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Microbial resistance to antibiotics is a serious challenge for both medicine and veterinary. Several mechanisms of antibiotic resistance development are known. Although, there are some approaches to overcome this threat, no final solution has been found yet. In this context, herbal preparations are of great interest due to their high therapeutic value, synergistic abilities with known antibiotics, and few side effects. Literature data suggest a number of plant species with antimicrobial properties against pathogenic, non-pathogenic, antibiotic-susceptible and resistant microbial strains. The present review considers literature data published within the last ten years concerning the most studied plant species of Lamiaceae family, possessing remarkable antimicrobial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the results of broadband observations of distant blazar PKS 0537-286 (z = 3.1) using data spanning more than ten years from the Fermi Large Area Telescope together with Swift UVOT/XRT archival data taken between 2005 and 2017. In the γ -ray band, the peak flux above 100 MeV, Fγ = (6 23 ± 0 56) ∙ 10-7 photon cm-2 s-1 observed on MJD 57874 within one week, corresponds to Lγ = 2 46 ∙ 1049 erg s-1 isotropic γ -ray luminosity. The Swift XRT data analyses show that the X-ray emission is characterized by a significantly hard photon index, ΓX-ray ≤ 1.3 , and an X-ray flux of 4 ∙ 10-12 erg cm-2 s-1, which is almost constant over twelve years. The spectral energy distribution is modeled within one-zone leptonic models assuming the emission region is within the broad-line region. The observed X-ray and γ -ray data are modeled as inverse Compton scattering of (i) only synchrotron photons and (ii) synchrotron and external photons on the electron population that produces the radioto-optical emission. The modeling shows that the nonthermal electrons in the jet of PKS 0537-286 have a hard power-law index (<1.9) and that the jet should be particle dominated with a luminosity within 1045-1046 erg s-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B3 1343 + 451 is a distant (z = 2.534) and bright flat-spectrum radio quasar observed in the γ -ray band. The results from the multiwavelength observations of B3 1343 + 451 with Fermi-LAT and Swift are reported. In the γ -ray band, strong flares were observed on 05 December 2011 and on 13 December 2009 when the flux increased up to (8.78 ± 0.83)·10-7 photon cm-2 s-1. The hardest photon index Γ = 1.73 ± 0.24 has been observed on MJD 58089 which is not common for flat-spectrum radio quasars. The analysis of Swift XRT data shows that in 2014 the X-ray flux of the source increased ~2 times as compared to 2009, but in both periods the X-ray emission is characterized by a hard photon index of ΓX-ray = 1.2–1.3. During the γ -ray flares, the shortest flux halving timescale was ~2.34 days, implying the emission had been produced in a very compact region, R ≤ δ ct /(1 + z) = 3.43·1016 cm (when δ = 20). The spectral energy distribution of B3 1343 + 451 is modeled during the quiescent and flaring periods assuming a compact emitting region outside the BLR. It is found that the flares can be explained by only changing the bulk Lorentz factor of the emitting region without significant modification of the emitting electron parameters and luminosity of the jet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of analysis of approximately 3 years of gamma-ray observations (August 2008-July 2011) of the radio galaxy Centaurus A with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi LAT) are presented. By modeling the surrounding (background) sources including the giant lobes of Centaurus A, and using the standard binned likelihood analysis method, the energy spectrum of the core is derived. In the energy range below several GeV it is described by a single power-law with photon index Γ = 2.73 ± 0.06 in agreement with the report of the Fermi LAT collaboration based on the first 10 months observations of the source. However, at higher energies the new data show significant excess above the extrapolation of the energy spectrum from low energies. The total flux between 200 MeV to 50 GeV is estimated to be (1.63 ± 0.14) × 10 ph cm s. The comparison of the corresponding Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) at GeV energies with the SED in the TeV energy band reported by the H.E.S.S. collaboration shows that we deal with two or perhaps even three components of gamma-radiation originating from different regions located within the central 10 kpc of Centaurus A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), in a few seconds, release luminosities (in gamma-rays) comparable to the luminosity of all stars in the observable Universe, which makes them detectable to the dawn of galaxy and stellar formation. One of the most striking observational properties of some of these sources is that they are accompanied by a supernova (SN) of type Ic, traditionally called GRB-SN association or connection. The GRB-SN association, probably the most constraining property of GRB theoretical models, is the subject of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a procedure for mathematical treatment of the spectra of complexes between ligands and DNA, which allows us to determine the position of the isosbestic point with high precision. As a specific example, we consider the absorption spectra of ethidium bromide complexes titrated against a DNA solution. As a result of using the method, besides the main type of binding we have identified the appearance of additional types of binding between the ethidium bromide and DNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]