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This research shows the light effects and geometric alignments created by the sunlight passing through the stained glasses of the Eastern rose window in Mallorca cathedral and projecting on the inner side of the cathedral's main façade. Besides, we show other novel effects which occur in coincidence with certain religious festivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regarding drawing perspective, Spanish tradition has hidden singularities that greatly distinguish it from other European traditions. Spanish tradition, however, simultaneously nurtures ideas from these traditions, such as those of Italy and France, creating multiple variations and novelties. This study presents a brief journey through the lesser-known exempla, which are lesser studied in the scientific community. The study focuses on the 'angular perspective' by architect Hernán Ruiz the Younger (el Joven), the innovative construction of figures in perspective by the carpenter Antonio de Torreblanca and the singular contributions to the anonymous manuscript Artes Exçelençias dela Perspectiba. All three studies are similar in that they feature novel and heterodox premises within the general theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persian architecture is characterised by shapes and patterns, which can be analysed through mathematical models. Beside 2D patterns, many of the traditional geometric ornaments are realised on 3D surfaces such as domes or vaults. Literature mainly addresses the 3D problem by means of a 2D scheme, which is an important and synthetic representation but is not exhaustive and lacks of clarity. This paper proposes a framework based on the integration of 2D drawings, as in the traditional approach, and a photogrammetric 3D model based on a sample of standard resolution images (tourist pictures). The framework is tested on a muqarnas, a characteristic Persian ornament, in order to study and analyse its modular design and hierarchy of elements. As a case study, the entrance iwan of the Shah Mosque in Isfahan, Iran, is considered. The result is a link between the 3D patterns and the geometry of architectural elements, which completes and overcomes their schematic 2D representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cylindrical mirror surfaces fall into the group of reflecting surfaces that give a distorted image of an object. However, if the object is designed according to the laws of optical geometry, in a way that its mirror image is conceived in advance, then this is anamorphosis. The objective of the present study is to emphasise the potential of cylindrical mirror anamorphosis, in the context of change in the urban-architectural ambience. In this respect it is necessary to obtain a constructive, geometrically correct solution of the 3D model of cylindrical-mirror anamorphosis, whereby the mirror surface is a vertical rotating cylinder. This topic is the primary focus of the present research. In addition, the conditions for change in the anamorphic form were analysed, and its possible functions in architecture were identified. Various examples of existing buildings with cylindrical mirror elements, in respect of which it was possible to construct and apply these types of anamorphoses, were used. The method of constructive perspective and the laws of optical geometry were applied. Analyses were made on the basis of experiments and using AutoCAD 3D methods to analyse the mirror anamorphosis of a cube and octahedron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]