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The article offers information on the laparoscopic placement of a catheter after rectal surgery and also examines the feasibility and safety of this methodology.Microdialysis samples were collected in a microvial which had been placed in the vial holder at the end of the catheter. The CMA 60 catheter was placed in the upper part of the surgical site which was far from the anastomosis.

Bovine besnoitiosis is a chronic and debilitating disease observed in many European countries that may cause important economic losses in cattle. The recent widespread of the parasite in Europe had led the European Food Safety Authority to declare bovine besnoitiosis as a re-emerging disease in Europe. Many aspects of the epidemiology of bovine besnoitiosis such as the main routes of transmission are still unclear and need to be further studied. Among the different hypotheses, a sexual transmission has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Besnoitia besnoiti DNA in the semen of naturally infected bulls by using a highly sensitive method (real-time qPCR). Both pre-sperm and sperm fractions of 40 bulls, including seronegative ( n = 11), seropositive subclinically ( n = 17), and seropositive clinically ( n = 12) infected animals, were collected by electroejaculation and analyzed by real-time qPCR. No B. besnoiti DNA was detected in 27 pre-sperm and 28 sperm fractions of the 40 examined bulls, suggesting that the transmission of B. besnoiti infection by the semen of chronically infected bulls is very unlikely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diagnostics of the radio-frequency (induction mode) plasma expanded through a nozzle (PETN) at low pressures (100–1000 Pa) was performed by on-line optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and on line quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS). The OES was used for evaluating the electronic, vibrational, and rotational temperatures (Te, Tv, and Tr) along the plasma reactor before and after the nozzle. The PETN gas mixtures analyzed were Ar+N2, Ar+CO, and Ar+O2with an addition of 1 vol.% N2to the last two gas mixtures. For the same conditions in the PETN the values of Te, Tv, and Tr were found to be different for the different gas mixtures and related to the depopulation of excited N by oxygen atoms. Moreover the Ar+O2PETN aqueous solutions of lanthanum and manganese nitrates were nebulized for the deposition of LaMnO3perovskite. The QMS, in real time, measuring the mass species formed before and after the nozzle, explained the reasons in the different values of Te, Tv, and Tr for the three gas mixtures as well as for the formation of oxides in the PETN from the aqueous nitrate solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]