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Objectives: Mindfulness has been proposed as a potential intervention for eating disorders (EDs). However, a better understanding of the relationships between state mindfulness and restrictive ED symptoms for those with anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa (AN-spectrum) is needed to design effective mindfulness-based interventions. Additionally, individualized longitudinal modeling of state mindfulness and ED behaviors could inform development of personalized mindfulness-based interventions for those with AN-spectrum disorders. Methods: Participants (n = 18; 784 data points per participant; 14,112 data points) with AN-spectrum disorders completed four daily ecological momentary assessments of ED behaviors, nonjudgment, acceptance, and present-moment awareness for 14 days. Contemporaneous and temporal group-level and idiographic (i.e., one-person, individual) networks were calculated to identify associations among mindfulness variables and ED behaviors. Results: In contemporaneous networks (i.e., within a single timepoint), present-moment awareness was negatively associated with eating small meals but positively associated with avoiding foods due to anxiety. Acceptance was positively associated with eating small meals. In temporal networks, nonjudgment was negatively associated with following eating rules and avoiding foods due to anxiety, whereas acceptance negatively predicted restriction prospectively. Idiographic networks were heterogenous; state mindfulness facets demonstrated positive and negative associations with ED behaviors depending on the individual. Conclusions: At the group level, state mindfulness tends to relate to lower engagement in restrictive ED behaviors over time. High heterogeneity in individual networks illustrates the need for personalized assessment of relationships between state mindfulness and ED behaviors. These types of methodologies can lead to the development of personalized mindfulness-based interventions for those with AN-spectrum disorders. Preregistration: This study is not preregistered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Affective response to exercise (i.e., how individuals feel during- and post-exercise) as well as post-behavioral evaluations of affective experiences with exercise (i.e., reflecting on the experience after engaging in exercise) may be important determinants of regular exercise. Purpose: We compared post-exercise affective response and post-behavioral evaluations of exercise between a physically active and underactive group. Physically active (n = 32) and underactive (n = 25) participants completed a 10-minute treadmill bout of vigorous exercise and reported affective valence, positive activated affect, negative activated affect, calmness, fatigue and relief at various points during and/or after the bout. Results:As expected, both groups reported an improvement in affective valence immediately post-exercise (ps < 0.001). This improvement in affective valence was associated with a concurrent decrease in negative affect (ps < 0.05) for the physically underactive group and was only associated with a concurrent increase in positive affect (ps < 0.02) for the active group. There were significant differences between physically active and underactive groups in pre-post exercise changes in positive activated affect (ps < 0.005). The underactive group reported greater relief than the active group at all-post exercise time-points (ps < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings have implications for understanding post-exercise affective response and post-behavioral evaluations of exercise and for interventions directed at influencing the post-exercise affective response and behavioral evaluations of exercise in physically underactive individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Higher trait mindfulness (i.e., bringing one's attention to the present moment with an attitude of acceptance and non-judgment) is associated with lower eating disorder (ED) psychopathology. However, it is not yet clear how mindfulness results in lower ED psychopathology. One possibility is that mindfulness may decrease body checking, particularly in individuals who are high in ED psychopathology. The current study tests the relationships between mindfulness facets and body checking, and the extent to which these relationships are moderated by ED psychopathology. Methods: College students (N = 805, 76.7% female, mean age = 20.0) completed the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Body Checking Questionnaire, and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire electronically. Results: Higher acting with awareness, non-judging, and non-reactivity were uniquely associated with lower body checking, whereas higher observing was uniquely associated with higher body checking. The relation between non-judging and body checking was stronger for individuals who were higher in ED psychopathology. Conclusions: All mindfulness facets, except describing, show potential as processes that can be altered to reduce body checking, particularly for individuals higher in ED psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disinhibited eating (i.e., emotional and external eating), as well as associated features such as binge eating, bulimic symptoms, and eating concern are inversely associated with the mindfulness facets of acting with awareness, observing, and non-reactivity. However, it is unclear whether higher mindfulness is a precursor to lower disinhibited eating behaviors and symptoms or whether lower disinhibited eating behaviors and symptoms are a precursor to higher mindfulness (or both). The current study examined if acting with awareness, non-reactivity, and observing (describing and non-judging were not assessed) prospectively predicted several disinhibited eating features (emotional eating, external eating, bulimic symptoms, binge eating, and eating concern) and vice-versa across 6 months. Young adult women ( N = 300) completed measures of these constructs at baseline and 6 months later. Non-reactivity inversely predicted binge eating and bulimic symptoms across 6 months. Observing predicted higher external and emotional eating across 6 months. In the opposite direction, disinhibited eating did not predict observing, non-reactivity, or acting with awareness. Interventions focusing on increasing non-reactivity could be effective in preventing and treating binge eating and bulimic symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the efficacy and safety of bariatric surgery in treating morbid obesity. It examines the contribution of several factors to the completion of the surgery including no current tobacco use, few psychological comorbidities and medical appointments. It also notes that the candidates for bariatric surgery should sign up for medical orientation.

Acute pancreatitis is a known, although rare, complication of mesalamine treatment. This complication typically appears within the first days or weeks after initiation of therapy. We describe two cases of acute pancreatitis that occurred after long term mesalamine therapy for ulcerative colitis. A rechallenge, performed in both patients, confirmed the diagnosis of mesalamine-induced pancreatitis. These case reports provide evidence that 5-aminosalicylic acid may induce acute pancreatitis after long term treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]