18 results on '"Moore, Darren"'
Search Results
2. Baseline Psychosocial, Environmental, Health, and Behavioral Correlates of 1- and 3-Year Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery.
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Ji, Ming, Negriff, Sonya L., Slezak, Jeff M., Taylor, Brianna L., Paz, Silvia R., Bhakta, Bhumi B., Macias, Mayra, Arterburn, David E., Crawford, Cecelia L., Drewnowski, Adam, Lewis, Kristina H., Moore, Darren D., Murali, Sameer B., Young, Deborah R., and Coleman, Karen J.
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WEIGHT loss ,GASTRIC bypass ,BARIATRIC surgery ,PATIENT selection ,RACE - Abstract
Purpose: Weight loss surgery is an effective, long-term treatment for severe obesity but individual response to surgery varies widely. The purpose of this study was to test a comprehensive theoretical model of factors that may be correlated with the greatest surgical weight loss at 1–3 years following surgery. Such a model would help determine what predictive factors to measure when patients are preparing for surgery that may ensure the best weight outcomes. Materials and Methods: The Bariatric Experience Long Term (BELONG) study collected self-reported and medical record-based baseline information as correlates of 1- and 3-year % total weight loss (TWL) in n = 1341 patients. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the associations between 120 baseline variables and %TWL. Results: Participants were 43.4 ± 11.3 years old, Hispanic or Black (52%; n = 699), women (86%; n = 1149), and partnered (72%; n = 965) and had annual incomes of ≥ $51,000 (60%; n = 803). A total of 1006 (75%) had 3-year follow-up weight. Regression models accounted for 10.1% of the variance in %TWL at 1-year and 13.6% at 3 years. Only bariatric operation accounted for a clinically meaningful difference (~ 5%) in %TWL at 1-year. At 3 years after surgery, only bariatric operation, Black race, and BMI ≥ 50 kg/m
2 were associated with clinically meaningful differences in %TWL. Conclusions: Our findings combined with many others support a move away from extensive screening and selection of patients at the time of surgery to a focus on improving access to this treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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3. Hippocampal subfield vulnerability to α-synuclein pathology precedes neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction.
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Dues, Dylan J., Nguyen, An Phu Tran, Becker, Katelyn, Ma, Jiyan, and Moore, Darren J.
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- 2023
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4. Hierarchy of quantum non-Gaussian conservative motion.
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Moore, Darren W. and Filip, Radim
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QUANTUM states , *NOISE control , *NONLINEAR systems , *CONSERVATIVES , *OPTOMECHANICS - Abstract
Mechanical quantum systems embedded in an external nonlinear potential currently offer the first deep excursion into quantum non-Gaussian motion. The Gaussian statistics of the motion of a linear mechanical quantum system, characterised by its mass and a linear-and-quadratic potential, possess a limited capacity to reduce noise in nonlinear variables. This limitation induces thresholds for noise reduction in nonlinear variables beyond which linear mechanical oscillators cannot pass. Squeezing below the thresholds for such variables is relevant for the implementation of nonlinear mechanical devices, such as sensors, processors or engines. First however, quantum non-Gaussian conservative motion must be identified in experiments with diverse nonlinear potentials. For this purpose, we provide sufficient criteria for quantum non-Gaussian motional states in conservative systems based on the observation of squeezing in nonlinear variables. We further extend these criteria to a hierarchy able to recognise the quantum non-Gaussian motion induced via diverse nonlinear potentials through their various capacities to produce nonlinear squeezing. Gaussian systems are useful for many quantum technologies but new applications will require control over nonlinear systems generating quantum non-Gaussian states. The authors present a method for the detection of quantum non-Gaussian states of mechanical particles which may be applied for future experiments in optomechanics and levitated nanoparticles in the quantum regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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5. The Bariatric Experience Long Term (BELONG): Factors Related to Having Bariatric Surgery in a Large Integrated Healthcare System.
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Moore, Darren D., Arterburn, David E., Bai, Yun, Cornejo, Melissa, Crawford, Cecelia L., Drewnowski, Adam, Gray, Marlaine Figueroa, Ji, Ming, Lewis, Kristina H., Paz, Silvia, Taylor, Brianna, Yoon, Tae K., Young, Deborah Rohm, and Coleman, Karen J.
