6 results on '"Morris, Z."'
Search Results
2. A systematic review of the utility of 1.5 versus 3 Tesla magnetic resonance brain imaging in clinical practice and research.
- Author
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Wardlaw JM, Brindle W, Casado AM, Shuler K, Henderson M, Thomas B, Macfarlane J, Muñoz Maniega S, Lymer K, Morris Z, Pernet C, Nailon W, Ahearn T, Mumuni AN, Mugruza C, McLean J, Chakirova G, Tao YT, Simpson J, and Stanfield AC
- Abstract
Objective: MRI at 3 T is said to be more accurate than 1.5 T MR, but costs and other practical differences mean that it is unclear which to use.Methods: We systematically reviewed studies comparing diagnostic accuracy at 3 T with 1.5 T. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and other sources from 1 January 2000 to 22 October 2010 for studies comparing diagnostic accuracy at 1.5 and 3 T in human neuroimaging. We extracted data on methodology, quality criteria, technical factors, subjects, signal-to-noise, diagnostic accuracy and errors according to QUADAS and STARD criteria.Results: Amongst 150 studies (4,500 subjects), most were tiny, compared old 1.5 T with new 3 T technology, and only 22 (15 %) described diagnostic accuracy. The 3 T images were often described as "crisper", but we found little evidence of improved diagnosis. Improvements were limited to research applications [functional MRI (fMRI), spectroscopy, automated lesion detection]. Theoretical doubling of the signal-to-noise ratio was not confirmed, mostly being 25 %. Artefacts were worse and acquisitions took slightly longer at 3 T.Conclusion: Objective evidence to guide MRI purchasing decisions and routine diagnostic use is lacking. Rigorous evaluation accuracy and practicalities of diagnostic imaging technologies should be the routine, as for pharmacological interventions, to improve effectiveness of healthcare.Key Points: • Higher field strength MRI may improve image quality and diagnostic accuracy. • There are few direct comparisons of 1.5 and 3 T MRI. • Theoretical doubling of the signal-to-noise ratio in practice was only 25 %. • Objective evidence of improved routine clinical diagnosis is lacking. • Other aspects of technology improved images more than field strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A grid overlay framework for analysis of medical images and its application to the measurement of stroke lesions.
- Author
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Armitage, Paul, Rivers, C., Karaszewski, B., Thomas, R., Lymer, G., Morris, Z., and Wardlaw, J.
- Subjects
STROKE patients ,GRAPHICAL user interfaces ,DIFFUSION tensor imaging ,SPECTROSCOPIC imaging ,MEDICAL imaging systems - Abstract
Objectives: To create and evaluate an interactive software tool for measuring imaging data in situations where hand-drawn region-of-interest measurements are unfeasible, for example, when the structure of interest is patchy with ill-defined boundaries. Methods: An interactive grid overlay software tool was implemented that enabled coding of voxels dependent on their imaging appearance with a series of user-defined classes. The Grid Analysis Tool (GAT) was designed to automatically extract quantitative imaging data, grouping the results by tissue class. Inter- and intra-observer reproducibility was evaluated by six observers of various backgrounds in a study of acute stroke patients. Results: The software tool enabled a more detailed classification of the stroke lesion than would be possible with a region-of-interest approach. However, inter-observer coefficients of variation (CVs) were relatively high, reaching 70% in 'possibly abnormal' tissue and around 15-20% in normal appearing tissues, while intra-observer CVs were no more than 13% in 'possibly abnormal' tissue and generally less than 1% in normal-appearing tissues. Conclusions: The grid-overlay method overcomes some of the limitations of conventional Region Of Interest (ROI) approaches, providing a viable alternative for segmenting patchy lesions with ill-defined boundaries, but care is required to ensure acceptable reproducibility if the method is applied by multiple observers. Key Points: • Computer software developed to overcome limitations of conventional regions of interest measurements • This software is suitable for patchy lesions with ill-defined borders • Allows a more detailed assessment of imaging data [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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4. Bioreactor for mammalian cell culture.
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Fiechter, A., Aiba, S., Bungay, H. R., Cooney, Ch. L., Demain, A. L., Fukui, S., Kieslich, K., Klibanov, A. M., Lafferty, R. M., Primrose, S. B., Rehm, H. J., Rogers, P. L., Sahm, H., Schügerl, K., Suzuki, S., Tsao, G. T., Venkat, K., Winnacker, E. -L., Prokop, Ales, and Rosenberg, Morris Z.
- Abstract
Purpose of this article is to review the current status of bioreactor design for mammalian cell culture. Morphological and biochemical features of two major mammalian cell groups, anchoragedependent and independent cells are proposed as a basis for different behavior at their cultivation. Different bioreactor configurations are systematically discussed through enumerating elementary physical phenomena and through stressing their physiological significance. Special considerations are given to those areas which are inherent to mammalian cell bioreactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1989
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5. Recommendations for improving the assessment of postgraduate dental education.
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Bullock, A D, Butterfield, S, Morris, Z S, and Frame, J W
- Abstract
This paper makes recommendations for the improvement of assessment in postgraduate dental education. The recommendations are based on a twelve-month study conducted in 1998/99 which evaluated the strengths and weaknesses of the existing assessment systems. Evidence was taken from examination syllabi, assessments and records. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives from national bodies and with trainers and trainees in the West Midlands. Strengths in parts of the system include: commitment and professional experience; commissioned work; opportunity to share experience; a monitoring framework; procedures for maintaining standards and examples of broadbased assessments. Weaknesses include: lack of assessment of quality; existence of some forms of unregulated assessment; lack of transparency and lack of clarity between training and assessment. Development is recommended in three broad areas: a competence-based model of assessment; distinguishing assessment from the analysis of educational needs and quality assurance. The introduction of a competence-based model is the most significant and is addressed in some detail. Specific proposals for consideration by national regulatory bodies and education providers include: strengthening the management of assessment; national leadership in the development of a competence model of assessment; widening the assessment base; clearer criteria for inspection; revisions to how vocational training, HO/SHO training and general professional training are assessed and training for trainers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
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6. A framework for the evaluation of continuing education short courses in dentistry.
- Author
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Bullock, A D, Belfield, C R, Butterfield, S, Morris, Z S, Ribbins, P M, and Frame, J W
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DENTISTRY ,CONTINUING education - Abstract
The objective of this paper is to propose an evaluation framework for short courses in continuing education for general dental practitioners (GDPs) (so called, Section 63 courses). Existing monitoring and evaluation procedures in the West Midlands deanery were examined and an improved evaluation framework was then devised, piloted and revised. A 5 phase method was used incorporating the examination of existing practice (Phases 1 and 2), development of a new framework (Phase 3), piloting (Phase 4) and revision of the evaluation framework in the light of the pilot. This approach will be implemented in the West Midlands and may be adapted for national use (Phase 5). It was found that existing monitoring and evaluation was inconsistent in prevalence and scope. Those involved in short courses were in favour of a more consistent and visible evaluation, including some assessment of impact-on-practice and cost-effectiveness. In conclusion, meaningful evaluation needs to include four key processes: data gathering; data analysis; dissemination and, action planning (reviewing provision in the light of the data analysis). Thus, this evaluation framework feeds into a quality development cycle designed to ensure high quality and relevant short course provision for general dental practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
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