolescence to early adulthood while considering the role of motivational factors, namely mastery (intrinsic/extrinsic) and performance (approach/avoidance) goals as conceptualized in achievement goal theory. A sample of 707 Finnish adolescents aged 15–16 (52.1% boys) was surveyed six times up to the age of 25. Results from a cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) revealed that depressed individuals were more likely to have low self-esteem, although self-esteem protected against depressive symptoms between ages 16–17 to 20–21. Moreover, while self-esteem promoted mastery-extrinsic goals which in turn reinforced self-esteem, depressive symptoms promoted performance-avoidance goals which led to more depressive symptoms and lower self-esteem. Overall, these findings highlight (1) the long-lasting negative consequences of depressive symptoms on self-esteem and (2) the crucial role played by academic motivation in explaining the development of depressive symptoms and self-esteem over time. In turn, these results help refine the vulnerability and scar models, and suggest that motivational factors should be considered in prevention and intervention efforts among young populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although previous studies have shown that self-compassion is associated with self-esteem and depressive symptoms, little is known about the intra-individual processes and the temporal dynamics of these variables. This study used a longitudinal design to explore the association between self-compassion, self-esteem and depressive symptoms among 5785 college students (aged 17–22 years; Mage = 18.63, SD = 0.88; 48.2% females). The participants were assessed six times in a six-month interval over three years. The random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs) were used to disentangle within-person processes from stable between-person differences. Results of RI-CLPMs indicated that at the within-person level, self-compassion can positively predict subsequent self-esteem and negatively predict subsequent depressive symptoms, and vice versa. Self-esteem played a longitudinal mediating role in the prediction from self-compassion to depressive symptoms at the within-person level. These results indicate that cultivating self-compassion in college students is crucial as it can bolster their self-esteem and alleviate depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between leisure-time physical activity and academic burnout among college students, and the mediating roles of mindfulness and self-esteem in the relationship, so as to provide a reference for alleviating academic burnout among college students. The study used the Physical Activity Rating Scale, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the Self-Esteem Scale, and the Academic Burnout Scale to conduct a questionnaire survey to 629 college students (M = 19.6) through a convenience sampling method. The constructed chained mediation model was tested for path analysis, and mediation effects using SPSS 29.0. The results showed that leisure-time physical activity, mindfulness, self-esteem and academic burnout were significantly correlated with each other. The direct effect of leisure-time physical activity on college students' academic burnout was not significant, but the indirect effect was significant. Mindfulness and self-esteem had significant mediating effects between leisure-time physical activity and academic burnout among college students, and the mediating effects consisted of the independent mediation of mindfulness and self-esteem and the chain mediating effect between them. Thus, enhancing leisure-time physical activity as an intervention to alleviate academic burnout among college students should focus on the effects on mindfulness perception and self-esteem. By enhancing the levels of mindfulness perception and self-esteem, leisure-time physical activity may play an important role in alleviating the growing academic burnout among college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a set of fundamental beliefs that underlie social attitudes and behaviors, social axioms (i.e., social cynicism, fate control, reward for application, religiosity, and social complexity) play a central role in how individuals maintain self-esteem and life satisfaction when encountering challenges and adversities in the social world. Existing knowledge regarding the impact of social axioms on psychological well-being is inconclusive, and there is a lack of longitudinal research to investigate whether social axioms are associated with psychological well-being over time. Most previous studies focused on the influence of social axioms on cognitive aspects of well-being (e.g., life purpose and self-esteem), but the affective aspects (i.e., positive and negative feelings) have been seldom investigated. To address this research gap, we conducted a two-wave survey among 333 Chinese university students and found that the baseline social axioms predicted the follow-up psychological well-being. Social cynicism was negatively related to flourishing and positive feelings, and positively related to negative feelings. Fate control was positively related to flourishing and positive feelings. Gender played a moderating role between social cynicism and flourishing. The findings gain our understanding of how social axioms affect psychological well-being over time and inspire new ideas for emotion regulation and well-being promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceived racism is the subjective experience one has regarding racism, which may come in the form of blatant discrimination or microaggressions. This study investigated and compared the relations of perceived blatant discrimination and microaggression to university students' well-being (physical and psychological health, academic adjustment), and how the associations may be influenced by racial/ethnic identity and self-esteem. A self-report survey from racial/ethnic minority university students showed that higher perceived racism was associated with higher stress levels, more somatic symptoms, and worse academic adjustment. Microaggression showed larger negative impact than blatant discrimination. Racial/ethnic identity showed complex effects—a large positive effect by promoting self-esteem and a modest negative effect by intensifying the perception of microaggression. Self-esteem was strongly associated with well-being, yet it also exacerbated the negative association between microaggression and academic adjustment. These findings suggest that racism—microaggression in particular—harm racial/ethnic minority university students in multiple aspects, and that racial/ethnic identity and self-esteem are primarily protective factors, yet mechanisms leading to negative outcomes also exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) play a significant role on emotional and psychological outcomes in adulthood, including vindictiveness, emotional awareness, self-esteem and hurt feeling. This study sought to examine the relationship between early ACEs and their effects on vindictive behavior, emotional awareness, hurt feelings, and self-esteem in adults. Method: A total of 500 university students aged 18 to 47 participated in the study, among these 246 were selected through screening. Initially adverse childhood experiences of participants were screened using a Life Event Scale. Vindictive behavior was assessed using the Vengeance Scale, while Emotional awareness, hurt feelings, and self-esteem were measured through the Trait Emotional Awareness Scale, Hurt Feeling Scale, and Self-Esteem Scale, respectively. Results: The findings suggests that individuals who recalled negative childhood experiences were more likely to show vindictive behavior in adulthood. Moreover, the study revealed that this relationship between adverse childhood experiences and vindictive behavior were higher in individuals with low emotional awareness and self-esteem. Furthermore this association become significantly stronger in individuals experiencing heightened level of hurt feelings. Conclusion: The study highlights the significance of early adverse childhood experiences in understanding of vindictive behavior. Furthermore, it emphasizes that low emotional awareness, self-esteem, and the experience of hurt feelings act as mediating factors associated with behavioral patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many students refused to turn on their webcams during synchronous online classes. Students may intentionally remain invisible to teachers and colleagues for reasons related to their motivation and emotions. However, less is known