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Aerosol jet printing has the potential to fabricate fine features on various substrates due to its large stand-off distance. However, the presence of overspray and instability, particularly at high printing resolutions, has limited its widespread application. In this study, we introduce an efficient approach called annular acoustic focusing for aerosol jet printing. By determining the optimal focusing frequency (5.8 MHz) for silver nanoparticles using a particle ejection model, we achieve precise and stable printing. We also propose a modified print nozzle geometry, resulting in ultrafine traces (line width < 6 μm, overspray < 0.1 μm). Compared to printing without acoustic focusing, the line width of the traces decreases to 60 ± 5% while their conductivity increases to 180 ± 5%. Additionally, several 8 h experiments demonstrate excellent printing stability. This research opens up possibilities for the fabrication of conformal electronics with high precision and improved conductivity using aerosol jet printing. Overspray and instability at high resolution has limited the widespread application of aerosol jet printing. Here, authors introduce an annular acoustic field coupled with a modified nozzle geometry, resulting in fine traces (line width <6 μm, overspray < 0.1 μm) with excellent printing stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the robust responses to environmental disasters in stochastic growth economies. The representative agent has imprecise knowledge about environmental disasters and exhibits ambiguity aversion to the jump arrival intensity. In the equilibrium, the optimal abatement expenditure is increasing in the level of ambiguity aversion, which overturns the effect of model uncertainty on capital investment. Because of mitigating future damages, the incremental abatement may enhance long-run economic growth. In addition, welfare gains from abatement technology and the social cost of carbon become more substantial under ambiguous circumstances. Finally, we extend the baseline model by considering emission stock and find the main results still hold in this extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the optimal consumption-saving problem for consumers who are ambiguous about labor income shocks and have a preference for (absolute) wealth. It is shown that the preference for wealth interacts with the degree of ambiguity in non-trivial ways in determining the optimal consumption. The model predicts that ambiguity and preference for wealth can produce substitution or complementarity effects on consumption. In addition, we find that the interactions of ambiguity and desire for wealth generate different implications for MPCs. We then show that these interactions significantly influence the contribution of ambiguity to excess sensitivity of consumption growth and the contribution of preference for wealth to excess smoothness of consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are different characteristics of BC in developing countries and developed countries. We intended to study the factors which influence the survival and prognosis of BC between southern China and the United States. (a) To study the two groups BC patients in southern China from 2001 to 2016 and SEER database from 1975 to 2016. (b) To register, collect and analyze the clinicopathological features and treatment information. Our study found that there are significant differences in tumor size, positive lymph node status and KI-67 between southern China and SEER cohort (P < 0.000). The positive lymph node status may be one of the causes of difference of morbidity and mortality of BC patients in China. Furthermore, the differences in treatment methods may also account for the differences between China and seer databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of market incompleteness on investment decisions. In contrast to previous studies, we assume an entrepreneur has power utility and investment causes an additive increase in her wealth. By using the binomial theorem, we derive the analytical solutions for the option value and investment threshold. First, we show that an increase in wealth alleviates the over-investment problem caused by the market incompleteness. In addition, the marginal value of wealth is always more than one and decreases in the wealth level. Finally, the increase in wealth substantially enhances the value of the investment option and lowers the idiosyncratic risk premium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper extends the standard continuous-time buffer-stock savings model with borrowing constraints by introducing time-inconsistent agent preferences. Interestingly, it predicts that time-inconsistent preferences will strengthen the consumption motive, and this makes the agent's borrowing constraints more severe and generates higher MPCs out of liquidity, which provides an alternative explanation for the "excess sensitivity" to liquidity from the perspective of time-inconsistent preferences. Moreover, by incorporating time-inconsistent preferences, our theoretical model also provides support for the empirical evidence of "excess smoothness." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]