1. Promoting First Relationships® for Primary Caregivers and Toddlers in a Native Community: a Randomized Controlled Trial.
- Author
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Booth-LaForce, Cathryn, Oxford, Monica L., O'Leary, Rae, and Buchwald, Dedra S.
- Subjects
RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,COMMUNITIES ,CAREGIVERS ,CAREGIVER-child relationships ,TODDLERS - Abstract
This study tested the effectiveness of Promoting First Relationships
® (PFR), a preventive intervention program aimed at fostering positive caregiver-child relationships in Native families living on a rural reservation. Participants were 162 primary caregivers (96% Native; 93% female) and their Native toddlers (10–31 months old; 50% female). Families were randomized to a PFR group (n = 81) or Resource and Referral (RR) control group (n = 81), after baseline data collection (Time 1) to assess the quality of caregiver-child interaction, caregiver knowledge about children's social-emotional needs, caregiver depressive symptoms, and child externalizing behavior. After delivery of the PFR intervention or the RR service, follow-up assessments were repeated immediately post-intervention (Time 2) and 3 months later (Time 3). After controlling for baseline assessments, multivariate analyses of covariance revealed that caregivers in the PFR group had significantly higher scores on knowledge about children's social-emotional needs at Time 2 (p <.01, η2 =.06) and Time 3 (p <.05, η2 =.04) and less severe depressive symptoms at Times 2 and 3 (both p <.05, η2 =.04). At Time 3, the quality of caregiver-child interaction was better in the PFR group (p <.01, η2 =.06), an effect that was moderated by severity of depressive symptoms (p =.05, η2 =.06), with PFR having the greatest impact at low levels of initial symptoms (p =.02). Results support the positive impact of PFR in a Native community and suggest conditions under which the intervention may be most effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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