about the relationships between students' activity and frequency of turning on the webcam during synchronous online classes and their self-compassion. In our study (N = 450, Polish students aged 18 to 28), we examined the relationship between students' self-compassion, self-esteem, body esteem, and discomfort when using webcams with their activity and frequency of turning on the webcam during synchronous online classes. We found that men scored higher than women on self-compassion, self-esteem, and body esteem, but lower on discomfort when using the webcam. In both genders, higher self-compassion was associated with higher self-esteem, higher body esteem, higher activity during synchronous online classes, and less discomfort when using the webcam. Moreover, in women, higher self-compassion was linked with more frequent turning on the webcam. We also observed that discomfort when using the webcam and self-esteem mediated relationships between self-compassion and activity and turning on the webcam during synchronous online classes. Our results indicate the importance of improving self-compassion in students during online education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problematic social media use (PSMU) is known to be associated with self-esteem, depressive symptomology, extraversion, neuroticism and the fear of missing out (FOMO). However, few studies have sought to understand how these psychological factors may converge and differentially relate to PSMU severity. Thus, the current study examined how these factors may present as different 'user profiles'. A total of 574 participants completed an online survey, and hierarchical cluster analysis and K-means clustering techniques were used to form profiles. A five-cluster solution was identified. The clusters differed in PSMU scores and in order of PSMU severity were identified as FOMO, Emotionally Vulnerable, Low-risk, Low Extraversion and Protective profiles. These findings indicate a more nuanced understanding of PSMU severity may be gained by considering how specific psychological correlates converge as opposed to considering them as unique predictors of PSMU. Future research may benefit from conceptualising PSMU from a combined risk lens that prioritises the relationship between PSMU correlates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poor, oppressed, and victimized continue to suffer discriminatory practices of India's dominant others. The study reports social and psychological experiences of the downtrodden section of the Indian society and reflects their concerns of being subjected to dehumanizing and stigmatizing experiences. Sixty-three respondents—residents of unauthorized, highly deprived slums of Allahabad city—were participants in the study. The findings revealed that perceived poverty correlated positively with experiences of stigmatization and dehumanization. The participants also had lower self-esteem and were more down on perceived well-being. The results suggest that dehumanization and stigmatization have implications for actualizing human potential. Results also implied that poverty had psychological consequences. In addition to economic and social disadvantages, they experienced dehumanization and stigmatization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major objectives of the present study were (a) to explore the perception of stigma associated with HIV/AIDS among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs); (b) to investigate the relationship between stigma, self-esteem and psychological health, and; (c) to examine the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between (a) felt stigma and psychological health, and; (b) enacted stigma and psychological health. The sample consisted of 200 HIV positive individuals (100 females and 100 males) from Prayagraj (North India). Data were collected using a set of questionnaires (self-report measure). It contained questions related to demographic information (age, gender, marital status, education and income), the experience of stigma, self-esteem and psychological health. Results revealed that perceived and enacted stigma were negatively correlated with self-esteem and psychological health. Enacted stigma emerged as a significant predictor (negative) of self-esteem and psychological health. Self-esteem also emerged as a significant predictor of psychological health. It also revealed that the relationship between enacted stigma and psychological health was significantly mediated by self-esteem. Based on the findings, it is suggested that PLWHAs should be treated with respect and dignity, and efforts should be made to align them with the mainstream. Further, they should be encouraged to think above stigma in order to have a better quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reports research findings of the Indian eunuch's perceived stigmatization experiences, economic deprivation, and physical and mental well-being. The participants constituted 42 eunuchs from Uttar Pradesh, India, selected through the technique of convenience sampling. The sample characteristics varied over three dimensions: education, religion, and caste. They rated their perception and experiences on the Socio-Economic Survey Measurement Scale, which included the Social Stigma Scale that covered various dimensions such as stigma, dehumanization, identity, attribution to their present status, coping, and physical and mental well-being. The findings reveal that eunuchs experience high stigmatization, dehumanization, low self-esteem, and poor physical and psychological health. In addition, physical health problems were negatively associated with attribution to fate and psychological health problems were positively related to fatalism and fightback, coping strategies. The findings indicate a mismatch between the political efforts toward the inclusion of eunuch in the mainstream and the actual ground state of their experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plato's Republic divided subsequent study of justice in two, as a virtue of people and of institutions. Here, the start of a reunification is attempted. Justice is first understood personally as the virtuous mean between arrogance and servility, where just people properly respect themselves and others. Because justice requires that like cases be treated alike and self-respect is a special instance of respect generally, justice requires a single standard for self and others. In understanding justice in terms of respect, structural analogies become apparent between "recognition" and "appraisal" respect, on the one hand, and Rawls' two principles of justice on the other. The present view is then compared to "social egalitarian" theories of justice and the essay concludes with a discussion of how mercy is related to justice and an explanation of why just people always look for reasons to mitigate blame and punishment but never to aggravate them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counseling interventions can help facilitate feelings of life satisfaction in clients seeking support. Two studies examined the system of social psychological factors associated with life satisfaction in the United Kingdom (UK). In Study 1, cross-sectional survey data from 544 heterosexual and LGB people were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. Being in a relationship, self-esteem and continuity were positively associated with life satisfaction. In Study 2, cross-sectional survey data from 202 heterosexual and gay men, also analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression, showed that relationship satisfaction and self-esteem were positively associated with life satisfaction. In both studies, there were no differences by sexual orientation or gender, and self-esteem was the strongest predictor of life satisfaction. Counseling interventions that focus on building a stronger sense of identity resilience (self-esteem and continuity) and, for partnered individuals, relationship satisfaction, may enhance life satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study examines the effectiveness of a multimodal perpetrator intervention program (PIP) on intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators' self-reported abusive behaviors, self-esteem, and self-concept. Methods: A sample of 53 male IPV perpetrators, both court- and self-referred to a community-based PIP, were assigned to one of two conditions: intervention condition (IC; n = 38) and waiting list control condition (WLCC; n = 15). Data on self-reported intimate violence, self-esteem, and self-concept were collected at baseline, post-test, and 6-month follow-up. The Reliable Change