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Intervention studies in humans provide the highest level of evidence in the assessment of the effect of nutrients or bioactive food components on human health /disease. There are different intervention study designs, and their selection depends on the objectives of the study. Here we present the main designs and the factors that should be considered when selecting and developing them., Spanish Carotenoid Network (CaRed) funded by the Spanish MINECO (Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness) grants BIO2015-71703-REDT and BIO2017-90877-REDT, the European Carotenoid Network (EuroCaroten) funded by the European Commission COST Action CA15136 and Instituto de Salud Carlos III-ERDF grant PI16/01991.