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Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to conduct a comprehensive meta-analytic review of Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) for PTSD among military personnel and veterans. Additionally, we sought to examine potential moderators of treatment outcomes including type of comparison condition (e.g., active trauma-focused, active non-trauma-focused), CPT version (i.e., CPT with and without the written trauma account), sample type (veteran or military personnel), age, gender, and race. Methods: Nine articles with 1,804 participants were retained for this meta-analysis. Results: CPT, when compared to all comparison conditions, exhibited a medium effect on PTSD symptom reduction (Hedge's g = − 0.48, 95% CI: -1.05, 0.08). Regarding moderators, the effect was larger for non-trauma-focused active comparators versus trauma-focused active comparators (Qbetween = 16.69, pbetween < 0.001, Hedge's g = − 0.57 and − 0.14, respectively). Further, CPT with the written trauma account outperformed CPT without the written trauma account (Qbetween = 4.53, pbetween = 0.03, Hedge's g = − 0.86 and − 0.23, respectively), and veteran samples saw slightly more symptom reduction than military personnel (Qbetween = 15.50, pbetween < 0.001, Hedge's g = − 0.51 and − 0.45, respectively). Notably, age, gender, and race did not moderate the effect of CPT on PTSD. Conclusions: Findings support the continued use of CPT for PTSD symptoms among veterans and military personnel and call into question the removal of the written trauma account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although suicide is a pervasive public health issue, strong predictors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs, e.g., passive or active suicidal ideation, suicide plans, suicide attempts, etc.) are lacking. Theory suggests that attentional processes, such as attentional bias and attentional control, may contribute to STBs. Specifically, among individuals with suicidal ideation, attentional biases towards suicide-related information may increase distress. This combined with the inability to disengage and shift attention away from suicidal thoughts (i.e., deficits in attentional control) might contribute to increased risk for negative outcomes (i.e., non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal behavior). Despite this notion, there has been limited research examining associations between attentional risk factors and STBs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to examine possible associations between attentional biases and STBs and attentional control and STBs. A comprehensive literature search was conducted and a total of 20 articles were retained for this meta-analysis. A small, but significant relationship was observed between attentional bias and STBs (r =.09, 95% CI:.06,.13), but not attentional control and STBs (r = -.04, 95% CI: -.21,.12). The limited number of studies identified, and therefore low power, precluded moderator analyses from being conducted. Moreover, additional experimental and longitudinal research with diverse assessments of attentional risk factors is needed. Despite these limitations, the present study provides preliminary evidence for the association between attentional bias and STBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steady-state excitation anisotropy, lifetimes, and time-resolved emission spectra of new 2-photon absorbing fluorene derivatives were measured in aprotic solvents at room temperature. Excitation anisotropy spectra in viscous silicon oil allowed the determination of the spectral position of three electronic transitions S[sub 0] → S[sub 1], S[sub 0] → S[sub 2], S[sub 0] → S[sub 3] (S[sub i], i = 1, 2, 3 are the singlet electronic states) and the angles (≈ 30°) between absorption S[sub 0] → S[sub 1] and emission S[sub 1] → S[sub 0] dipole moments for the first electronic transition. Solvate relaxation processes in the first excited state of the investigated fluorene molecules affect the lifetimes of these states, τ[sub 1], so that experimental values of τ[sub 1] do not correspond to those calculated by Strickler and Berg theory. The influence of the molecular concentration on the fluorescence quantum yields and τ[sub 1] have been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]