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The distribution and time trend of organochlorine pesticide (OCP), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), and polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxin/polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/PCDF) concentrations in human milk samples from Croatia collected in 1981–2003 are presented. Between 1981/1982 and 1987/1989, the concentrations of HCB, β-HCH, DDE, and total PCBs decreased about 50%, while for the last decade, the concentrations have been decreasing very slowly. In 2002/2003 the range of PCB congeners and OCPs was from below the limit of determination to 332 ng g−1 milk fat. PCDD/PCDF concentrations in human milk samples collected in 1981–2000 ranged between 5.2 and 26.7 pg I-TEQ g−1 milk fat and showed a decreasing trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matrix–matched environmental certified reference materials (CRMs) are one of the most useful tools to validate analytical methods, assess analytical laboratory performance and to assist in the resolution of data conflicts between laboratories. This paper describes the development of a lake sediment as a CRM for polychorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DLPCBs). The presence of DLPCBs in the environment is of increased concern and analytical methods are being developed internationally for monitoring DLPCBs in the environment. This paper also reports the results of an international interlaboratory study involving thirty-five laboratories from seventeen countries, conducted to characterize and validate levels of a sediment reference material for PCDDs, PCDFs and DLPCBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on polychiorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochiorine pesticides (OCPs) in vegetation samples collected in Croatia. PCBs and OCPs are ubiquitous environmental pollutants throughout the world. The lack of information about the distribution of organochiorine compounds in the vegetation in Croatia initiated a pilot analysis of needles and leaves collected from different sites in the country. Samples of different trees were collected at the same site in order to compare the difference in accumulation capacity of various trees.

Five dimethylphosphorothioates were tested for their toxicity to rats, potentiation of malathion toxicity in rats, inhibition of carboxylesterase in vitro, and reaction with malathion in vitro. The compounds were: potassium salts of (CHS)P(O)O(I), (CHO)(CHS)P(O)S(II), (CHO)P(O)S(III), (CHO)P(S)S(IV), and (CHO)(CHS)P(O)O(V). The dimethylphosphorothioates are not toxic to rats (up to 1 g/kg, orally), they do not potentiate malathion toxicity in rats, and do not inhibit carboxylesterase activity in vitro (up to 1 mM concentrations). However, when the S-acid diesters (II, III, IV) are incubated with malathion for several days at room temperature or for several hours at 50° C they become methylated forming the trimethylphosphorothioates OSS-trimethyl phosphorodithioate, OOS-trimethyl phosphorothioate and OOS-trimethyl phosphorodithioate respectively, which potentiate malathion toxicity. Furthermore, these same acid diesters increase the rate of isomerization of malathion into OS-dimethyl-S-(1,2-dicarbethoxyethyl) phosphorodithioate (isomalathion) particularly, diester IV. The formation of the trimethylphosphorothioates and isomalathion from the interaction of the S-acid diesters with malathion was determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and could be detected by in vitro inhibition of carboxylesterase. TLC methods can detect 1 mg of the trimethylphosphorothioates and isomalathion per gram malathion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of Toxicology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a study which investigates the environmental effect of phthalazine. The study estimates water solubility, vapor pressure, and Henry's constant using QSAR systems, and the distribution of phthalazine in the environment with the use of Neely 100-day distribution pattern in QSAR system. Results show that phthalazine is classified as slightly toxic to the aquatic organisms, and its toxicity to terrestrial plants is moderate with phytotoxic effects.

Copyright of Unfallchirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für die Gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Auf Grund eines Falles von ausgedehnter Nekrosebildung im Rückenmark werden die in der Literatur unter dem Namen Myelitis necroticans veröffentlichten Fälle kritisch gesichtet. Dabei wurde festgestellt, daß von den 9 Fällen nur 3 schwere Gefäßveränderungen zeigen, wie sie Foix und Alajouanine bei ihren Fällen beschrieben. Auf die Ähnlichkeit der Rückenmarksparenchymveränderungen mit denen bei Neuromyelitis optica wird hingewiesen. Schließlich findet sich in dem beschriebenen Falle ein ausgedehntes Magenulcus, das mit den schweren Veränderungen des Rückenmarkes in Höhe des 7., 8. und 9. Thorakalsegmentes in ursächlichen Zusammenhang gebracht wird. So spricht auch dieser Fall wieder für eine spinale Genese des Ulcus ventriculi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]