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2. Passive Leg Raising.

Author

Vincent, Jean-Louis, Monnet, X., Richard, C., and Teboul, J. -L.

Abstract

Passive leg raising involves the elevation of the lower limbs from the horizontal plane. It was used as an empiric rescue therapy for acute hypotension long before intensive care units (ICUs) were created. The hemodynamic effects of passive leg raising have been progressively elucidated. In view of its simplicity, there is renewed interest in passive leg raising as a means of predicting fluid responsiveness in the critically ill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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3. Assessment of Fluid Responsiveness in Spontaneously Breathing Patients.

Author

Vincent, Jean-Louis, Teboul, J. -L., Lamia, B., and Monnet, X.

Abstract

Assessment of volume responsiveness is an important issue in patients with spontaneous breathing activity. The difficulty in predicting the response to fluid infusion in this population of patients is variable and depends on the clinical situation. Three different scenarios must be distinguished: The first scenario refers to patients admitted to the emergency room for evident acute blood losses or body fluid losses. The diagnosis of hypovolemia is almost certain and the presence of clinical signs of hemodynamic instability (hypotension, tachycardia, oliguria, mottled skin, altered mental status, etc) strongly suggests that a positive hemodynamic response to volume resuscitation will occur, although these signs lack sensitivity. The degree of hypotension, of tachycardia, and of oliguria is important for estimating the degree of hypovolemia and hence the degree of urgency for initiating volume resuscitation.The second scenario refers to patients admitted to the emergency room with a high degree of suspicion of septic shock. In this situation, cardiac preload is always inadequate since relative as well as absolute hypovolemia are always present in the early phase of septic shock. The study by Rivers et al. [1] emphasized the importance of volume resuscitation in the first hours of management in this category of patients. There is no need to search for sophisticated parameters to predict volume responsiveness since a positive hemodynamic response is always present at this stage. Rather, there is a need to define parameters that can indicate whether volume infusion should be either continued or stopped because of no further expected efficacy (see the third scenario). There is also a need to define indicators of lung intolerance; however, this is not the subject of the present chapter.The third scenario refers to patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) who experience hemodynamic instability that requires urgent therapy. In these patients, volume responsiveness is not guaranteed since they have already been volume resuscitated and continuation of volume infusion carries risks of pulmonary edema. In spontaneously breathing patients either without an endo-tracheal tube or making inspiratory efforts while receiving mechanical ventilation, prediction of volume responsiveness can be a difficult challenge. In these conditions, indices of volume responsiveness that use heart-lung interaction, such as respiratory variations in arterial pressure or in stroke volume and derived indices, are no longer reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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5. GDS: An Architecture Proposal for a Grid Data-Sharing Service.

Author

Getov, Vladimir, Laforenza, Domenico, Reinefeld, Alexander, Antoniu, Gabriel, Bertier, Marin, Bougé, Luc, Caron, Eddy, Desprez, Frédéric, Jan, Mathieu, Monnet, Sébastien, and Sens, Pierre

Abstract

Grid computing has recently emerged as a response to the growing demand for resources (processing power, storage, etc.) exhibited by scientific applications. We address the challenge of sharing large amounts of data on such infrastructures, typically consisting of a federation of node clusters. We claim that storing, accessing, updating and sharing such data should be considered by applications as an external service. We propose an architecture for such a service, whose goal is to provide transparent access to mutable data, while enhancing data persistence and consistency despite node disconnections or failures. Our approach leverages on weaving together previous results in the areas of distributed shared memory systems, peer-to-peer systems, and fault-tolerant systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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6. Aggregating Brain Cell Cultures for Neurotoxicological Studies.

Author

Tiffany-Castiglioni, Evelyn, Hollinger, Mannfred A., Zurich, Marie-Gabrielle, Monnet-Tschudi, Florianne, Costa, Lucio G., Schilter, Benoît, and Honegger, Paul

Abstract

Because of the limited accessibility of the brain for experimentation, but also for ethical and economical reasons, there is considerable interest in culture models suitable for neurotoxicological research. Although it is generally accepted that in vitro models cannot cover the entire spectrum of brain functions, they have proven to be indispensable for investigations in the life sciences since the early work of Harrison (1). To date, many in vitro models of various complexity are available, ranging from monolayer cultures of immortalized cell lines to organotypic cultures. Each of these culture systems has its particularities, therefore, it is of great importance to select the model that is most appropriate for the question to be solved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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8. A Mega Integral Field Spectrograph for the VLT.

Author

Bergeron, Jaqueline, Monnet, Guy, Bacon, R., Adam, G., Cabrit, S., Combes, F., Davies, R. L., Emsellem, E., Ferruit, P., Franx, M., Gilmore, G., Guiderdoni, B., Lefévre, O., Morris, S., Pécontal, E., Prieto, E., Sharples, R., Werf, P. van der, and Zeeuw, P. T. de

Published
2002
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15. Growing Up - The Completion of the VLTI.

Author

Bergeron, Jaqueline, Monnet, Guy, Glindemann, Andreas, Bauvir, Bertrand, Boekel, Roy van, Correia, Serge, Delplancke, Françoise, Derie, Frédéric, Folco, Emmanuel di, Gennai, Alberto, Gitton, Philippe, Huxley, Alexis, Housen, Nico, Kervella, Pierre, Koehler, Bertrand, Lévêque, Samuel, Ménardi, Serge, Morel, Sebastien, Paresce, Francesco, and Duc, Than Phan

Published
2002
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26. Scientific Objectives and Design Study of an Adaptive Optics Visual Echelle Spectrograph and Imager Coronograph (AVES-IMCO) for the NAOS Visitor Focus at the VLT.

Author

Bergeron, Jaqueline, Monnet, Guy, Pallavicini, Roberto, Zerbi, Filippo, Beuzit, Jean-Luc, Bonanno, Giovanni, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Comari, Maurizio, Conconi, Paolo, Delabre, Bernard, Franchini, Mariagrazia, Marcantonio, Paolo Di, Lagrange, Anne-Marie, Mazzoleni, Ruben, Molaro, Paolo, Pasquini, Luca, and Santin, Paolo

Published
2002
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34. The FALCON Concept: Multi-Object Spectroscopy Combined with MCAO in Near-IR.

Author

Bergeron, Jaqueline, Hammer, François, Sayède, Frédéric, Gendron, Eric, Fusco, Thierry, Burgarella, Denis, Cayatte, Véronique, Conan, Jean-Marc, Courbin, Frédéric, Flores, Hector, Guinouard, Isabelle, Jocou, Laurent, Lançon, Ariane, Monnet, Guy, Mouhcine, Mustapha, Rigaud, François, Rouan, Daniel, Rousset, Gérard, Buat, Véronique, and Zamkotsian, Frédéric

Published
2002
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