Index (RCI) was also computed. Results: A considerable percentage of IC participants end or substantially reduce their abusive behavior (reoffending self-reported rates were 10.7% at post-treatment and 12.5% at follow-up). IC participants increase self-esteem and self-concept. Changes were maintained at follow-up. Significant differences were found between the groups, with IC participants reporting reductions in abusive behaviors, scoring higher on self-esteem and self-concept, and revealing greater clinical changes than WLCC participants. Conclusions: These findings suggest that multimodal interventions improve self-esteem and self-concept and reduce IPV perpetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on self-evaluation motive theory, we explored how employees' organization-based self-esteem motivates them to engage in innovative behavior and the psychological mechanism behind this behavioral decision. Based on two-wave data collected from 881 employees and multiple regression analysis methods, we find that (1) organization-based self-esteem exhibits a U-shaped relationship with employees' innovative behavior; (2) and this relationship was mediated by competence face stress; (3) while perceived insider status moderates this mediating effect. By integrating the features of the Chinese face culture into the Western management theory, this study has built and empirically examined a research model in which organization-based self-esteem has a U-shaped curve effect on employees' innovative behavior through competence face stress under different levels of perceived insider status. Therefore, the paper promotes the development of Chinese contextual research on the formation mechanism of employees' innovative behavior. Theoretical and practical implications and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Social anxiety is a prevalent and serious issue among college students in China. Physical activity holds significant potential for mitigating social anxiety. Although some studies have illustrated that physical activity could prevent and alleviate social anxiety, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. The study aims to address this gap by examining both the mediating variables that influence social anxiety among college students and the moderating variables that may strengthen the effects of physical activity on social anxiety. Methods: Participants were 1,401 Chinese college students (Mage = 18.51, SD = 0.84, 60.7% male) who effectively completed online questionnaires. We assessed a structural equation model examining the mediating role of body image and moderating role of self-esteem in the relationship between physical activity and social anxiety. Results: (1) Physical activity was negatively correlated with social anxiety(r=-0.196, p<0.01) and positively correlated with body image (r=0.158, p<0.01) and self-esteem(r=0.161, p<0.01). Conversely, there was a positive correlation between body image and self-esteem(r=0.601, p<0.01) and a negative correlation between body image and social anxiety(r=-0.386, p<0.01). Ultimately, a negative correlation was found between self-esteem and social anxiety(r=-0.499, p<0.01). (2) Both the total effect (β = -0.188, 95% CI = [-0.242, -0.134]) and the mediating effect of body image were significant (β = -0.061, 95% CI = [-0.085, -0.041], the mediating effect accounting for 32.45%). (3) The results showed that the interaction term between body image and self-esteem was significantly related to social anxiety(β=-0.074, p<0.001), indicating that self-esteem moderated the association between body image and social anxiety. According to the results of the simple slope test, for college students with higher levels of self-esteem, body image negatively predicted social anxiety(bsimple =-0.188, p < 0.001, 95% CI = [-0.252, -0.124]). However, for college students with low levels of self-esteem, body image didn't negatively predict social anxiety(bsimple = -0.039, p = 0.265, 95% CI = [-0.109, 0.03]). Conclusions: The results indicated that physical activity significantly and negatively predicted social anxiety in college students. Furthermore, the relationship between physical activity and social anxiety was significantly mediated by body image and significantly moderated by self-esteem. Specifically, higher self-esteem strengthened the connection between body image and social anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce into a human-capital based growth framework utility from self-esteem, driven by academic achievements. Self-esteem, through its effect on human capital, is shown to shape the intertemporal evolution and the persistence of income inequality, in general, and across population groups. Inequality persistence is obtained because of the wedge that the self-esteem component creates between households whose academic achievements are high enough as opposed to those whose achievements are insufficiently low. Among the several extensions, it is shown that controlling parenting style can exacerbate income inequality while reducing children's self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the study demands-resources model (SD-R) has received significant attention as a comprehensive framework that identifies school burnout antecedents and adverse consequences. Our main study aim was to identify school burnout profiles among early adolescents and examine the associated personal and social resources. A cross-sectional study collected data from Polish and Turkish youths (N = 959,57.1% from Poland) through a paper-pencil and online survey measuring four school burnout dimensions, personal resources and social resources. 27 Three school burnout profiles were identified: (Profile 1) Highly Burned-out Students (14.8%), (Profile 2) Slightly Burned-out Students (63.5%), (Profile 3) Unburned-out Students (21.7%). Students from Profile 1 scored significantly lower in social and personal resource. The membership in Profile 2 was predicted by worse relationships with important adults (parents, teachers), and lower self-esteem compared to Profile 3. Our findings confirmed that school burnout symptoms are experienced (even slightly) by a relatively high number of youths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the research increase on Problematic Social Media Use (PSMU), few studies focus on Problematic Instagram Use (PIU) and its associated factors. Our study evaluated the effects of social comparison (abilities and opinions) and self-esteem on PIU, mediated by positive and negative affect. A total of 976 Brazilian university students participated answering the following scales online: The Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure, Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale adapted for Instagram, Positive and negative Affect Schedule and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. We observed positive associations between social comparison and negative affect with PIU, and negative associations between self-esteem and positive affect with the outcome. Based on structural equation modeling controlling for gender and self-report of mental health disorders, we observed that negative affect completely mediated the effects of self-esteem on PIU but did not mediate the association with social comparison. However, abilities comparison had a direct effect on PIU. Positive affect did not mediate this associations. Thus, subjects with higher social comparison of abilities and negative affect associated with lower self-esteem are more likely to present PIU. These findings contribute to understanding PIU, considering the users' individual characteristics and affect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the effects of screen time on depression symptoms in Chinese children and adolescents, and to examine the mediating effect role of self-esteem and resilience between the association from a longitudinal perspective. A total of 653 students graded 4th to 8th were selected through a stratified cluster sampling method from Shanghai, China. The Screen Time Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESD-R), the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), and the Chinese version of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were applied in this study. Structural equation modeling was performed to investigate the mediating role of self-esteem and resilience. The direct effect of baseline screen time (T1) on subsequent depression symptoms (T2) was not statistically significant after controlling for depression symptoms at T1 (β = -0.029, p >.05). There were three significantly intricate multiple-chain-mediated associations between baseline screen time and subsequent depression symptoms. In each pathway, screen time was associated with self-esteem, which, in turn, was linked to depression symptoms three months later through resilience. While screen time may not directly impact depression symptoms 3-month later, it can indirectly influence these symptoms through self-esteem and resilience at different time points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese gay men may have high levels of demoralization syndrome, and perceived support from parents for sexual orientation may have an essential impact on an individual's mental health. However, there are few studies on the relationship and mechanism between parental support for sexual orientation and demoralization syndrome among gay men. