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Purpose: Intimate partner violence (IPV) tends to increase for African immigrant women upon arrival in the United States because of adjustment and acculturation stress, non-citizen status, language barriers, economic insecurity, and lack of social support. The aim of this study was to speak directly with African immigrant women living in the same U.S. urban community and ask them about their perceptions of IPV. Authors posit that by learning more about IPV perceptions from African immigrant women, we can contribute to the literature on African immigrant women's experiences and, using transnational intersectionality theory, we can identify how social service providers may use these perceptions to create more inclusive and effective services for African immigrant women experiencing IPV. Method: Community-based participatory focus groups and interpretive phenomenology were used to understand the perceptions of IPV from 22 women (10 Ethiopian immigrant women and 12 immigrant women from various French speaking countries in Africa). Cultural brokers helped with the development of research questions, recruitment materials, interview process, and the review of interview transcripts. Results: Women reported concerns and barriers precipitated by intersections of culture and patriarchy, judgment from others, and fear of losing financial support. Findings also show that perceptions of IPV and decision-making to seek help were influenced by factors associated with their countries of origin as well as their host country, the United States. Conclusions: It is important for clinicians to understand the ways in which culture, ethnicity, and transnational perspectives intersect with responses to IPV and use this to inform and support services for these populations. Implications are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing antifouling coatings for marine environments rely on the toxicity of copper and small-molecule additives to prevent organism growth. These come with a myriad of environmental and health-related risks, as these additives inevitably leach into seawater. Enzyme-based antifouling polymers have tremendous potential as part of an environmentally innocuous antifouling strategy, but have not yet been commercially realized. Biofouling begins with small molecules and polymers that initiate settlement for larger organisms. Using an enzymatic coating to rapidly hydrolyze these compounds could reduce the surface concentration of these attractive polymers and prevent organism growth. Here, antifouling xylanase and lysing complex enzymes were covalently tethered to surfaces using isoindolinone groups and click chemistry. We found that xylanase and lysing complex continue to hydrolyze xylosidic bonds in hemicellulose polysaccharides after covalent tethering, and the coating maintained activities of > 80% and > 50%, respectively, after 2 months while submerged in artificial seawater, demonstrating this material's potential as an eco-friendly antifouling coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication about sex between mothers and daughters is important when preparing adolescents for adulthood. Yet, Black immigrant mothers are more reluctant to discuss sex related topics with their daughters, possibly motivated by discomfort, feeling ill-prepared, or the culturally taboo nature of such conversations. Despite the documented health disparity, the extant literature regarding sexual and reproductive health among Black immigrant women remains insufficient. The study will explore the narratives of Black adult immigrant daughters, their retrospective report of what their mothers told them about sex, and how these messages impacted them in adulthood. Findings indicate that daughters felt that their mothers used fear to deter them from having premarital sex but did not directly educate them about sex. Daughters also felt that their lack of knowledge about sex negatively impacted them as adults. Clinical implications are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Models of gauged U 1 L μ − L τ can provide a solution to the long-standing discrepancy between the theoretical prediction for the muon anomalous magnetic moment and its measured value. The extra contribution is due to a new light vector mediator, which also helps to alleviate an existing tension in the determination of the Hubble parameter. In this article, we explore ways to probe this solution via the scattering of solar neutrinos with electrons and nuclei in a range of experiments and considering high and low solar metallicity scenarios. In particular, we reevaluate Borexino constraints on neutrino-electron scattering, finding them to be more stringent than previously reported, and already excluding a part of the (g − 2)μ explanation with mediator masses smaller than 2 × 10−2 GeV. We then show that future direct dark matter detectors will be able to probe most of the remaining solution. Due to its large exposure, LUX-ZEPLIN will explore regions with mediator masses up to 5 × 10−2 GeV and DARWIN will be able to extend the search beyond 10−1 GeV, thereby covering most of the area compatible with (g − 2)μ. For completeness, we have also computed the constraints derived from the recent XENON1T electron recoil search and from the CENNS-10 LAr detector, showing that none of them excludes new areas of the parameter space. Should the excess in the muon anomalous magnetic moment be confirmed, our work suggests that direct detection experiments could provide crucial information with which to test the U 1 L μ − L τ solution, complementary to efforts in neutrino experiments and accelerators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Families affected by liminal legality frequently face unique stressors leading