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The Internet of Things (IoT) is evolving in various sectors such as industries, healthcare, smart homes, and societies. Billions and trillions of IoT devices are used in e-health systems, known as the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), to improve communication processes in the network. Scientists and researchers have proposed various methods and schemes to ensure automatic monitoring, communication, diagnosis, and even operating on patients at a distance. Several researchers have proposed security schemes and approaches to identify the legitimacy of intelligent systems involved in maintaining records in the network. However, existing schemes have their own performance issues, including delay, storage efficiency, costs, and others. This paper proposes trusted schemes that combine mean and subjective logic aggregation methods to compute the trust of each communicating device in the network. Additionally, the network maintains a blockchain of legitimate devices to oversee the trusted devices in the network. The proposed mechanism is further verified and analyzed using various security metrics, such as reliability, trust, delay, beliefs, and disbeliefs, in comparison to existing schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Industrial IoT is starting an enormous advancement occasion in the industrial epoch. Data security as well as privacy becomes a challenge in almost every field in the real life for the duration of monitoring and collection of data in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications. The security and privacy of data in IIoT depends on the user's reliability that can be obtained by using the user authentication scheme otherwise unable to secure the IIoT applications data. Many authors have proposed the user authentication schemes in industrial internet of things who suffer from some hindrances such as data security, throughput, single point of failure, storage problem and latency (due to which increases the eavesdropping attacks chances). Therefore, to eliminate the above security issues, this paper proposes a new hybrid authentication approach instead of that also increases the throughput of IIoT applications, reduces the latency as well as enhances the accuracy of IIoT users. To create smart contracts of user authentication approaches by using the PKI and ECC algorithms, whereas it helps to achieve the privacy preservation. Instead of that, ECC that constructs the trustworthy user authentication blockchain scheme which enhance the privacy further as well as helps to maintain the number of keys along, every time keys are updated continuously. Moreover, we implement the proposed approach on the Ethereum blockchain and put all the data through smart contract on the decentralized IPFS cloud server which is transparent, secure, traceable, and storage utilization. Only authenticated users can interface with IIoT applications, even if someone tries to corrupt them, and then revoke the digital certificate from the user. It will be known from the performance of this paper that the proposed approach not only provides the privacy of the users but also obtains the high authentication accuracy, throughput and reduces the latency in comparison of existing approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People communicate in a variety of ways via multimedia through the propagation of various techniques. Nowadays, variety of multimedia frameworks or techniques is used in various applications such as industries, software processing, vehicles and medical systems. The usage of multimedia frameworks in healthcare systems makes it possible to process, record and store huge amount of information generated by various medical records. However, the processing and management of huge records of every individual lead to overload the security risk and human efforts. The aim of this paper is to propose a secure and efficient technique that helps the medical organizations to process every record of individuals in a secure and efficient way. The proposed mechanism is validated against various security and processing metrics over conventional mechanisms such as Response Time, Message Alteration Record, Trusted Classification Accuracy and Record Accuracy. The analyzed results claim the significant improvement of proposed mechanism as compare to other schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial IoT in the advancement of organizations consigns to the next level in order to trace and manage every single activity of their entities. However, the interdependence, implementation and communication among such wireless devices also known as IoT devices that lead to various secrecy and personnel concerns. Even though the use of smart sensors in industries assists and reduces human efforts with the increased quality besides of enhanced production cost. Several attacks may further encountered by various attackers by hacking several sensors/objects/devices activities. In this paper, in order to preserve transparency and secure each and every activity of smart sensors, we have proposed a secure wireless mechanism using Blockchain technology that stores extorted proceedings of each record into number of blocks. Further, the simulation results of proposed blockchain mechanism are executed against various security transmission processes. In addition, the simulated results are scrutinized besides traditional mechanism and verified over certain metrics such as Probability of attack success, ease of attack detection by the system, falsification attack, authentication delay and probabilistic scenarios to appraise the authenticity of IoT devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile crowd sourcing offers a way for an organization to gain afar their "base of minds" of workforce offers in the form of idea competitions or innovation contests where task is divided among individuals to achieve a pooled result using mobile devices. However, mobile crowd sourcing consequence to an urban bias in addition to other key challenging issues such as safety, privacy and connectivity or data fault tolerance. Fault tolerance in mobile crowd sourcing is a property to tolerate any fault related to data collected or the working of the system. Further, it is needed to ensure a secure resilient mechanism due to de-centralized behavior of the network. In this paper, we have proposed a resilient-improved two-stage auction (ITA) and blockchain mechanism in mobile crowd sourcing beneficial for the organizations. The resilient technique and secure scheme is beneficial for the organizations that select the workers according to their budget and time. Further, an akka API tool is implemented upon already existing mobile crowd sourcing technique i.e. ITA. The proposed resilient mechanism is initially implemented over. The proposed resilient ITA mechanism is analyzed over further crowd sourcing mechanisms needed for workers selection in order to benefit the organizations. Further, the resilient-ITA is measured against database connection loss that is considered as a promising type of fault occurring during the workers selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, we have considered the number of security concerns at different aspects of network communication in hybrid (centralized or distributed) cognitive radio network cell environment by distributing it into inter-domain and intra-domain. We have identified and resolved the routing and handoff process threats in both the domains by proposing a secure communication