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between parental support for sexual orientation and demoralization syndrome among Chinese gay men, as well as the chain mediating mechanisms of sexual orientation concealment and relational self-esteem between the two. 405 Chinese gay men recruited via the Internet were assessed by self-reported scales measuring parental support for sexual orientation, sexual orientation concealment, relational self-esteem, and demoralization syndrome. The research results show that parental support for sexual orientation was significantly negatively correlated with demoralization syndrome among Chinese gay men. Sexual orientation concealment significantly mediated the relationship between parental support for sexual orientation and demoralization syndrome, and sexual orientation concealment and relational self-esteem had a significant chain mediation effect between parental support for sexual orientation and demoralization syndrome. Additionally, relational self-esteem also significantly mediated the relationship between the two. The results suggest that parental support for sexual orientation may be a protective factor against demoralization syndrome among Chinese gay men. Parental support for sexual orientation is associated with reduced demoralization syndrome symptoms through lower sexual orientation concealment and higher relational self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The negative effect of problematic muscularity-oriented eating has been well-documented in the current literature. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the primary factors that could lead to the beginning and pursuit of such practices. The current research explored the association between narcissism (grandiose and vulnerable) and problematic muscularity-oriented eating, addressing the mediating effect of self-esteem and muscle dysmorphia as reflected in functional impairment (i.e., feelings of guilt when skipping exercise and avoiding social situations because of body image concerns), desire for size (i.e., preoccupations about the inadequate size), and appearance intolerance (i.e., appearance anxiety or body exposure avoidance). The study was carried out with 151 competitive bodybuilders of the category men's and women's physique. Results indicated that the association between grandiose narcissism and problematic muscularity-oriented eating was mediated only by appearance intolerance. In addition, only functional impairment mediated the interplay between vulnerable narcissism and problematic muscularity-oriented eating. These findings yield relevant theoretical implications about the main factors underpinning eating practices that are particularly risky for individual health. Limitations and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The family has considered a sacred haven of comfort with which marital violence is incompatible. the early maladaptive schema (EMS) is an essential cognitive process in individuals' perception of violence. the present research aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-esteem and self-compassion in the relationship between early maladaptive schema and violence against women. The study used a descriptive-analytical correlation with a structural equation model. The statistical population includes all married women in Hamedan, Iran, using the convenience sampling method, and 300 people were selected as the sample size. The research tools included the Bilali Violence against Women Questionnaire (2007), the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) (1988) the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) (1989), and the Reis Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) (2011). Data analysis was analyzed using path analysis through a structural equation model by AMOS-24 and SPSS-24 Software. Self-esteem and self-compassion play a mediating role in the relationship between EMS and violence. The correlation test results (P > 0.05) showed a positive, direct, and significant correlation between all the studied variables. A significant and inverse relationship was observed between the variables of self-esteem and self-compassion with the variable of the EMSs. Similarly, a significant and inverse relationship was found between self-esteem and violence with the variable of the EMSs. Based on the research results, a close relationship existed between EMS, self-esteem, and self-compassion. This study's findings can be used for planning purposes, to enhance knowledge about effective management strategies and essential aspects of adjusting the schema, boosting self-esteem, and fostering self-compassion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently imposed reproductive rights restrictions have triggered widespread pro-choice protests in countries like Poland and the U.S. This study, conducted online in Poland following the 22 October 2020 decision of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal to strengthen restrictions on legal access to abortion, investigated the motivations of 939 Poles (55% women) to participate in pro-choice protests. We examined how different aspects of gender collective self-esteem and feminist identification were associated with reactance to the freedom restrictions imposed by the abortion ban and with engagement in pro-choice protests among women and men. We found that for both genders, weaker gender identification was associated with higher feminist identification, greater reactance to the abortion ban, and increased involvement in pro-choice protests. However, we observed gender differences in the motivations to participate. Women who perceived themselves as valued members of their gender group, had negative personal views about their gender or felt their gender was undervalued by society, were more likely to engage in pro-choice activism. Men who held negative personal views about their gender or felt their gender was valued by society were more likely to engage in pro-choice protests. This study adds novel predictors to the literature on engagement in pro-choice collective action, offering practical insights into which aspects of gender collective self-esteem should be targeted to enhance feminist identification and support for the pro-choice movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the mediating role of depressive symptoms in the relationship between negative life events (NLEs) and suicidality, as well as to test the moderating effect of self-esteem in the mediation model. Methods: A total of 3,003 adolescents from Han, Tibetan, and Yi ethnic groups living in Western China were included in this study. Utilizing the structural equation model, a mediation model and a moderated mediation model were constructed. Results: The presence of NLEs was positively associated with suicidality (β = 0.17, p < 0.001). Depressive symptoms partially mediated the relationship between NLEs and suicidality (indirect effect β = 0.19, p < 0.001). Self-esteem moderated both the antecedent and subsequent segments of the mediating paths of "NLEs → depressive symptoms → suicidality" and the direct relationship between NLEs and suicidality. Among adolescents with a low level of self-esteem, the mediating effect coefficient of depressive symptoms was higher at 0.18 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14–0.23), in contrast to adolescents with a high level of self-esteem, where the mediating effect coefficient of depressive symptoms was 0.04 (95% CI: 0.02–0.07). Conclusion: NLEs are directly associated with an increased risk of suicidality and indirectly related to suicidality by increasing the risk of depressive symptoms among adolescents. Self-esteem can moderate the mediating effect of depressive symptoms and the relationship between NLEs and suicidality. The intervention strategy for preventing suicidality among adolescents who have experienced NLEs should focus on reducing depressive symptoms and improving self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychology originally defined parent–child conflict in terms of interpersonal relationships, where parent–child conflict is a process of inconsistent attitudes between parents and children that occurs in a family setting. For this end, we aims to investigate the influence of parental awareness on preschoolers' perception of parent–child conflict and the mediating role of preschoolers' self-esteem. This paper proposes a dynamic parent–child relationship discovery algorithm based on the impact of parent–child cooperation activities on preschool children's development. We applied SPSS and Mplus statistical software for data processing and analysis, and Nvivo 11.0 qualitative software for validation and analysis. The reliability of preschool children's perceived parent–child conflict and sub-dimensions were: 0.901, 0.799, 0.791, 0.811, 0.729; the total scale and the retest reliability of each dimension were: 0.914, 0.837, 0.836, 0.792, 0.711. Validated factor analysis using Mplus: RMSEA = 0.075, TLI = 0.856, CFI = 0.876, SRMR = 0.064. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

