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Solid-state batteries based on Li and nonflammable solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have aroused the attention of numerous researchers because of their absolute safety and potentially high energy density. Most SSEs after coming into contact with Li are reduced, which leads to high interfacial charge-transfer impedance and dendrites formation. In this study, an "interlayer-Li pre-reduction strategy" was proposed to solve the above problem of reduction. An intermediate layer was introduced between solid electrolyte and Li, and it reacted with Li to produce a stable and ion-conductive interphase. Cubic garnet-type Nb-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (Nb-LLZO) was selected as an example solid electrolyte since it is characterized by high ionic conductivity, feasible preparation under ambient conditions, as well as low cost. The high impedance arising from the reduction at the Nb-LLZO∣Li interface has limited its application. In this paper, a nano-scale Li phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) layer was deposited on the Nb-LLZO pellets through radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering, which pre-reacted with Li in-situ to produce a lithiophilic, electronically insulating, and ionic conductive interphase. The produced interphase significantly inhibited the reduction of Nb5+ against Li and the formation and propagation of Li dendrites. It is noteworthy that Li∣LiPON∣Nb-LLZO∣LiPON∣Li cells stably cycled for over 2,000 h without any short circuit. This study emphasizes and demonstrates the significance of the pre-conversion of modification layer between unstable SSE and Li metal to improve interfacial stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a foveated imaging system using a reflective liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM) was designed. To demonstrate the concept of foveated imaging, we simulated with software Code V and established a laboratory prototype. The result of the experiment shows that an SLM can be used to correct the aberration of region of interest (ROI) while the resolution of other area was still very low. The vary-resolution system was relative simple compared to the traditional high resolution system and obviously can reduce the amount of data transmission. Such systems will have wide application prospect in various fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reflective optical system is not affected by chromatic aberration, so it has a wide range of applications. Based on the design theory of reflective zoom system with three mirrors, this paper presents the simulation, optimization, and image quality evaluation of the traditional offaxis three-mirror zoom system and freeform off-axis threemirror reflective zoom system.. In these systems, the optical design was aided by software CODEV. Through the analysis of aberrations and structural performance for the traditional aspherical off-axis three-mirror system, the freeform surface was introduced to the tertiary mirror to improve the balance capacity for optical aberrations. This off-axis three-mirror reflective zoom system based on freeform surface could provide technical reference to the study of such systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]