framework. The intra-domain security threats include routing and handoff CU attacks that are firmed by a Trust Analyzer which computes the TV/TF of each transmitting node or CU. Further, the inter-domain security mechanism efficiently recognized the malicious behavior of the handoff CU during real time communication by proposing a ticket based mechanism. For this, an authentication server is liable for generating and distributing the tickets to all the handoff users by verifying their authenticity. The proposed framework is validated against conventional security mechanism over certain networking parameters such as network throughput, packet delivery ratio, packet loss ratio, falsification attack, average authentication, maximum authentication and probabilistic scenarios of authentication mechanism for both the domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have demoralized the transmission processing concerns of fog nodes and IoT device layer attack during the handoff (mobility) of IoT devices in the fog environment. A secure routed and handoff mechanism is proposed in order to avoid the attack by exploring the trust value and rating of each fog IoT and fog nodes/devices based on their communication behaviour. A trust manager is established between fog layer and IoT layer that keeps the record of all fog nodes in its look-up table and detects the malicious fog and IoT nodes. Further, the fog nodes computes rating of their service requested IoT layer and routed the services through highly trusted possible path. The proposed mechanism is validated against conventional security approaches over certain networking parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the biggest challenges in political mayhem is visible during the election process where no stone is kept unturned in order to gain the power. Further, due to poll violence and waiting in the long queues to cast their votes, numbers of common citizens avoid the voting process completely in order to evade the chaos. In order to reduce these issues or to increase the voting rate, number of smart based or IoT enabled voting applications has been projected by various authors. However, IoT devices can be easily compromised or hacked by the experts (intruders) in order to gain their own access. Therefore, to ensure an enhanced secure and transparent polling process, Blockchain plays a vital role in ensuring the legit votes and their counting without their manipulation in any way. It is also needed in today's times where the world is available to people in their IoT or smart devices to also give them the opportunity to register their votes hassle free via their smart devices without having to worry about the system getting hacked. Therefore, in this paper, the proposed layout will be based on an enhanced security through Blockchain in E-voting application using IoT devices where the user will create an account with proper verification done via voter id and other biometric methods on a smart device. Every transaction done via this account which in this case will be registering vote will be validated by a miner. The proposed Blockchain mechanism for E-polling using IoT devices is again validated and verified through several parameters such as response time, resource utilization and request processed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the propagation of technology in recent years, people communicate in a range of ways via multimedia. The use of multimedia technique in healthcare system also makes it possible to store, process and transfer the patient's data presented in variety of forms such as images, text and audio through online using various smart objects. Healthcare organizations around the world are transforming themselves into more efficient, coordinated and user-centered systems through various multimedia techniques. However, the management of huge amount data such as reports and images of every person leads to increase the human efforts and security risks. In order to overcome these issues, IoT in healthcare enhances the quality of patients care and reduce the cost by allocating the medical resources in an efficient way. However, a number of threats can occur in IoT devices initiated by various intruders. Sometimes, in order to make their personal profit, even though the medical shop or pathology labs are not of good reputation, the doctors forced the patients to do the lab tests, or buy the medicines from those organizations only. Therefore, security should be at the staple of outlook in IoT elucidations. In order to prevent these issues, Blockchain technology has been encountered as the best technique that provides the secrecy and protection of control system in real time conditions. In this manuscript, we will provide a security framework of healthcare multimedia data through blockchain technique by generating the hash of each data so that any change or alteration in data or breaching of medicines may be reflected in entire blockchain network users. The results have been analyzed against conventional approach and validated with improved simulated results that offer 86% success rate over product drop ratio, falsification attack, worm hole attack and probabilistic authentication scenarios because of Blockchain technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have proposed a secure handoff procedure by generating and assessing the tickets for each mesh client which are divided among various zones of mesh routers depending on their transmission range. Further, a trusted third party authentication server is proposed that is responsible for generating and assigning the tickets of each mesh client which are stored distributively at mesh routers. However, during the mobility whenever the range of current serving mesh router decreases, the mesh client needs to connect to a foreign mesh router by authenticating itself in order to continue its network services. The foreign mesh router validates the authenticity of its handoff mesh client by verifying its ticket. The proposed mechanism reduces the potential issue of storage overhead and security threats at mesh clients as all the tickets are stored distributively in the database of each mesh router. The proposed technique is validated with a commercial simulator NS2 over certain network parameters and different probabilistic scenarios of authentication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have exploited the weight trusted routing (WTR) mechanism to detect and eliminate the malicious nodes involved during the routing path formation in smart-home environments where the routing between the communicating entities is performed through the mesh architecture. Further, to provide a secure communication against malicious behavior of nodes, the proposed mechanism uses Dijkstra's shortest path routing algorithm in which the weights are deliberated using certain parameters such as node-distance, packet-loss and trust value of each node which is computed using social impact theory optimizer. Moreover, we have presented the network performance trade-off caused by secure path formation with conventional method and have proposed the WTR mechanism for eliminating the potential issues such as packet-loss ratio, end-to-end delay and network throughput. The commercial simulator NS2 is used to simulate and compare the network metrics for both conventional as well as proposed approach and is validated with experimental results over end-to-end delay and message delivery ratio against reported literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]