College students tend to engage in a variety of prosocial behaviors as well as substance use. Simultaneously, they are self-focused and capable of increased self-regulation. In the current study, we investigated the intersection of these behaviors on college students' self-development. Specifically, we hypothesized that substance use would relate curvilinearly to self-regulation and self-esteem, prosocial tendencies would relate positively to self-regulation and self-esteem, and prosocial tendencies would moderate the relations between substance use and the two self-variables. A total of 572 undergraduate students (72.2% women; Mage=19.37 years, SD = 1.29) completed online surveys. As expected, a curvilinear relation between substance use and self-esteem was detected. In addition, results suggest that substance use negatively predicted self-regulation, whereas prosocial tendencies toward strangers and family positively predicted self-regulation. Prosocial tendencies as a moderator between substance use and the two self variables yielded mixed results. Therefore, the relation between substance use, prosocial tendencies, self-esteem, and self-regulation among college students remains nuanced and complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of a significant relationship between irrational beliefs and various mood disorders has been proved by previous research within the literature on irrational beliefs. However, there are a limited number of studies on the relationship between irrational beliefs and positive variables of positive psychology and mental health. This study examines the mediation of optimism and self-esteem in the relationship between irrational beliefs, specifically demandingness beliefs, and subjective well-being in adolescents. The study group comprises 235 students, including 137 female (58.3%) and 98 male students (41.7%). They were between 14-19-year-old (M = 16.14, SD = 1.10). The Irrational Beliefs Scale for Adolescents, The Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Adolescents, The Life Orientation Test, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and The Personal Information Form were used to collect data. The data were analyzed through Pearson correlation analysis, mediation analysis with Ordinary Least Squares regression, and Bootstrap. The findings reveal that optimism and self-esteem mediate the relationship between demandingness beliefs and subjective well-being. Among the mediators, optimism has a stronger mediation effect on the variables than self-esteem. The findings are discussed, and suggestions are offered for further research and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Identifying factors that contribute to the development of suicidal ideation (SI) is crucial for prevention and treatment. Perfectionistic Concerns (PC) represent the experience of external pressure to be perfect and have been consistently linked to SI, but it is unclear how PC and SI are associated in depressed adults. This study examined the association between PC and SI and whether self-esteem, loneliness and rumination (brooding, reflection and depression-related rumination) moderated this association in a clinical sample. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a psychiatric outpatient sample of depressed adults, selected for the presence of SI. In total 110 adults (mean age 33.54 (SD = 12.03) and 60% female) participated in this study. Associations were estimated by regression analyses. Results: PC was not associated with SI in the sample (r =.16, p =.087). However, high levels of PC in combination with low self-esteem (β = -.29, p =.007) or with high levels of depression-related rumination (β =.22, p =.017) were positively associated with SI. Loneliness, brooding and reflection did not moderate the PC-SI relationship. Discussion: These findings underline the importance of taking into account the individual characteristics in depressed, perfectionistic individuals when estimating SI severity and selecting the focus of intervention. Due to the cross-sectional design no causal inferences can be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite some research showing the relation of academic contingent self-worth to academic self-handicapping, evidence for how to improve the situation is limited. To address this research gap, this experimental study (N = 560) examined whether failure mindsets moderated the association between these two variables. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the four conditions: (a) easy task, failure-is-enhancing, (b) easy task, failure-is-debilitating, (c) difficult task, failure-is-enhancing, and (d) difficult task, failure-is-debilitating conditions. The main hypotheses concerned the amount of practice (an indicator of academic self-handicapping) that the participants displayed in face of a difficult task, which suggests a high risk of failure. Results showed that among highly academically contingent students, those who were in the failure-is-enhancing condition reported less state anxiety and more task enjoyment as well as practicing more in face of anticipated failure (i.e., fewer self-handicapping behaviors) than those in the failure-is-debilitating condition. As for low contingent students, those in the failure-is-enhancing condition also practiced more when confronted with a difficult task compared with those in the failure-is-debilitating condition, whereas there were no significant differences between the failure mindset conditions for state anxiety and task enjoyment. By contrast, global self-esteem, perceived academic competence, and mindsets of intelligence did not interact with task difficulty to predict academic self-handicapping and affective responses. Taken together, these findings suggest that endorsing a failure-is-enhancing mindset may help reduce the ego threat associated with failure, thereby alleviating the problems of vulnerable self-esteem of highly contingent people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that qualitative and quantitative job insecurity represent two types of stressors with potentially different outcomes, this study builds upon the conservation of resources theory and the desperation principle to investigate how these distinct aspects of job insecurity contribute to different forms of interpersonal-oriented counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs). This contribution primarily occurs through the erosion of employees' organization-based self-esteem (OBSE). Crucially, work redesign strategies may assist employees in alleviating workplace bottlenecks. We further highlight the buffering roles of job crafting strategies (promotion- and prevention-oriented job crafting) in the indirect relationships of job insecurity - OBSE - interpersonal-oriented CWBs. Using a time-lagged design, a sample of 316 full-time employees from various occupations in Taiwan completed three waves of questionnaire survey. The results emphasize a significant risk for employees experiencing job insecurity in the workplace, as the associated work stress could deplete their OBSE, potentially leading to interpersonal-oriented CWBs. Furthermore, we shed light on how employees can reduce this risk by leveraging job crafting strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What sort of people like to work from home (WFH)? In this study 1185 adults from different sectors and countries completed a work-related personality test (HPTI) and a self-esteem