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Copyright of Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: The aim of this study is to recommend an automatic caries detection and segmentation model based on the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithms in dental bitewing radiographs using VGG-16 and U-Net architecture and evaluate the clinical performance of the model comparing to human observer. Methods: A total of 621 anonymized bitewing radiographs were used to progress the Artificial Intelligence (AI) system (CranioCatch, Eskisehir, Turkey) for the detection and segmentation of caries lesions. The radiographs were obtained from the Radiology Archive of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology of the Faculty of Dentistry of Ordu University. VGG-16 and U-Net implemented with PyTorch models were used for the detection and segmentation of caries lesions, respectively. Results: The sensitivity, precision, and F-measure rates for caries detection and caries segmentation were 0.84, 0.81; 0.84, 0.86; and 0.84, 0.84, respectively. Comparing to 5 different experienced observers and AI models on external radiographic dataset, AI models showed superiority to assistant specialists. Conclusion: CNN-based AI algorithms can have the potential to detect and segmentation of dental caries accurately and effectively in bitewing radiographs. AI algorithms based on the deep-learning method have the potential to assist clinicians in routine clinical practice for quickly and reliably detecting the tooth caries. The use of these algorithms in clinical practice can provide to important benefit to physicians as a clinical decision support system in dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds: Anticancer drugs may damage non-target cells and tissues. One of the biggest reasons for changing or stopping chemotherapy regimens is these adverse effects. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic and protective efficacy of misoprostol (MP) against the harmful effects of paclitaxel (PAX), an anticancer drug, on normal liver tissue. Results: Biochemical examinations revealed that activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and levels of triglyceride, and cholesterol and levels of tissue malondialdehyde increased significantly in the PAX group compared to the control group, and glutathione level decreased. The histological structure of the liver tissue of the control group rats was normal. Histopathological changes, such as focal microvesicular steatosis, sinusoidal dilatation, mononuclear cell infiltration, Councilman bodies, and an increase in apoptosis, were also observed in PAX group. The histopathological changes observed in the PAX group were greatly improved in the PAX + MP group. Conclusion: When the obtained data were evaluated, it was concluded that the combined use of PAX with MP could reduce the cytotoxic effects of PAX on normal liver tissue, allowing cancer treatment to be continued uninterrupted and effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted in order to examine the correlation between work-related stress and meaning of life in association with compassion fatigue of nurses, as well as to determine the factors that affect compassion fatigue. The research is cross-sectional. The population of the research is comprised of nurses working at a university hospital in the east of Turkey. The research was carried out with 336 nurses. "Introductory information form," "Work-related strain inventory," "Professional quality of life scale and compassion fatigue subscale" and "Life attitude profile" were used for data collection. It was identified that correlation between compassion fatigue and attitude to life profile is negative (r = −.542**, p = 0.000), while the correlation between work-related stress and compassion fatigue is positive (r =.204**, p = 0.000). Moreover, it was determined that attitude to life profile, work-related stress, work manner, amount of time working at one occupation, service held and gender have effect on compassion fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of ultrasonography (USG) in locating spasm points in the masseter muscle. Methods: Fifteen patients with TMJ dysfunction and five healthy controls were included in the study. First clinical examination of TMJ and palpation of masticatory muscles were done. Then, the masseter muscles were examined by USG. A total of 40 masseter muscles were examined within the study. Results: Spasm points were observed as limited isoechogenic areas within normal heterogeneous muscle tissue. Within the 30 masseter muscles of patients with TMJ dysfunction, a total of 14 spasm points were detected clinically and 18 spasm points were detected ultrasonographically. No clinic or sonographic spasm point was detected in the masseter muscles of healthy controls. Conclusion: USG demonstrated in detail the internal structure of the masseter muscle in all patients and provided precise localization of the spasm points on the muscle. This is a preliminary study, showing that changes in muscle internal structure can be visualized with USG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of ultrasonographic imaging for diagnosing temporomandibular joint internal derangements. Materials and methods: Ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance imaging scans of temporomandibular joints were obtained bilaterally in 55 patients who had temporomandibular joint disorders and who were diagnosed with temporomandibular joint internal derangements following a clinical examination. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographic imaging was assessed considering magnetic resonance imaging as the gold standard method. Results: When the results of ultrasonographic imaging and magnetic resonance imaging were compared, the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographic imaging was 0.81 for detecting TMJ disc displacement. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographic imaging in detecting TMJ disc position was 0.81 in the closed-mouth position and 0.93 in the open-mouth position. Conclusion: As a noninvasive and reproducible imaging method acquiring dynamic images, ultrasonographic imaging is a successful method in the evaluation of temporomandibular joint disc displacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to understand the perceptions of a group of secondary school teachers and principals regarding the place of academic achievement within the bureaucratic accountability structure. The research focus is, from the educators' perspectives, to what extent the Ministry of National Education holds them and their schools accountable for academic achievement. The data were obtained from semi-structured interviews with a group of 30 teachers and school principals from seven secondary schools. The schools are distinguished by their distinctive features in the Turkish education system, which stands out with its bureaucratic character. The findings indicate that the accountability relationship between the upper hierarchical units of the country's education system and the schools is perceived to be quite weak or even uncertain in terms of academic achievement. The educators seem to think that there is no expectation of achievement and they rigorously criticize existing expectations. They claim that because their achievement status is not monitored, they do not encounter any intervention or sanction in cases of failure. The findings provide a critical perspective of the costs of bureaucratic accountability as well as a query on the ideal type of bureaucracy in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study will be important in terms of determining whether or not there is ageism in terms of healthcare professionals in Turkey and being a reference for the future studies.Methods: This study was conducted to examine the attitudes of the healthcare professionals on ageism. The population of this descriptive study consisted of 242 healthcare professionals in Bingöl State Hospital. The data were collected by the researchers between January 2012 and February 2012. The information form including the descriptive characteristics of the healthcare professionals and the Ageism Attitude Scale (AAS) were used to collect the data. Percentage, mean, t test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to assess the data.Results: In the study, the average age of the healthcare professionals was 29.75 ± 6.3, 79.3% were female, 59.9% were married, 53.3% had children, and 24.8% of those with children had only one child. Sixty-four percent of the healthcare professionals were nurses, 43.0% had an associate degree, and 82.2% had nuclear families, and 87.6% had no elderly family members living with them. The AAS mean score of the healthcare professionals was 68.58 ± 5.6.Conclusions: When the titles and education of healthcare professionals were compared with the scale scores, the difference between them was not found to be statistically significant (p = 0.15, p = 0.859). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary cranial Ewing's sarcoma is a very rare malignant tumor. Primary temporal bone Ewing's sarcoma with intraorbital extension is also a very rare condition. In this article we describe a case of primary Ewing's sarcoma of the temporal bone which extended into intracranial, extracranial and intraorbital compartments; manifesting with a swelling in the zygomatic fossa and proptosis of the right eye. The tumor was excised partially, and the patient underwent radiochemotherapy. The patient died 6 months after the therapy, with lung metastasis. The case is discussed with the pertinent literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain stem epidermoid cysts are extremely rare lesions. Only nine cases have been reported. Management of the epidermoid cyst is decompression of cyst contents and removal of cyst capsule. But in some cases resection of the cyst may result in a poor outcome because of cyst wall adhesion into the brain stem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]