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BARIATRIC surgery ,ELECTRONIC health records ,GASTRIC banding ,GASTRIC bypass ,MEDICAL care ,ELECTRONICS in surveying ,PATIENT selection - Abstract
Purpose: Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity, but currently, only 1–2% of all eligible patients undergo surgery each year. This study examined which factors were associated with a patient receiving bariatric surgery after referral in a real-world healthcare setting. Materials and Methods: The current study used the baseline survey and electronic medical record (EMR) data from the Bariatric Experience Long Term (BELONG) study (n = 1975). Predictors of who did (n = 1680) and who did not (n = 295) have surgery were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Participants (n = 1975; 42.4% response rate) were primarily women (84%) and either non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic (60%). In the fully adjusted multivariate model, the strongest predictors of having surgery were being a woman (OR = 3.17; 95% CI = 2.15, 4.68; p <.001) and losing at least 5% of their body weight in the year before surgery (OR = 3.16; 95% CI = 2.28, 4.38; p <.001). The strongest predictors of not having surgery were a ≥ BMI 50 kg/m
2 (OR =.39; 95% CI =.27,.56; p <.001) and having a higher physical comorbidity burden (OR =.84; 95% CI =.75,.94; p =.004). Conclusions: Practices such as 5–10% total weight loss before surgery and selection of patients with safer operative risk profiles (younger with lower comorbidity burden) may inadvertently contribute to under-utilization of bariatric surgery among some demographic subpopulations who could most benefit from this intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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6. Emotional disorder and absence from school: findings from the 2004 British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey.
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Finning, Katie, Ford, Tamsin, Moore, Darren A., and Ukoumunne, Obioha C.
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ANXIETY diagnosis ,DIAGNOSIS of mental depression ,ANXIETY ,MENTAL depression ,SCHOOLS ,ADOLESCENT psychiatry ,AFFECTIVE disorders ,CHILD psychiatry ,ELEMENTARY schools ,HIGH schools ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RISK assessment ,SURVEYS ,TEACHERS ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,SOCIAL support ,PARENT attitudes ,CROSS-sectional method ,ODDS ratio ,PSYCHOLOGICAL factors - Abstract
Emotional disorder may be associated with absence from school, but the existing evidence is methodologically weak. We studied the relationships between anxiety, depression and emotional difficulties, and school absence (total, authorised and unauthorised) using data from the 2004 British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey (BCAMHS). The BCAMHS was a cross-sectional, community survey of 7977 5- to 16-year-olds. Emotional disorder was assessed using the Development and Wellbeing Assessment (DAWBA), and emotional difficulties using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) completed by teachers and parents. Teachers reported days absent in the previous school term. Multivariable negative binomial regression was used to examine the impact of emotional disorder and difficulties on absence. Age, gender and general health were explored as moderators. Anxiety, depression and emotional difficulties were associated with higher rates of all types of absence [rate ratios for total absence: anxiety 1.69 (1.39–2.06) p < 0.001; depression 3.40 (2.46–4.69) p < 0.001; parent-reported emotional difficulties 1.07 (1.05–1.10) p < 0.001; teacher-reported emotional difficulties 1.10 (1.08–1.13) p < 0.001]. The strongest association was observed for depression and unauthorised absence. Relationships were stronger for secondary compared to primary school children. Health and educational professionals should be aware that children with poor attendance may be experiencing emotional ill health, regardless of absence type. The absence may provide a useful tool to identify those who require additional mental health support. Findings highlight the widespread burden of emotional disorder and the need to support those with emotional ill health in continuing to access education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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7. MFT Students’ Recount Experiences of Attending Phone and Online Overeaters Anonymous Meetings.
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Moore, Darren D., Lin, Chichun, Kamboj, Simi, Tam, Ryan, and Pasicel, Luciano
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TREATMENT of eating disorders , *ALLIED health personnel , *FAMILY psychotherapy , *GRADUATE students , *HUMAN comfort , *MARRIAGE , *ONLINE information services , *RURAL conditions , *STUDENTS , *SURVEYS , *TELEMEDICINE , *QUALITATIVE research , *CLIENT relations , *SOCIAL support , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore Marriage and Family Therapy students’ experiences attending Overeaters Anonymous (OA). Utilizing a qualitative survey administered in an addictions course at an institution located in a rural area of the United States, 18 marriage and family therapy (MFT) graduate students reflected on their participation in both online and telephone meetings. In this study, MFT students provided their perspectives regarding the feasible utilization of Overeaters Anonymous in clinical treatment, with an emphasis on the consideration of social support for clients who may reside in rural areas. Three major themes emerged which included (1) enlightenment through exposure; (2) OA as a viable adjunct to therapy; and (3) convenience and comfort. The study addressed recommendations for MFT education, clinical implications, and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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8. The Meaning of Obesity in the Church: A Pastoral Leader's Perspective.