measure as well as indicating their preference for WFH. Correlations showed that those who were less Adjusted, Conscientious, and Risking Taking showed a preference for WFH. The regression suggested the strongest indicator was sex, degree status, and trait Conscientiousness. We split the sample by sex, age and education and reran the six regressions. Conscientiousness was consistently significant, though other personality factors were important for non-graduates. Explanations and implications of this finding are discussed. The limitations of a cross-sectional study using only self-report data is acknowledged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the developmental changes and mutual predictive relationships among self-esteem, fear of missing out and problematic social media use in Chinese college students. Using the Self-esteem Scale, Fear of Missing Out Scale, and Problematic Social Media Use Scale, 513 Chinese college freshmen were tracked and measured three times within one year. The results of the data analyses show a downward trend in self-esteem levels and an upward trend in fear of missing out and problematic social media use among Chinese college students. In addition, there is a mutually negative predictive relationship between self-esteem and problematic social media use, while there is a mutually positive predictive relationship between fear of missing out and problematic social media use. These findings offer insights for researchers and educators to intervene in college students' problematic social media use from a developmental perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both clinical and non-clinical individuals are influenced differently depending on their levels of positive orientation and psychological distress. Firstly, the present study investigated the significant differences between clinical and non-clinical individuals on positive orientation and psychological distress. Secondly, the present study examined the predicting role of positive orientation on psychological distress. Lastly, this study investigated whether the presence or absence of diagnosed psychological disorder moderates the relationship between positive orientation and psychological distress. A total of 323 non-clinical and 290 clinical samples were recruited. Findings showed that there are significant differences between clinical and non-clinical samples in terms of positive orientation and psychological distress. The findings for clinical sample showed that positive orientation, self-esteem, and life satisfaction can significantly predict stress, anxiety, and depression negatively, whereas for the non-clinical samples, results showed that positive orientation and self-esteem can significantly predict stress, anxiety, and depression negatively. Moderation analysis indicated that the relationship between positive orientation and stress, and the relationship between self-esteem to anxiety, depression, and stress are amplified with the presence of diagnosed psychological disorder. In conclusion, this indicates potential psychological intervention development in utilising positive orientation to assist clients with or without clinical conditions. Preventive measures towards psychological distress were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores culturally shared connotations of honor and dignity in North India and Germany. Both, honor and dignity refer to the worth of a person but have distinct psychological implications. Honor as both an independent and interdependent phenomenon varies greatly across cultural groups. Yet, a relatively large volume of research is focused on Middle Eastern, Muslim cultures. Moreover, though a rich body of literature shows that dignity can have different meanings across cultural contexts, its nuanced understanding, particularly in relation to honor, remains underexplored in cross-cultural settings. Given this, the current study expands both these concepts to India with its unique religious and structural characteristics and studies it along with the responses of participants in Germany, examining their cultural differences. Eleven focus group discussions were conducted in North India and Germany where participants discussed their personal associations of both honor and dignity. These discussions were transcribed and later thematically analyzed. The findings indicated unique themes for honor (duty, morality, status, sociability, and stoicism) and dignity (individuality, self-governance, resistance, and enrichment) with some dimensional similarities for both cultural groups, despite dissimilar language usage. Furthermore, the five themes for honor were seen to affect differently depending on its enhancement or loss and its eventual impact on the target of honor, self, or group. As for dignity, participants in both groups had difficulties distinguishing it from honor but had a clear understanding of its intrinsic nature, especially when seen in contradiction with honor. These findings have theoretical and practical implications, particularly while studying different cultural groups together. Moreover, they contribute to the literature on self-worth by refining the idea of dignity, while also expanding our multidimensional understanding of honor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to examine the associations between the desire for independence, perceived level of achievement, and relationship status. Specifically, we conducted the study with a sample of 667 Greek-speaking participants (389 women, 275 men, and three participants who did not indicate their sex) who were either single or in an intimate relationship. We employed close-ended questionnaires that included instruments developed using AI. We found that men and women who desired more independence were more likely to be voluntarily single than in an intimate relationship. Additionally, a higher desire for independence was associated with more years being single, but this effect was significant only for men. Furthermore, we found that the perceived level of achievement was not significantly associated with relationship status directly; however, higher scores in this dimension were associated with fewer years spent as single for men. Moreover, a higher perceived level of achievement was associated with a decreased probability of being involuntarily single rather than in an intimate relationship and fewer years spent as single indirectly, by being associated with higher self-esteem, which was associated with higher flirting capacity. These paths were significant for both men and women. Our findings suggest that the desire for independence and perceived achievement play an important role in explaining why some people are single and others in an intimate relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bullying is a universal problem among school-aged adolescents, characterized by recurrent and destructive behavior toward peers. Bullying victimization has a strong impact on self-esteem. Students diagnosed with communication disorders are more likely to experience low self-esteem. The study's main goal is to detect a correlation between victimization and self-esteem in teenage students diagnosed with communication disorders. Methods: From October 2023 to March 2024, we conducted this cross-sectional study in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The study included 150 teenage students of both genders diagnosed with communication disorders. Rosenberg's self-esteem scale was used to measure self-esteem, and the multidimensional peer victimization scale was used to measure bullying victimization. We analyzed the data using independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and simple linear regression analysis. Results: This study found that students with communication disorders experience high levels of bullying victimization (M = 18.63) and report low self-esteem (M = 13.56). A significant negative correlation was observed between bullying victimization and self-esteem (r2 = 0.21), indicating that bullying accounts for 21% of the variance in self-esteem. Male students were more likely to experience higher levels of bullying victimization and lower self-esteem compared to female students. Conclusion: The study determined the severe impact of bullying on the self-esteem of adolescent students with communication disorders, particularly among males and those with stuttering. The long-term effects of bullying and potential protective factors that could mitigate its impact on self-esteem require further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trajectories of neurodevelopment of children in disadvantageous situations are