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An integrated pest management strategy was implemented to cope with the invasion of Hoplochelus marginalis in Réunion in 1981. The strategy, which replaced chemical management using a pesticide (chlorpyrifos), consisted in designing and adopting a biocontrol strategy based on the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria, developed in collaboration with growers, millers, local organizations (research, development, administration), and society. The question was to evaluate how to adopt such a strategy which could affect the socio-environmental context 30 years later. ImpresS (Impact of Research in the South) was the methodology used to identify and collect the data. The description of the innovation process began with a review of the literature and was then improved using personal and group interviews with growers, local organizations, and other stakeholders. Seventy interviews were conducted with growers and stakeholders. The results showed immediate positive economic impacts for growers, the local sugar sector and the companies distributing the innovation's two commercial products, namely Betel and sporised rice. Another impact was environmental, with a constant reduction in water pollution by the insecticide as there was no more insecticide applied on sugarcane. Among the indirect impacts, using a successful biological technique promoted the quality of the sugar sold on the international market. Other impacts were seen at international level, such as the renewal of European Union subsidies. This retrospective review represents a model for other sugar-producing countries to assist in analysing and understanding the adoption a successful strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interactions between male Nauphoeta cinerea cockroaches are characterized by an elaborate ritual that leads to a stable dominant–subordinate hierarchy between two individuals. Chemical signals involving volatile sex pheromones and cuticular hydrocarbons play an important role in establishing and maintaining dominance status. The present study was performed to identify cuticular hydrocarbons in two- and three-times dominant or subordinate individuals obtained by forcing dyadic encounters. Two methods, i.e., solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and organic solvent extraction, were used to isolate cuticular hydrocarbons. A total of 23 peaks of cuticular hydrocarbons were identified. Analysis showed quantitative differences in hydrocarbon profiles of three-times dominant and subordinate individuals according to extraction method and dominance status. Dominant individuals were characterized by higher proportions of the monomethylalkanes 11- and 13-MeC36, 13- and 15-MeC38, and 11-, 13-, and 15-MeC35, while subordinate individuals had higher proportions of the following monomethylalkanes: 7-, 9-, and 11-MeC31, 5-MeC31, 3- and 8-MeC32, and 9-, 10- , 11-, and 12-MeC32. Discussion focuses on the reliability of hydrocarbons as indicators of dominance status and on their correlation with physiological processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]