to increased mental health risks. As such, it is imperative that clinicians working with mixed-status Latinx families have an understanding of the types of liminal legality and how the various types of may affect family members differently. While not an exhaustive list, we highlight and describe three types of liminal status that commonly effect the families we see in our practice as couple and family therapists; Deferred Action for Early Arrivals (DACA), Temporary Protective Status (TPS) and Lawful Permanent Residents (LPR). We offer six considerations for helping therapist increase their effectiveness and help mitigate stressors when working with mixed-status Latinx families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to assess the potential effectiveness, acceptability and feasibility of a brief smoking cessation intervention delivered as part of cervical screening. A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted with clinic week as the unit of randomisation, comparing a group (n=121) receiving brief smoking cessation advice supplemented with written information given by practice nurses during cervical smear test appointments, with a group (n=121) not receiving this advice. Outcomes were intention to stop smoking (potential effectiveness); intention to attend for future cervical screening (acceptability); duration of intervention (feasibility). 172/242 (71%) and 153/242 (63%) participants completed 2-week and 10-week follow-ups, respectively. Compared to women in the control group, those in the intervention group had higher intentions to stop smoking at 2-weeks (adjusted mean difference 0.51, 95% CI: -0.02 to 1.03, P=0.06) and 10-weeks (adjusted mean difference 0.80, 95% CI 0.10 to 1.50, P=0.03). The two groups had similarly high intentions to attend for future screening. Consultations in the intervention arm took a mean of 4.98 min (95% CI: 3.69 to 6.27; P<0.001) longer than the control arm. In conclusion, brief smoking cessation advice given by practice nurses as part of cervical screening seems acceptable, feasible and potentially effective. Evidence is lacking on the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of this intervention in achieving biochemically validated smoking cessation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error in the co-author name. The author name should be Jeffrey B. Jackson instead it was published incorrectly as Jeffrey Jackson. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central Kentucky could be considered a critical source area of nutrients in water ways because of low permeability soils, fast groundwater flow through bedrock fractures, and pervasive agriculture and development. Of particular concern is rising development in rural areas, which creates mixed land cover (MLC) watersheds, i.e., watersheds with development, agriculture, and other land cover types. MLC watersheds add complexity to spatial and temporal releases of dissolved constituents, leading to less predictable water quality patterns. The goal of this research was to examine the export of dissolved substances from a small, upland MLC catchment in central Kentucky with a focus on how the interaction between discharges from developed agricultural land cover and groundwater influence base flow water quality. Our approach was to spatially sample a representative catchment monthly over 1 year, characterize the major dissolved constituents, and evaluate catchment processes with statistical analyses and Piper diagrams. Principal component analysis, factor analysis, and Piper diagrams indicate base flow was composed of groundwater influenced by two different host rocks and an outfall draining a developed region. Base flow nutrient export was dominated by mixing nitrate-sulfate rich groundwater with ammonium-phosphate-chloride rich outfall drainage. High nitrate groundwater dominated nitrogen export in the winter, whereas high ammonium outfall drainage dominated summer export. Spatial analysis revealed that ~ 10% of the basin may have similar land cover and hydrologic processes, suggesting that MLC catchments are small but collectively significant nitrogen sources to river networks due to development and agriculturally impacted groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives:To evaluate the differences in environmental sound, illumination and physiological parameters in the Boekelheide Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (BNICU), which was designed to comply with current recommendations and standards, as compared with a conventional neonatal intensive care unit (CNICU).Study Design:Prospectively designed observational study.Result:Median sound levels in the unoccupied BNICU (37.6 dBA) were lower than the CNICU (42.1 dBA, P<0.001). Median levels of minimum (6.4 vs 48.4 lux, P<0.05) and maximum illumination (357 vs 402 lux, P<0.05) were lower in the BNICU. A group of six neonates delivered at 32 weeks gestation showed significantly less periodic breathing (14 vs 21%) and awake time (17.6 vs 29.3%) in the BNICU as compared to the CNICU.Conclusion:Light and sound were both significantly reduced in the BNICU. Care in the BNICU was associated with improved physiological parameters.Journal of Perinatology (2007) 27, S20–S28; doi:10.1038/sj.jp.7211838 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some assay publications cited in past volumes of this Series allude to use, especially with RP-packings or CSP's, of a non-ambient temperature; but irritatingly, few indicate why. Part II gives further literature and reinforces the view that there may be bioanalytical benefit, especially in respect of resolution or intererants, from empirical trial of unorthodox temperatures. It is vital that such trials be adequately reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]