greatly influenced by cognitive function of the caregiver during that period. We aimed to examine whether there is any association of maternal cognitive function with the neurodevelopmental outcomes of children living in slums in Bangladesh. We enrolled 207 mother-child (12 to 42 months) dyads. Rigorously trained testers assessed children's cognitive, language, and motor development using Bayley-III and behavior using Wolke's behavior ratings. Cognitive function of mothers was measured with the modified version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Digit Span scale. Other measures included home environment, parenting practices, self-esteem, anthropometry, and socio-economic status (SES). Maternal cognitive function was positively associated with cognitive, language, and motor performance of children with or without controlling for age of the children. Additionally, parenting practice was positively associated with the domains of neurodevelopment equally. Finally, multiple linear regression analysis divulged that MMSE is a significant predictor of both cognitive and language development after controlling for possible covariates, but not for the motor development. Moreover, better home stimulation predicted improved cognitive ability and higher self-esteem of mothers predicted improved motor ability of children. Maternal cognitive function has really a significant influence on the neurodevelopment of slum-dwelling children in Bangladesh. Therefore, intervention programs need to be emphasized on maternal cognition to improve neurodevelopment of children raised in adversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Previous studies have focused on understanding the biopsychosocial implications of obesity stigma and have made proposals to minimize its negative consequences, as well as recommendations to eliminate or reduce this stigma; however, knowing which individuals stigmatize obesity and why will allow us to have a broader picture of stigmatization and thus help in planning interventions with greater impact. Objective: The aims were to describe the stigmatization toward obesity in preadolescents and adolescents and to determine whether there are differences in body dissatisfaction, abnormal eating behaviors and self-esteem among those with and without stigma toward obesity. Methods: A total of 307 preadolescents and 349 adolescents answered a set of questionnaires that evaluated abnormal eating behaviors, body dissatisfaction, self-esteem and stigma. Results: Fifty-nine percent of the participants stigmatized individuals with obesity, with preadolescents having the greatest stigma levels. Differences were observed only in body dissatisfaction, where the group of preadolescents who stigmatized individuals with obesity and the group of adolescents who did not stigmatize individuals with obesity reported higher levels of body dissatisfaction. Conclusion: Obesity is stigmatized at early ages, regardless of sex; however, preadolescents with stigma toward obesity and adolescents without stigma toward obesity have greater body dissatisfaction, indicating that body dissatisfaction plays a crucial role in the stigmatization of obesity. Level of evidence: Level V, cross-sectional analytical study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous research has shown that online social comparison can affect perceptions of self-esteem and body image. Purpose of the study: This study focussed on social comparison on Instagram and its relationship with levels of self-esteem and body-esteem. Materials and methods: Levels of self-esteem and body-esteem were measured using self-report questionnaires, before and after viewing Instagram images eliciting upward, downward, or no comparison. Results: Statistical analysis showed self-esteem and body-esteem scores significantly increased after downward comparison, with no change in scores following a neutral condition. Body-esteem scores significantly decreased after upward comparison, whilst self-esteem scores did not. Support for social comparison theory is provided. Conclusions: Future research and implications are discussed, such as educating young people about posting and viewing of overly positive images on social media. Social media organisations could provide access to resources which provide advice about mental health issues and support for individuals wanting to discuss body image issues. Future research could potentially establish if participants' views about eating change after engaging in differing levels of social comparison on Instagram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is robust evidence that social relationships are positively associated with self-esteem, but little is known about how changes in social relationships and self-esteem are associated within individuals. This longitudinal study examined the within-person association between social relationships and self-esteem and the association across developmental stages and gender. A total of 1,240 middle and high school Chinese students (636 girls; initial Mage = 13.4 years) completed measures of self-esteem and paternal, maternal, peer attachment, and teacher-student relationship three times over one year (five-month and six-month interval). Random intercept cross-lagged panel models indicated that bidirectional, within-person association between social relationships and self-esteem among adolescents varied depending on relationship sources, developmental stages, and gender. Specifically, within-person effects indicated that increases in social relationships predicted increases in self-esteem among early adolescents, while increases in self-esteem predicted increases in social relationships among middle adolescents. Moreover, within-person effects suggested that increases in maternal attachment and teacher-student relationship predicted increases in self-esteem among early male adolescents, while increases in teacher-student relationships and paternal attachment predicted increases in self-esteem among early female adolescents. These findings have important theoretical implications regarding the association between self-esteem and social relationships in adolescents and practical implications for improving adolescents’ self-esteem and social relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To synthesise the effectiveness of exercise interventions on self-perceived body image, self-esteem and self-efficacy in women diagnosed with breast cancer who are undergoing or have completed primary adjuvant treatments. Methods: A systematic review was conducted with meta-analysis and meta-regressions. Five electronic databases were searched from inception to June 2023, and hand searches were performed to explore the reference lists of similar systematic reviews. The established selection criteria were randomised clinical trials that evaluated any type of physical exercise intervention with self-perceived body image, self-esteem and self-efficacy as outcomes. No restrictions were imposed with respect to the control group. Main characteristics were extracted for each study. Meta-analyses, meta-regressions and sensitivity analyses were performed. The certainty of evidence for each outcome was graded using the GRADE approach. The risk of bias was evaluated using the RoB2 Cochrane tool. Results: Twenty studies, comprising 19 different samples (n = 2030), were included. In general, meta-analysis indicated that physical exercise interventions were not superior to controls for improving self-esteem and body image in women diagnosed with breast cancer. However, subgroup meta-analysis showed a significant difference in self-esteem improvement for resistance exercise (SMD = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.07, 0.55; p = 0.01; I2 = 0%) and supervised exercise (SMD = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.08, 0.42; p = 0.0004; I2 = 0%) compared with controls. Self-efficacy results were scarce and controversial. In addition, serious concerns were mainly detected in terms of the risk of bias and indirectness of the evidence, which caused the certainty of evidence to be very low for all outcomes. Conclusion: Supervised exercise and resistance training appear to be effective exercise modalities for improving self-esteem in women diagnosed with breast cancer. In contrast, exercise interventions are not significantly associated with improvements in body image, while results on self-efficacy are controversial. However, due to the study’s limitations, further research is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to explore the link between sexual harassment at work and mental health. Eight hundred and one women (n = 