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Moore, Darren, Brooks, Jada, and King, Ericka
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OBESITY & psychology , *BARIATRIC surgery , *OBESITY risk factors , *CHRISTIAN leadership , *FOOD consumption - Abstract
The purpose of this study is to highlight a unique case regarding obesity and weight loss in the Christian church that emerged when interviewing men who had experienced bariatric surgery. Thirty-four-year-old 'Pastor Tom' was removed from his position in the church due to his obesity. Through critical reflection, utilizing an intrinsic case study methodology, the authors explore how this research participant constructed meaning around obesity and weight loss. In this study, two major themes emerged: (1) leading by example and (2) becoming a leader. The study includes a discussion of implications for the church as well as teaching, clinical, and research implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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9. Modeling LRRK2 Pathobiology in Parkinson's Disease: From Yeast to Rodents.
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Daniel, Guillaume and Moore, Darren J.
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- 2015
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10. The Impact of Childhood Experiences on Perceptions of Health and Wellness in African American Young Adults.
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Brooks, Jada and Moore, Darren
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HEALTH , *AFRICAN Americans , *YOUNG adults , *HISTORICALLY Black colleges & universities , *ADULTS - Abstract
The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine how African American young adults think about health and wellness in relation to their family and childhood experiences and how those experiences impact their perceptions of health and wellness in young adulthood. Twenty-five African American young adults participated in the study. Data collection took place at a Historically Black College. Physical, mental, and spiritual health were all included as contributing factors to living a healthy lifestyle. Further family and school experiences were cited as influences on health in wellness during childhood. The study concluded that childhood and family experiences do indeed impact perceptions of health and wellness in young adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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11. Juicer: A Weighted Finite-State Transducer Speech Decoder.
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Renals, Steve, Bengio, Samy, Fiscus, Jonathan G., Moore, Darren, Dines, John, Doss, Mathew Magimai, Vepa, Jithendra, Cheng, Octavian, and Hain, Thomas
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A major component in the development of any speech recognition system is the decoder. As task complexities and, consequently, system complexities have continued to increase the decoding problem has become an increasingly significant component in the overall speech recognition system development effort, with efficient decoder design contributing to significantly improve the trade-off between decoding time and search errors. In this paper we present the "Juicer" (from transducer) large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) decoder based on weighted finite-State transducer (WFST). We begin with a discussion of the need for open source, state-of-the-art decoding software in LVCSR research and how this lead to the development of Juicer, followed by a brief overview of decoding techniques and major issues in decoder design. We present Juicer and its major features, emphasising its potential not only as a critical component in the development of LVCSR systems, but also as an important research tool in itself, being based around the flexible WFST paradigm. We also provide results of benchmarking tests that have been carried out to date, demonstrating that in many respects Juicer, while still in its early development, is already achieving state-of-the-art. These benchmarking tests serve to not only demonstrate the utility of Juicer in its present state, but are also being used to guide future development, hence, we conclude with a brief discussion of some of the extensions that are currently under way or being considered for Juicer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
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12. The 2005 AMI System for the Transcription of Speech in Meetings.
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Bengio, Samy, Hain, Thomas, Burget, Lukas, Dines, John, Garau, Giulia, Karafiat, Martin, Lincoln, Mike, McCowan, Iain, Moore, Darren, Wan, Vincent, Ordelman, Roeland, and Renals, Steve
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In this paper we describe the 2005 AMI system for the transcription of speech in meetings used in the 2005 NIST RT evaluations. The system was designed for participation in the speech to text part of the evaluations, in particular for transcription of speech recorded with multiple distant microphones and independent headset microphones. System performance was tested on both conference room and lecture style meetings. Although input sources are processed using different front-ends, the recognition process is based on a unified system architecture. The system operates in multiple passes and makes use of state of the art technologies such as discriminative training, vocal tract length normalisation, heteroscedastic linear discriminant analysis, speaker adaptation with maximum likelihood linear regression and minimum word error rate decoding. In this paper we describe the system performance on the official development and test sets for the NIST RT05s evaluations. The system was jointly developed in less than 10 months by a multi-site team and was shown to achieve competitive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2006
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13. The Development of the AMI System for the Transcription of Speech in Meetings.
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Bengio, Samy, Hain, Thomas, Burget, Lukas, Dines, John, McCowan, Iain, Garau, Giulia, Karafiat, Martin, Lincoln, Mike, Moore, Darren, Wan, Vincent, Ordelman, Roeland, and Renals, Steve
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The automatic processing of speech collected in conference style meetings has attracted considerable interest with several large scale projects devoted to this area. This paper describes the development of a baseline automatic speech transcription system for meetings in the context of the AMI (Augmented Multiparty Interaction) project. We present several techniques important to processing of this data and show the performance in terms of word error rates (WERs). An important aspect of transcription of this data is the necessary flexibility in terms of audio pre-processing. Real world systems have to deal with flexible input, for example by using microphone arrays or randomly placed microphones in a room. Automatic segmentation and microphone array processing techniques are described and the effect on WERs is discussed. The system and its components presented in this paper yield competitive performance and form a baseline for future research in this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2006
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14. Towards Computer Understanding of Human Interactions.
