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Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Unfallchirurg is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Economic effects of the revised VAV: The effects of the reform of the injury type procedure (VAV) are demonstrated using the example of a rural specialized care clinic (400 beds). Using a retrospective analysis of 114 inpatient VAV cases from the clinic in the year 2012, 11 patients were identified who should have been transferred to an appropriate maximum care clinic according to the new criteria for the severe injury type procedure (SAV). The cost analysis of these 11 cases resulted in a turnover volume of 113,714.97 Euros. From an economic perspective, such a decline in turnover without a reduction of the contingency costs and at the same time increased requirements of the new VAV (e.g. hygiene), must be considered a negative development. Effect of the revised VAV on expertise: The loss or transfer of interesting trauma surgery cases (as a rule multiple trauma cases) could lead to a reduction in medical expertise in the department and in addition there is the problem with future acquisition of the next generation of trauma surgeons. It is feared that the advanced training to specialist trauma surgeon in VAV hospitals will be made more difficult or take longer in the future which will be a clear disadvantage for VAV clinics for attracting the ever decreasing numbers of next generation surgeons. Conclusion: In Germany as a whole there is extensive SAV competence in VAV clinics. This is of course not true for all clinics and for all regions but to a varied extent in the different locations. That this excellent expertise in VAV clinics will be compromised by bureaucratic regulations and which will therefore be detrimental for the patients is, from the author's point of view, taking things too far. In synopsis, the expectations of the author are subdued with respect to the reform of inpatient healthcare procedures from the perspective of a senior consultant in a VAV clinic. In the sense of the best possible care of patients, it would have been desirable if more attention had been paid in the reform to the actual competence of the individual VAV clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutaneous malignant melanoma is considered one of the most deadly human cancers, based on both its penchant for metastatic spread and its typical resistance to currently available therapy. Long known to harbor oncogenic NRAS mutations, melanomas were more recently reported to be frequent bearers of activating mutations in BRAF, one of the effectors situated downstream of wild-type NRAS. NRAS and BRAF mutations are rarely found in the same melanoma, suggesting that they may possess important overlapping oncogenic activities. Here, we compare and contrast the oncogenic roles of the three major NRas downstream effectors, Raf, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Ral guanine exchange factor (RalGEF), using genetically engineered Arf-deficient immortalized mouse melanocytes as a model system. Although no single downstream pathway could recapitulate all of the consequences of oncogenic NRas expression, our data indicate a prominent role for BRaf and PI3K in melanocyte senescence and invasiveness, respectively. More surprisingly, we discovered that constitutive RalGEF activation had a major impact on several malignant phenotypes, particularly anchorage-independent growth, indicating that this often overlooked pathway should be more carefully evaluated as a possible therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Unfallchirurg is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Unfallchirurg is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: We wanted to test the hypothesis that quality changes occur in early-stage arthritic subchondral cancellous bone after acute subchondral damage. So far, not much attention has been paid to changes of the subchondral bone after traumatic subchondral lesions. Materials and methods: With an established animal model, we produced pure subchondral damage without initial affection of the articular cartilage in 12 Beagle dogs under MRI and histological control. We utilized bone histomorphometry to evaluate bone turnover, its structure and the articular cartilage 6 months after the initial damage. Results: On follow-up, bone remodelling was indicated, e.g. by a significant increase in the trabecular bone volume and thickness, osteoblast number and osteoid surface and a decrease in the trabecular number in all 12 samples. Several other parameters showed a tendency, e.g. osteoblast surface and osteoclast number. Cartilage analysis showed degenerative changes in ten of 12 samples that had not shown any evidence of damage during the initial examination. Discussion: Our investigation indicates a significant deterioration in the architecture of the cancellous bone with degenerative changes of the overlying articular cartilage after subchondral lesions, which change the mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Unfallchirurg is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Unfallchirurg is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The sensitivity of the colour reaction between PBH (4-pyridinealdehyde-1-benzothiazolyl hydrazone) and alkylating agents is limited by inevitable side reactions of varying intensity. Therefore the photometric determination of alkylating agents at 500 nm is disturbed by background colouring. Three new colour reagents PPH (4-pyridinealdehyde-1-phthalazolyl hydrazone), PXH (4-pyridinealdehyde-4-carboxy-phenyl hydrazone) and PQH (4-pyridinealdehyde-isonicotinic acid hydrazide) were synthesized and tested for their ability to determine traces of alkylating agents. The results were compared with data obtained from the reaction with PBH. Although the molar extinction coefficients of the reaction between PPH, PQH and PXH and alkylating agents are normally lower compared to PBH, the detection limit is decreased due to the fact that side reactions can be eliminated nearly completely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Chirurg is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Intramedullary bone endoscopy (IBE) was introduced as a new endoscopic technique in the year 2002 to achieve and manipulate the medullary canal of long bone under direct visual control. We report on a patient with a proximal femur fracture, where the new technique of IBE was used for intramedullary fracture reduction under visual control for the first time. Thus, the intraoperative use of an image intensifier was reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Unfallchirurg is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Unfallchirurg is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)