801; Mage = 40.88 years, SD 11.62, range = 18–80; 91.88% were professionally active) completed several questionnaires online concerning sexual harassment at work, psychological symptoms, and substance use habits. The results of a Mann-Whitney mean comparison showed that participants who had experienced sexual harassment at work (n = 175) were more likely to report depressive symptoms, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and burnout, than those who had not (n = 676). They were also less likely to be satisfied with the perceived social support they received. However, consumption of alcohol and cannabis, as a coping mechanism, was not implicated in sexual cases. Sexual harassment at work is associated with important psychological issues. If the association is indicative of a causal link, then providing support in developing self-esteem to people who have experienced sexual harassment in the workplace may help in the resilience and recovery process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the prevalence of breakups and the manner in which they occur can provide valuable insights into the dynamics of romantic relationships. The manner in which people choose to end relationships has evolved, with a growing number opting for a phenomenon known as ghosting, which is a dissolution strategy in which one partner abruptly ceases all communication to terminate the relationship. The goal of this study is to investigate the psychological and physiological consequences of ghosting. Data comes from two studies: one examining the psychological consequences of ghosting (N = 30) and another examining the physiological consequences of ghosting (N = 40). Results of study 1 revealed that participants reported significantly higher anxiety and lower self-esteem as a result of the ghosting experiment. Results of study 2 revealed that heart rate significantly decreased after the ghosting experiment while blood pressure increased. Additionally, compared to the control group, those who were ghosted reported higher heart rate and higher blood pressure, but no differences in cortisol. Preliminary data suggests that ghosting hinders psychological and physiological wellbeing. Additional implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engaging children and adolescents in ADHD care is critical for future independent disease management. However, there is a lack of evidence guiding health professionals and parents on how best to engage their children and adolescents in ADHD care. We recruited 41 diverse parents of children and adolescents with ADHD and 11 adolescents with ADHD from an urban, safety-net hospital to participate in in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews and then analyzed this data using thematic analysis. Children's level of illness insight about ADHD and self-esteem emerged as two major contributors to engagement of children and adolescents in ADHD care, and their intersection created four styles of engagement: proactive (high insight, high self-esteem), anxious (high insight, low self-esteem), apathetic (low insight, high self-esteem), and resistant (low insight, low self-esteem). This framework can help health professionals engage children and adolescents in care for ADHD and guide development of interventions to improve engagement in care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the effects of early youth unemployment and career unemployment on young adults' self-esteem and quality of life using the survey data from the Youth Panel of the Korea Employment Information Service collected from 2007 to 2020. The study found a stigma effect that increases the probability of career unemployment as the duration of early unemployment experienced by young adults in the entry into the labor market increases. The duration of unemployment negatively affects self-esteem, confirming a psychological stigma effect that alters the psychosocial status of individuals. In addition, unemployment duration harms the quality of life of young adults, confirming that joblessness leads to increased dissatisfaction and a decline in quality of life in many domains. Further, subsequent unemployment experiences of young adults later in their careers exacerbate the negative impact of early unemployment on self-esteem and quality of life. This study demonstrates that youth unemployment is not only a temporary setback for individuals who are not economically active but also a mechanism that exacerbates the subsequent significant socioeconomic costs of unemployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students' homework emotions greatly influence the quality of homework, learning activities, and even academic achievement and burden. Therefore, encouraging students' positive homework emotions is essential for their development. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between three types of teachers' homework feedback (checking homework on the board, grading homework, and constructive comments), students' positive and negative homework emotions in Chinese subjects while taking into account the mediating effect of academic self-esteem and gender differences in these underlying relationships. 928 elementary school students of 4–6th grade participated in this survey and completed scales. Results showed that (1) checking homework on the board and constructive comments positively impacted students' positive emotions, while checking homework on the board negatively influenced students' negative emotions. In contrast, constructive comments did not impact students' negative emotions. Furthermore, grading homework had no significant effect on students' emotions; (2) academic self-esteem mediated the relationship between teachers' homework feedback and students' homework emotions, and (3) gender moderated some underlying relationships between teachers' homework feedback, students' homework emotions, and academic self-esteem. This study has implications for teachers in designing and choosing high-quality homework feedback, encouraging students' positive homework emotions, and reducing students' negative homework emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the significance of self-esteem in various consumer behaviors has been well recognized, there is still a noticeable research gap in understanding its specific determinants, especially in the context of the purchase process. The purpose of our study is to fill this gap by elucidating the factors shaping consumers' self-esteem throughout the purchase journey utilizing our model of purchase self-esteem antecedents. Based on social exchange theory and affect theory of social exchange our model proposes that consumer brand engagement (CBE) and feelings of authentic pride play an important role in predicting self-esteem. We tested this model with longitudinal data collected at two measurement times: 1 week before a purchase (n = 111) and around 1 week after a purchase (n = 99). The longitudinal structural equation modeling results revealed that CBE elicited feelings of authentic pride, and feelings of authentic pride led to higher self-esteem. Both relationships were statistically significant within and between measurement times. The results confirmed that authentic pride mediated the relationship between CBE and self-esteem. These findings provide strong support for our model of purchase self-esteem antecedents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Future orientation is considered as a significant antecedent of adolescents' health and positive psychosocial outcomes across adolescence and adulthood. While extensive research has explored the influence of culture on predicting future orientation, individual differences within the same country remain under-examined, particularly in China. Following the construal level theory and self-regulation theory, this study explores intra-cultural variations in future orientation by examining the association between future orientation and self-construal, and the moderating effect of self-esteem on this relationship. Using a sample of 683 Chinese adolescents (48.61% girls; Mage = 15.04), this study shows that individuals with independent self-construal have a lower future orientation score than those with interdependent self-construal. Self-esteem positively predicts future orientation and moderates the relationship between self-construal and future orientation, even after controlling for individual and family- level covariates. These findings enrich our understanding of the intricate interplay between cultural influences and temporality development and underscore the potential for targeted intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]