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McCowan, Iain, Gatica-Perez, Daniel, Bengio, Samy, Moore, Darren, and Bourlard, Hervé
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People meet in order to interact - disseminating information, making decisions, and creating new ideas. Automatic analysis of meetings is therefore important from two points of view: extracting the information they contain, and understanding human interaction processes. Based on this view, this article presents an approach in which relevant information content of a meeting is identified from a variety of audio and visual sensor inputs and statistical models of interacting people. We present a framework for computer observation and understanding of interacting people, and discuss particular tasks within this framework, issues in the meeting context, and particular algorithms that we have adopted. We also comment on current developments and the future challenges in automatic meeting analysis.This article is an updated version of one that originally appeared in Proceedings of the European Symposium on Ambient Intelligence, Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, November 2003. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
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15. Mechanisms of LRRK2-Mediated Neurodegeneration.
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Tsika, Elpida and Moore, Darren
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Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 ( LRRK2) gene represent the most common cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD), whereas common variation at the LRRK2 locus is associated with an increased risk of idiopathic PD. Considerable progress has been made toward understanding the biological functions of LRRK2 and the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenic effects of disease-associated mutations. The development of neuronal culture models and transgenic or viral-based rodent models have proved useful for identifying a number of emerging pathways implicated in LRRK2-dependent neuronal damage, including the microtubule network, actin cytoskeleton, autophagy, mitochondria, vesicular trafficking, and protein quality control. However, many important questions remain to be posed and answered. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms and pathways underlying LRRK2-mediated neurodegeneration is critical for the identification of new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in PD. In this review we discuss recent advances and unanswered questions in understanding the pathophysiology of LRRK2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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16. Value of genetic models in understanding the cause and mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease.
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Moore, Darren and Dawson, Ted
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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized pathologically by the degeneration of nigrostriatal pathway dopaminergic neurons and other neuronal systems and the appearance of Lewy bodies that contain α-synuclein. PD is generally a sporadic disease, but a small proportion of cases have a clear genetic component. Mutations have been identified in six genes that clearly segregate with disease in rare families with PD. Transgenic, knockout, and virus-based models of disease have been developed in rodents to further understand how these genes contribute to the pathogenesis of PD. In general, these animal models recapitulate many key features of the disease, including derangements in dopaminergic synaptic transmission, selective neurodegeneration, neurochemical deficits, α-synuclein-positive neuropathology, and motor deficits. However, a genetic model with all or most of these pathogenic features has proved difficult to create. In this article, we discuss these mammalian genetic models of PD and what they have revealed about the cause and mechanisms of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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17. Role for the ubiquitin-proteasome system in Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative brain amyloidoses.
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Moore, Darren, Dawson, Valina, and Dawson, Ted
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Many neurodegenerative brain amyloidoses, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, are characterized by selective neuronal loss together with the appearance of intraneuronal ubiquitin-positive proteinaceous aggregates or inclusion bodies. These features usually result from the abnormal accumulation and processing of mutant, misfolded, or damaged intracellular proteins. It has recently become clear that both genetic factors and aberrant proteolytic degradation may therefore play a major role in neuronal degeneration. Indeed, the linkage of two genes directly involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in familial Parkinson’s disease clearly indicates a central role for the UPS in neurodegeneration, and thus Parkinson’s disease is considered the prototypical disorder associated with UPS dysfunction. In this review, we provide an overview of the key genes / proteins implicated in the abnormal UPS-mediated proteolytic processing of unwanted proteins observed in neurodegenerative brain amyloidoses. We also provide an outline of the various components and pathways involved in the normal cellular functioning of the UPS and discuss the mechanisms by which UPS dysfunction can compromise neuronal integrity. A more complete understanding of the UPS and its relationship to the neurodegenerative process will undoubtedly provide tremendous insight into the molecular pathogenesis of amyloidogenic neurodegenerative disorders and will allow the development of novel rational therapies for treating these disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
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18. Ubiqutination via K27 and K29 chains signals aggregation and neuronal protection of LRRK2 by WSB1.
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Nucifora, Frederick C., Nucifora, Leslie G., Ng, Chee-Hoe, Arbez, Nicolas, Guo, Yajuan, Roby, Elaine, Shani, Vered, Engelender, Simone, Wei, Dong, Wang, Xiao-Fang, Li, Tianxia, Moore, Darren J., Pletnikova, Olga, Troncoso, Juan C., Sawa, Akira, Dawson, Ted M., Smith, Wanli, Lim, Kah-Leong, and Ross, Christopher A.
- Published
- 2016
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